and register usage.
* Environment Variables:: Env vars that affect GCC.
* Precompiled Headers:: Compiling a header once, and using it many times.
-* Running Protoize:: Automatically adding or removing function prototypes.
@end menu
@c man begin OPTIONS
@xref{Overall Options,,Options Controlling the Kind of Output}.
@gccoptlist{-c -S -E -o @var{file} -combine -pipe -pass-exit-codes @gol
-x @var{language} -v -### --help@r{[}=@var{class}@r{[},@dots{}@r{]]} --target-help @gol
---version -wrapper@@@var{file}}
+--version -wrapper@@@var{file} -fplugin=@var{file} -fplugin-arg-@var{name}=@var{arg}}
@item C Language Options
@xref{C Dialect Options,,Options Controlling C Dialect}.
-fno-implement-inlines -fms-extensions @gol
-fno-nonansi-builtins -fno-operator-names @gol
-fno-optional-diags -fpermissive @gol
+-fno-pretty-templates @gol
-frepo -fno-rtti -fstats -ftemplate-depth-@var{n} @gol
-fno-threadsafe-statics -fuse-cxa-atexit -fno-weak -nostdinc++ @gol
-fno-default-inline -fvisibility-inlines-hidden @gol
-Wchar-subscripts -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol
-Wconversion -Wcoverage-mismatch -Wno-deprecated @gol
-Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wdisabled-optimization @gol
--Wdisallowed-function-list=@var{sym},@var{sym},@dots{} @gol
-Wno-div-by-zero -Wempty-body -Wenum-compare -Wno-endif-labels @gol
-Werror -Werror=* @gol
-Wfatal-errors -Wfloat-equal -Wformat -Wformat=2 @gol
-print-multi-directory -print-multi-lib @gol
-print-prog-name=@var{program} -print-search-dirs -Q @gol
-print-sysroot -print-sysroot-headers-suffix @gol
--save-temps -time}
+-save-temps -save-temps=cwd -save-temps=obj -time}
@item Optimization Options
@xref{Optimize Options,,Options that Control Optimization}.
-fdata-sections -fdce -fdce @gol
-fdelayed-branch -fdelete-null-pointer-checks -fdse -fdse @gol
-fearly-inlining -fexpensive-optimizations -ffast-math @gol
--ffinite-math-only -ffloat-store -fforward-propagate @gol
--ffunction-sections -fgcse -fgcse-after-reload -fgcse-las -fgcse-lm @gol
+-ffinite-math-only -ffloat-store -fexcess-precision=@var{style} @gol
+-fforward-propagate -ffunction-sections @gol
+-fgcse -fgcse-after-reload -fgcse-las -fgcse-lm @gol
-fgcse-sm -fif-conversion -fif-conversion2 -findirect-inlining @gol
-finline-functions -finline-functions-called-once -finline-limit=@var{n} @gol
-finline-small-functions -fipa-cp -fipa-cp-clone -fipa-matrix-reorg -fipa-pta @gol
-freciprocal-math -fregmove -frename-registers -freorder-blocks @gol
-freorder-blocks-and-partition -freorder-functions @gol
-frerun-cse-after-loop -freschedule-modulo-scheduled-loops @gol
--frounding-math -frtl-abstract-sequences -fsched2-use-superblocks @gol
+-frounding-math -fsched2-use-superblocks @gol
-fsched2-use-traces -fsched-spec-load -fsched-spec-load-dangerous @gol
-fsched-stalled-insns-dep[=@var{n}] -fsched-stalled-insns[=@var{n}] @gol
-fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2 -fsection-anchors -fsee @gol
@emph{AVR Options}
@gccoptlist{-mmcu=@var{mcu} -msize -minit-stack=@var{n} -mno-interrupts @gol
--mcall-prologues -mno-tablejump -mtiny-stack -mint8}
+-mcall-prologues -mtiny-stack -mint8}
@emph{Blackfin Options}
@gccoptlist{-mcpu=@var{cpu}@r{[}-@var{sirevision}@r{]} @gol
-m96bit-long-double -mregparm=@var{num} -msseregparm @gol
-mveclibabi=@var{type} -mpc32 -mpc64 -mpc80 -mstackrealign @gol
-momit-leaf-frame-pointer -mno-red-zone -mno-tls-direct-seg-refs @gol
--mcmodel=@var{code-model} @gol
+-mcmodel=@var{code-model} -mabi=@var{name} @gol
-m32 -m64 -mlarge-data-threshold=@var{num} @gol
-mfused-madd -mno-fused-madd -msse2avx}
@emph{x86-64 Options}
See i386 and x86-64 Options.
+@emph{i386 and x86-64 Windows Options}
+@gccoptlist{-mconsole -mcygwin -mno-cygwin -mdll
+-mnop-fun-dllimport -mthread -mwin32 -mwindows}
+
@emph{Xstormy16 Options}
@gccoptlist{-msim}
This will invoke all subprograms of gcc under "gdb --args",
thus cc1 invocation will be "gdb --args cc1 ...".
+@item -fplugin=@var{name}.so
+Load the plugin code in file @var{name}.so, assumed to be a
+shared object to be dlopen'd by the compiler. The base name of
+the shared object file is used to identify the plugin for the
+purposes of argument parsing (See
+@option{-fplugin-arg-@var{name}-@var{key}=@var{value}} below).
+Each plugin should define the callback functions specified in the
+Plugins API.
+
+@item -fplugin-arg-@var{name}-@var{key}=@var{value}
+Define an argument called @var{key} with a value of @var{value}
+for the plugin called @var{name}.
+
@include @value{srcdir}/../libiberty/at-file.texi
@end table
warnings. Thus, using @option{-fpermissive} will allow some
nonconforming code to compile.
+@item -fno-pretty-templates
+@opindex fno-pretty-templates
+When an error message refers to a specialization of a function
+template, the compiler will normally print the signature of the
+template followed by the template arguments and any typedefs or
+typenames in the signature (e.g. @code{void f(T) [with T = int]}
+rather than @code{void f(int)}) so that it's clear which template is
+involved. When an error message refers to a specialization of a class
+template, the compiler will omit any template arguments which match
+the default template arguments for that template. If either of these
+behaviors make it harder to understand the error message rather than
+easier, using @option{-fno-pretty-templates} will disable them.
+
@item -frepo
@opindex frepo
Enable automatic template instantiation at link time. This option also
-Warray-bounds @r{(only with} @option{-O2}@r{)} @gol
-Wc++0x-compat @gol
-Wchar-subscripts @gol
+-Wenum-compare @r{(in C/Objc; this is on by default in C++)} @gol
-Wimplicit-int @gol
-Wimplicit-function-declaration @gol
-Wcomment @gol
Warn if an empty body occurs in an @samp{if}, @samp{else} or @samp{do
while} statement. This warning is also enabled by @option{-Wextra}.
-@item -Wenum-compare @r{(C++ and Objective-C++ only)}
+@item -Wenum-compare
@opindex Wenum-compare
@opindex Wno-enum-compare
-Warn about a comparison between values of different enum types. This
-warning is enabled by default.
+Warn about a comparison between values of different enum types. In C++
+this warning is enabled by default. In C this warning is enabled by
+@option{-Wall}.
@item -Wsign-compare
@opindex Wsign-compare
This option is implied by @option{-pedantic}, and can be disabled with
@option{-Wno-overlength-strings}.
-
-@item -Wdisallowed-function-list=@var{sym},@var{sym},@dots{}
-@opindex Wdisallowed-function-list
-
-If any of @var{sym} is called, GCC will issue a warning. This can be useful
-in enforcing coding conventions that ban calls to certain functions, for
-example, @code{alloca}, @code{malloc}, etc.
@end table
@node Debugging Options
@item -fno-merge-debug-strings
@opindex fmerge-debug-strings
@opindex fno-merge-debug-strings
-Direct the linker to merge together strings which are identical in
-different object files. This is not supported by all assemblers or
-linker. This decreases the size of the debug information in the
-output file at the cost of increasing link processing time. This is
-on by default.
+Direct the linker to not merge together strings in the debugging
+information which are identical in different object files. Merging is
+not supported by all assemblers or linkers. Merging decreases the size
+of the debug information in the output file at the cost of increasing
+link processing time. Merging is enabled by default.
@item -fdebug-prefix-map=@var{old}=@var{new}
@opindex fdebug-prefix-map
@item -fdump-rtl-compgotos
@opindex fdump-rtl-compgotos
-Dump after dumplicating the computed gotos.
+Dump after duplicating the computed gotos.
@item -fdump-rtl-ce1
@itemx -fdump-rtl-ce2
dependence info.
@item -save-temps
+@itemx -save-temps=cwd
@opindex save-temps
Store the usual ``temporary'' intermediate files permanently; place them
in the current directory and name them based on the source file. Thus,
The corresponding intermediate file may be obtained by renaming the
source file before using @option{-save-temps}.
+If you invoke GCC in parallel, compiling several different source
+files that share a common base name in different subdirectories or the
+same source file compiled for multiple output destinations, it is
+likely that the different parallel compilers will interfere with each
+other, and overwrite the temporary files. For instance:
+
+@smallexample
+gcc -save-temps -o outdir1/foo.o indir1/foo.c&
+gcc -save-temps -o outdir2/foo.o indir2/foo.c&
+@end smallexample
+
+may result in @file{foo.i} and @file{foo.o} being written to
+simultaneously by both compilers.
+
+@item -save-temps=obj
+@opindex save-temps=obj
+Store the usual ``temporary'' intermediate files permanently. If the
+@option{-o} option is used, the temporary files are based on the
+object file. If the @option{-o} option is not used, the
+@option{-save-temps=obj} switch behaves like @option{-save-temps}.
+
+For example:
+
+@smallexample
+gcc -save-temps=obj -c foo.c
+gcc -save-temps=obj -c bar.c -o dir/xbar.o
+gcc -save-temps=obj foobar.c -o dir2/yfoobar
+@end smallexample
+
+would create @file{foo.i}, @file{foo.s}, @file{dir/xbar.i},
+@file{dir/xbar.s}, @file{dir2/yfoobar.i}, @file{dir2/yfoobar.s}, and
+@file{dir2/yfoobar.o}.
+
@item -time
@opindex time
Report the CPU time taken by each subprocess in the compilation
each of them.
Not all optimizations are controlled directly by a flag. Only
-optimizations that have a flag are listed.
+optimizations that have a flag are listed in this section.
+
+Depending on the target and how GCC was configured, a slightly different
+set of optimizations may be enabled at each @option{-O} level than
+those listed here. You can invoke GCC with @samp{-Q --help=optimizers}
+to find out the exact set of optimizations that are enabled at each level.
+@xref{Overall Options}, for examples.
@table @gcctabopt
@item -O
@item -fdelete-null-pointer-checks
@opindex fdelete-null-pointer-checks
-Use global dataflow analysis to identify and eliminate useless checks
-for null pointers. The compiler assumes that dereferencing a null
-pointer would have halted the program. If a pointer is checked after
-it has already been dereferenced, it cannot be null.
-
-In some environments, this assumption is not true, and programs can
-safely dereference null pointers. Use
-@option{-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks} to disable this optimization
+Assume that programs cannot safely dereference null pointers, and that
+no code or data element resides there. This enables simple constant
+folding optimizations at all optimization levels. In addition, other
+optimization passes in GCC use this flag to control global dataflow
+analyses that eliminate useless checks for null pointers; these assume
+that if a pointer is checked after it has already been dereferenced,
+it cannot be null.
+
+Note however that in some environments this assumption is not true.
+Use @option{-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks} to disable this optimization
for programs which depend on that behavior.
-Enabled at levels @option{-O2}, @option{-O3}, @option{-Os}.
+Some targets, especially embedded ones, disable this option at all levels.
+Otherwise it is enabled at all levels: @option{-O0}, @option{-O1},
+@option{-O2}, @option{-O3}, @option{-Os}. Passes that use the information
+are enabled independently at different optimization levels.
@item -fexpensive-optimizations
@opindex fexpensive-optimizations
with its equivalent n-dimensional matrix, where n < m.
This reduces the level of indirection needed for accessing the elements
of the matrix. The second optimization is matrix transposing that
-attemps to change the order of the matrix's dimensions in order to
+attempts to change the order of the matrix's dimensions in order to
improve cache locality.
Both optimizations need the @option{-fwhole-program} flag.
Transposing is enabled only if profiling information is available.
contiguously by column, and the original loop iterates over rows,
potentially creating at each access a cache miss. This optimization
applies to all the languages supported by GCC and is not limited to
-Fortran.
+Fortran. To use this code transformation, GCC has to be configured
+with @option{--with-ppl} and @option{--with-cloog} to enable the
+Graphite loop transformation infrastructure.
@item -floop-strip-mine
Perform loop strip mining transformations on loops. Strip mining
ENDDO
@end smallexample
This optimization applies to all the languages supported by GCC and is
-not limited to Fortran.
+not limited to Fortran. To use this code transformation, GCC has to
+be configured with @option{--with-ppl} and @option{--with-cloog} to
+enable the Graphite loop transformation infrastructure.
@item -floop-block
Perform loop blocking transformations on loops. Blocking strip mines
which can be beneficial when @code{M} is larger than the caches,
because the innermost loop will iterate over a smaller amount of data
that can be kept in the caches. This optimization applies to all the
-languages supported by GCC and is not limited to Fortran.
+languages supported by GCC and is not limited to Fortran. To use this
+code transformation, GCC has to be configured with @option{--with-ppl}
+and @option{--with-cloog} to enable the Graphite loop transformation
+infrastructure.
@item -fcheck-data-deps
@opindex fcheck-data-deps
point. Use @option{-ffloat-store} for such programs, after modifying
them to store all pertinent intermediate computations into variables.
+@item -fexcess-precision=@var{style}
+@opindex fexcess-precision
+This option allows further control over excess precision on machines
+where floating-point registers have more precision than the IEEE
+@code{float} and @code{double} types and the processor does not
+support operations rounding to those types. By default,
+@option{-fexcess-precision=fast} is in effect; this means that
+operations are carried out in the precision of the registers and that
+it is unpredictable when rounding to the types specified in the source
+code takes place. When compiling C, if
+@option{-fexcess-precision=standard} is specified then excess
+precision will follow the rules specified in ISO C99; in particular,
+both casts and assignments cause values to be rounded to their
+semantic types (whereas @option{-ffloat-store} only affects
+assignments). This option is enabled by default for C if a strict
+conformance option such as @option{-std=c99} is used.
+
+@opindex mfpmath
+@option{-fexcess-precision=standard} is not implemented for languages
+other than C, and has no effect if
+@option{-funsafe-math-optimizations} or @option{-ffast-math} is
+specified. On the x86, it also has no effect if @option{-mfpmath=sse}
+or @option{-mfpmath=sse+387} is specified; in the former case, IEEE
+semantics apply without excess precision, and in the latter, rounding
+is unpredictable.
+
@item -ffast-math
@opindex ffast-math
Sets @option{-fno-math-errno}, @option{-funsafe-math-optimizations},
using C99's @code{FENV_ACCESS} pragma. This command line option
will be used to specify the default state for @code{FENV_ACCESS}.
-@item -frtl-abstract-sequences
-@opindex frtl-abstract-sequences
-It is a size optimization method. This option is to find identical
-sequences of code, which can be turned into pseudo-procedures and
-then replace all occurrences with calls to the newly created
-subroutine. It is kind of an opposite of @option{-finline-functions}.
-This optimization runs at RTL level.
-
@item -fsignaling-nans
@opindex fsignaling-nans
Compile code assuming that IEEE signaling NaNs may generate user-visible
optimization. If more memory than specified is required, the
optimization will not be done.
-@item max-gcse-passes
-The maximum number of passes of GCSE to run. The default is 1.
-
@item max-pending-list-length
The maximum number of pending dependencies scheduling will allow
before flushing the current state and starting over. Large functions
@item max-cse-insns
The maximum instructions CSE process before flushing. The default is 1000.
-@item max-aliased-vops
-
-Maximum number of virtual operands per function allowed to represent
-aliases before triggering the alias partitioning heuristic. Alias
-partitioning reduces compile times and memory consumption needed for
-aliasing at the expense of precision loss in alias information. The
-default value for this parameter is 100 for -O1, 500 for -O2 and 1000
-for -O3.
-
-Notice that if a function contains more memory statements than the
-value of this parameter, it is not really possible to achieve this
-reduction. In this case, the compiler will use the number of memory
-statements as the value for @option{max-aliased-vops}.
-
-@item avg-aliased-vops
-
-Average number of virtual operands per statement allowed to represent
-aliases before triggering the alias partitioning heuristic. This
-works in conjunction with @option{max-aliased-vops}. If a function
-contains more than @option{max-aliased-vops} virtual operators, then
-memory symbols will be grouped into memory partitions until either the
-total number of virtual operators is below @option{max-aliased-vops}
-or the average number of virtual operators per memory statement is
-below @option{avg-aliased-vops}. The default value for this parameter
-is 1 for -O1 and -O2, and 3 for -O3.
-
@item ggc-min-expand
GCC uses a garbage collector to manage its own memory allocation. This
* H8/300 Options::
* HPPA Options::
* i386 and x86-64 Options::
+* i386 and x86-64 Windows Options::
* IA-64 Options::
* M32C Options::
* M32R/D Options::
the compiler generates code to handle function calls via function
pointers.
-@item -mnop-fun-dllimport
-@opindex mnop-fun-dllimport
-Disable support for the @code{dllimport} attribute.
-
@item -msingle-pic-base
@opindex msingle-pic-base
Treat the register used for PIC addressing as read-only, rather than
use the 32-bit ARM instruction set.
This option automatically enables either 16-bit Thumb-1 or
mixed 16/32-bit Thumb-2 instructions based on the @option{-mcpu=@var{name}}
-and @option{-march=@var{name}} options.
+and @option{-march=@var{name}} options. This option is not passed to the
+assembler. If you want to force assembler files to be interpreted as Thumb code,
+either add a @samp{.thumb} directive to the source or pass the @option{-mthumb}
+option directly to the assembler by prefixing it with @option{-Wa}.
@item -mtpcs-frame
@opindex mtpcs-frame
Functions prologues/epilogues expanded as call to appropriate
subroutines. Code size will be smaller.
-@item -mno-tablejump
-@opindex mno-tablejump
-Do not generate tablejump insns which sometimes increase code size.
-
@item -mtiny-stack
@opindex mtiny-stack
Change only the low 8 bits of the stack pointer.
Schedules as an EV6 and supports the BWX, CIX, FIX, and MAX extensions.
@end table
+Native Linux/GNU toolchains also support the value @samp{native},
+which selects the best architecture option for the host processor.
+@option{-mcpu=native} has no effect if GCC does not recognize
+the processor.
+
@item -mtune=@var{cpu_type}
@opindex mtune
Set only the instruction scheduling parameters for machine type
@var{cpu_type}. The instruction set is not changed.
+Native Linux/GNU toolchains also support the value @samp{native},
+which selects the best architecture option for the host processor.
+@option{-mtune=native} has no effect if GCC does not recognize
+the processor.
+
@item -mmemory-latency=@var{time}
@opindex mmemory-latency
Sets the latency the scheduler should assume for typical memory
@item core2
Intel Core2 CPU with 64-bit extensions, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3 and SSSE3
instruction set support.
+@item atom
+Intel Atom CPU with 64-bit extensions, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3 and SSSE3
+instruction set support.
@item k6
AMD K6 CPU with MMX instruction set support.
@item k6-2, k6-3
A deprecated synonym for @option{-mtune}.
@item -mfpmath=@var{unit}
-@opindex march
+@opindex mfpmath
Generate floating point arithmetics for selected unit @var{unit}. The choices
for @var{unit} are:
@item -mrecip
@opindex mrecip
This option will enable GCC to use RCPSS and RSQRTSS instructions (and their
-vectorized variants RCPPS and RSQRTPS) with an additional Newton-Rhapson step
+vectorized variants RCPPS and RSQRTPS) with an additional Newton-Raphson step
to increase precision instead of DIVSS and SQRTSS (and their vectorized
variants) for single precision floating point arguments. These instructions
are generated only when @option{-funsafe-math-optimizations} is enabled
@option{-funsafe-math-optimizations} have to be enabled. A SVML or ACML ABI
compatible library will have to be specified at link time.
+@item -mabi=@var{name}
+@opindex mabi
+Generate code for the specified calling convention. Permissible values
+are: @samp{sysv} for the ABI used on GNU/Linux and other systems and
+@samp{ms} for the Microsoft ABI. The default is to use the Microsoft
+ABI when targeting Windows. On all other systems, the default is the
+SYSV ABI. You can control this behavior for a specific function by
+using the function attribute @samp{ms_abi}/@samp{sysv_abi}.
+@xref{Function Attributes}.
+
@item -mpush-args
@itemx -mno-push-args
@opindex mpush-args
@item -mstack-increment=@var{size}
@opindex mstack-increment
Set the maximum amount for a single stack increment operation. Large
-values can increase the speed of progrqams which contain functions
+values can increase the speed of programs which contain functions
that need a large amount of stack space, but they can also trigger a
segmentation fault if the stack is extended too much. The default
value is 0x1000.
In the future, we may cause GCC to ignore all longcall specifications
when the linker is known to generate glue.
+@item -mtls-markers
+@itemx -mno-tls-markers
+@opindex mtls-markers
+@opindex mno-tls-markers
+Mark (do not mark) calls to @code{__tls_get_addr} with a relocation
+specifying the function argument. The relocation allows ld to
+reliably associate function call with argument setup instructions for
+TLS optimization, which in turn allows gcc to better schedule the
+sequence.
+
@item -pthread
@opindex pthread
Adds support for multithreading with the @dfn{pthreads} library.
These are listed under @xref{i386 and x86-64 Options}.
+@node i386 and x86-64 Windows Options
+@subsection i386 and x86-64 Windows Options
+@cindex i386 and x86-64 Windows Options
+
+These additional options are available for Windows targets:
+
+@table @gcctabopt
+@item -mconsole
+@opindex mconsole
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets. It
+specifies that a console application is to be generated, by
+instructing the linker to set the PE header subsystem type
+required for console applications.
+This is the default behaviour for Cygwin and MinGW targets.
+
+@item -mcygwin
+@opindex mcygwin
+This option is available for Cygwin targets. It specifies that
+the Cygwin internal interface is to be used for predefined
+preprocessor macros, C runtime libraries and related linker
+paths and options. For Cygwin targets this is the default behaviour.
+This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
+
+@item -mno-cygwin
+@opindex mno-cygwin
+This option is available for Cygwin targets. It specifies that
+the MinGW internal interface is to be used instead of Cygwin's, by
+setting MinGW-related predefined macros and linker paths and default
+library options.
+This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
+
+@item -mdll
+@opindex mdll
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets. It
+specifies that a DLL - a dynamic link library - is to be
+generated, enabling the selection of the required runtime
+startup object and entry point.
+
+@item -mnop-fun-dllimport
+@opindex mnop-fun-dllimport
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets. It
+specifies that the dllimport attribute should be ignored.
+
+@item -mthread
+@opindex mthread
+This option is available for MinGW targets. It specifies
+that MinGW-specific thread support is to be used.
+
+@item -mwin32
+@opindex mwin32
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets. It
+specifies that the typical Windows pre-defined macros are to
+be set in the pre-processor, but does not influence the choice
+of runtime library/startup code.
+
+@item -mwindows
+@opindex mwindows
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets. It
+specifies that a GUI application is to be generated by
+instructing the linker to set the PE header subsystem type
+appropriately.
+@end table
+
+See also under @ref{i386 and x86-64 Options} for standard options.
+
@node Xstormy16 Options
@subsection Xstormy16 Options
@cindex Xstormy16 Options
behavior for the options. For instance, if you use @option{-g} to
generate the precompiled header but not when using it, you may or may
not get debugging information for routines in the precompiled header.
-
-@node Running Protoize
-@section Running Protoize
-
-The program @code{protoize} is an optional part of GCC@. You can use
-it to add prototypes to a program, thus converting the program to ISO
-C in one respect. The companion program @code{unprotoize} does the
-reverse: it removes argument types from any prototypes that are found.
-
-When you run these programs, you must specify a set of source files as
-command line arguments. The conversion programs start out by compiling
-these files to see what functions they define. The information gathered
-about a file @var{foo} is saved in a file named @file{@var{foo}.X}.
-
-After scanning comes actual conversion. The specified files are all
-eligible to be converted; any files they include (whether sources or
-just headers) are eligible as well.
-
-But not all the eligible files are converted. By default,
-@code{protoize} and @code{unprotoize} convert only source and header
-files in the current directory. You can specify additional directories
-whose files should be converted with the @option{-d @var{directory}}
-option. You can also specify particular files to exclude with the
-@option{-x @var{file}} option. A file is converted if it is eligible, its
-directory name matches one of the specified directory names, and its
-name within the directory has not been excluded.
-
-Basic conversion with @code{protoize} consists of rewriting most
-function definitions and function declarations to specify the types of
-the arguments. The only ones not rewritten are those for varargs
-functions.
-
-@code{protoize} optionally inserts prototype declarations at the
-beginning of the source file, to make them available for any calls that
-precede the function's definition. Or it can insert prototype
-declarations with block scope in the blocks where undeclared functions
-are called.
-
-Basic conversion with @code{unprotoize} consists of rewriting most
-function declarations to remove any argument types, and rewriting
-function definitions to the old-style pre-ISO form.
-
-Both conversion programs print a warning for any function declaration or
-definition that they can't convert. You can suppress these warnings
-with @option{-q}.
-
-The output from @code{protoize} or @code{unprotoize} replaces the
-original source file. The original file is renamed to a name ending
-with @samp{.save} (for DOS, the saved filename ends in @samp{.sav}
-without the original @samp{.c} suffix). If the @samp{.save} (@samp{.sav}
-for DOS) file already exists, then the source file is simply discarded.
-
-@code{protoize} and @code{unprotoize} both depend on GCC itself to
-scan the program and collect information about the functions it uses.
-So neither of these programs will work until GCC is installed.
-
-Here is a table of the options you can use with @code{protoize} and
-@code{unprotoize}. Each option works with both programs unless
-otherwise stated.
-
-@table @code
-@item -B @var{directory}
-Look for the file @file{SYSCALLS.c.X} in @var{directory}, instead of the
-usual directory (normally @file{/usr/local/lib}). This file contains
-prototype information about standard system functions. This option
-applies only to @code{protoize}.
-
-@item -c @var{compilation-options}
-Use @var{compilation-options} as the options when running @command{gcc} to
-produce the @samp{.X} files. The special option @option{-aux-info} is
-always passed in addition, to tell @command{gcc} to write a @samp{.X} file.
-
-Note that the compilation options must be given as a single argument to
-@code{protoize} or @code{unprotoize}. If you want to specify several
-@command{gcc} options, you must quote the entire set of compilation options
-to make them a single word in the shell.
-
-There are certain @command{gcc} arguments that you cannot use, because they
-would produce the wrong kind of output. These include @option{-g},
-@option{-O}, @option{-c}, @option{-S}, and @option{-o} If you include these in
-the @var{compilation-options}, they are ignored.
-
-@item -C
-Rename files to end in @samp{.C} (@samp{.cc} for DOS-based file
-systems) instead of @samp{.c}. This is convenient if you are converting
-a C program to C++. This option applies only to @code{protoize}.
-
-@item -g
-Add explicit global declarations. This means inserting explicit
-declarations at the beginning of each source file for each function
-that is called in the file and was not declared. These declarations
-precede the first function definition that contains a call to an
-undeclared function. This option applies only to @code{protoize}.
-
-@item -i @var{string}
-Indent old-style parameter declarations with the string @var{string}.
-This option applies only to @code{protoize}.
-
-@code{unprotoize} converts prototyped function definitions to old-style
-function definitions, where the arguments are declared between the
-argument list and the initial @samp{@{}. By default, @code{unprotoize}
-uses five spaces as the indentation. If you want to indent with just
-one space instead, use @option{-i " "}.
-
-@item -k
-Keep the @samp{.X} files. Normally, they are deleted after conversion
-is finished.
-
-@item -l
-Add explicit local declarations. @code{protoize} with @option{-l} inserts
-a prototype declaration for each function in each block which calls the
-function without any declaration. This option applies only to
-@code{protoize}.
-
-@item -n
-Make no real changes. This mode just prints information about the conversions
-that would have been done without @option{-n}.
-
-@item -N
-Make no @samp{.save} files. The original files are simply deleted.
-Use this option with caution.
-
-@item -p @var{program}
-Use the program @var{program} as the compiler. Normally, the name
-@file{gcc} is used.
-
-@item -q
-Work quietly. Most warnings are suppressed.
-
-@item -v
-Print the version number, just like @option{-v} for @command{gcc}.
-@end table
-
-If you need special compiler options to compile one of your program's
-source files, then you should generate that file's @samp{.X} file
-specially, by running @command{gcc} on that source file with the
-appropriate options and the option @option{-aux-info}. Then run
-@code{protoize} on the entire set of files. @code{protoize} will use
-the existing @samp{.X} file because it is newer than the source file.
-For example:
-
-@smallexample
-gcc -Dfoo=bar file1.c -aux-info file1.X
-protoize *.c
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-You need to include the special files along with the rest in the
-@code{protoize} command, even though their @samp{.X} files already
-exist, because otherwise they won't get converted.
-
-@xref{Protoize Caveats}, for more information on how to use
-@code{protoize} successfully.