+2004-05-13 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
+
+ * docs/html/abi.html: New.
+ * docs/html/abi.txt: Remove.
+ * docs/html/documentation.html: Add link.
+ * testsuite/Makefile.am: Add files.
+ * testsuite/Makefile.in: Regenerated.
+ * testsuite/abi_check.cc: Move and modify code into...
+ * testsuite/testsuite_abi.cc: Add.
+ * testsuite/testsuite_abi.h: Add.
+
+ * docs/html/17_intro/TODO: Update.
+ * include/bits/stl_pair.h: Format.
+
2004-05-06 Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org>
* include/backward/iterator.h: Add GPL copyright info,
- switch to mt_allocator with --enable-threads=posix.
- - Try to figure out a way to switch allocators in a more elegant
- manner, and make the default allocator configurable.
-
- persistent allocator
- global/extern allocator
std::string
- - re-design for multi-paradigm, meta string class solution incorporating COW
+ - Policy-based design incorporating COW
vs. deep copy issues, MT scalability
See Andrei Alexandrescu, June 2001, C/C++ Users Journal
"Generic<Programming>: A Policy-Based basic_string Implementation"
- minimize ctype convertion in data facets, see numpunct/num_put/num_get
- - finish caching data facets and using the caches
-
std::basic_filebuf, 27_io
- wfilebuf, get variable-encoding working and tested, including
- diffing generated output files
+ - provide testsuites for numerics.
+
- make check-abi needs to have full symbol checking. Scope the LSB
testsuite, see what's going on with the typeinfo etc. bits.
- - provide testsuites for numerics.
-
- try to do a better job of ABI testing, with instantiations of all
standard-specified types checked, not just exported symbols.
- auto_ptr: seems to be some disagreement on what is
standards-conformant behavior, specially on conversion operators.
-- looks like deque::get_allocator not standards conformant or deque
-allocator non-standard.
-
- list::assignment operator needs const_cast
- a cleaner division between pointers-to-value_type and true iterators
--- /dev/null
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html
+ PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+ <meta name="AUTHOR" content="bkoz@gcc.gnu.org (Benjamin Kosnik)" />
+ <meta name="KEYWORDS" content="C++, libstdc++, dynamic, shared, library, ABI, version" />
+ <meta name="DESCRIPTION" content="C++ Standard Library ABI" />
+ <meta name="GENERATOR" content="emacs and ten fingers" />
+ <title>Standard C++ Library ABI</title>
+<link rel="StyleSheet" href="lib3styles.css" type="text/css" />
+<link rel="Start" href="documentation.html" type="text/html"
+ title="GNU C++ Standard Library" />
+<link rel="Copyright" href="17_intro/license.html" type="text/html" />
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<h1 class="centered"><a name="top">C++ Standard Library ABI</a></h1>
+
+<p class="fineprint"><em>
+ The latest version of this document is always available at
+ <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/abi.html">
+ http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/abi.html</a>.
+</em></p>
+
+<p><em>
+ To the <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/libstdc++/">libstdc++-v3 homepage</a>.
+</em></p>
+
+<!-- ####################################################### -->
+<hr />
+<h3 class="left">
+ <a name="C++interface">The C++ interface</a>
+</h3>
+
+<p> C++ applications often dependent on specific language support
+routines, say for throwing exceptions, or catching exceptions, and
+perhaps also dependent on features in the C++ Standard Library.
+</p>
+
+<p> The C++ Standard Library has many include files, types defined in
+those include files, specific named functions, and other behavior. The
+text of these behaviors, as written in source include files, is called
+the Application Programing Interface, or API.
+</p>
+
+<p> Furthermore, C++ source that is compiled into object files is
+ transformed by the compiler: it arranges objects with specific
+ alignment and in a particular layout, mangling names according to a
+ well-defined algorithm, has specific arrangements for the support of
+ virtual functions, etc. These details are defined as the compiler
+ Application Binary Interface, or ABI. The GNU C++ compiler uses an
+ industry-standard C++ ABI starting with version 3. Details can be
+ found in the <a href="http://www.codesourcery.com/cxx-abi/abi.html">
+ ABI specification</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ The GNU C++ compiler, g++, has a compiler command line option to
+ switch between various different C++ ABIs. This explicit version
+ switch is the flag <code> -fabi-version</code>. In addition, some
+ g++ command line options may change the ABI as a side-effect of
+ use. Such flags include <code>-fpack-struct</code> and
+ <code>-fno-exceptions</code>, but include others: see the complete
+ list in the GCC manual under the heading <a
+ href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Code-Gen-Options.html#Code%20Gen%20Options">Options
+ for Code Generation Conventions</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p> The configure options used when building a specific libstdc++
+version may also impact the resulting library ABI. The available
+configure options, and their impact on the library ABI, are documented
+<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/configopts.html">
+here</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p> Putting all of these ideas together results in the C++ Standard
+library ABI, which is the compilation of a given library API by a
+given compiler ABI. In a nutshell:
+</p>
+
+<code> library API + compiler ABI = library ABI</code>
+
+<p>
+ The library ABI is mostly of interest for end-users who have
+ unresolved symbols and are linking dynamically to the C++ Standard
+ library, and who thus must be careful to compile their application
+ with a compiler that is compatible with the available C++ Standard
+ library binary. In this case, compatible is defined with the equation
+ above: given an application compiled with a given compiler ABI and
+ library API, it will work correctly with a Standard C++ Library
+ created with the same constraints.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ To use a specific version of the C++ ABI, one must use a
+ corresponding GNU C++ toolchain (Ie, g++ and libstdc++) that
+ implements the C++ ABI in question.
+</p>
+
+<h3 class="left">
+ <a name="ABI versioning">Versioning</a>
+</h3>
+
+<p> The C++ interface has evolved throughout the history of the GNU
+C++ toolchain. With each release, various details have been changed so
+as to give distinct versions to the C++ interface.
+</p>
+
+<h5 class="left">
+ <a name="goals">Goals of versioning</a>
+</h5>
+
+<p>Extending existing, stable ABIs. Versioning gives subsequent stable
+releases series libraries the ability to add new symbols and add
+functionality, all the while retaining backwards compatibility with
+the previous releases in the series. Note: the reverse is not true. It
+is not possible to take binaries linked with the latest version of a
+release series (if symbols have been added) and expect the initial
+release of the series to remain link compatible.
+</p>
+
+<p>Allows multiple, incompatible ABIs to coexist at the same time.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+</p>
+
+<h5 class="left">
+ <a name="details"> Version History </a>
+</h5>
+<p>
+ How can this complexity be managed? What does C++ versioning mean?
+ Because library and compiler changes often make binaries compiled
+ with one version of the GNU tools incompatible with binaries
+ compiled with other (either newer or older) versions of the same GNU
+ tools, specific techniques are used to make managing this complexity
+ easier.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ The following techniques are used:
+</p>
+
+ <ul>
+
+ <li> <p>Release versioning on the libgcc_s.so binary. This is
+implemented via file names and the ELF DT_SONAME mechanism (at least
+on ELF systems).</p>
+
+ <p>It is versioned as follows:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.0: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.1: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.2: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.3: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.4: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.0: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.1: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.0: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.1: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.2: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.3: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.0: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.1: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.2: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.3: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.0: libgcc_s.so.1</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+
+ <li>Release versioning on the libstdc++.so binary, implemented in the same was as the libgcc_s.so binary, above.
+
+ <p>It is versioned as follows:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.0: libstdc++.so.3.0.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.1: libstdc++.so.3.0.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.2: libstdc++.so.3.0.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.3: libstdc++.so.3.0.2 (Error should be libstdc++.so.3.0.3)</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.4: libstdc++.so.3.0.4</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.0: libstdc++.so.4.0.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.1: libstdc++.so.4.0.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.0: libstdc++.so.5.0.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.1: libstdc++.so.5.0.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.2: libstdc++.so.5.0.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.3: libstdc++.so.5.0.3 (Not strictly required)</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.0: libstdc++.so.5.0.4</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.1: libstdc++.so.5.0.5</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.2: libstdc++.so.5.0.5</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.3: libstdc++.so.5.0.5</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.0: libstdc++.so.6.0.0</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+
+ <li>Symbol versioning on the libgcc_s.so binary.
+ <p>mapfile: gcc/libgcc-std.ver</p>
+
+ <p>It is versioned with the following labels and version definitions:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.0: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.1: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.2: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.3: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.4: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.0: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.1: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.0: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.1: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.2: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.3: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.0: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.1: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.2: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.3: GCC_3.0</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.0: GCC_3.0</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+
+ <li>Symbol versioning on the libstdc++.so binary.
+
+ <p>mapfile: libstdc++-v3/config/linker-map.gnu</p>
+ <p>It is versioned with the following labels and version
+ definitions, where the version definition is the maximum for a
+ particular release. Note, only symbol which are newly introduced
+ will use the maximum version definition. Thus, for release series
+ with the same label, but incremented version definitions, the later
+ release has both versions. (An example of this would be the
+ gcc-3.2.1 release, which has GLIBCPP_3.2.1 for new symbols and
+ GLIBCPP_3.2 for symbols that were introduced in the gcc-3.2.0
+ release.)
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.0: (Error, not versioned)</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.1: (Error, not versioned)</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.2: (Error, not versioned)</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.3: (Error, not versioned)</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.4: (Error, not versioned)</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.0: GLIBCPP_3.1, CXXABI_1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.1: GLIBCPP_3.1, CXXABI_1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.0: GLIBCPP_3.2, CXXABI_1.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.1: GLIBCPP_3.2.1, CXXABI_1.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.2: GLIBCPP_3.2.2, CXXABI_1.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.3: GLIBCPP_3.2.2, CXXABI_1.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.0: GLIBCPP_3.2.2, CXXABI_1.2.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.1: GLIBCPP_3.2.3, CXXABI_1.2.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.2: GLIBCPP_3.2.3, CXXABI_1.2.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.3: GLIBCPP_3.2.3, CXXABI_1.2.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.0: GLIBCXX_3.4, CXXABI_1.3</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Incremental bumping of a compiler pre-defined macro,
+ __GXX_ABI_VERSION. This macro is defined as the version of the
+ compiler v3 ABI, with g++ 3.0.x being version 100. This macro will
+ be automatically defined whenever g++ is used (the curious can
+ test this by invoking g++ with the '-v' flag.)
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ This macro is defined in the file "lang-specs.h" in the gcc/cp directory.
+ Later versions define it in "c-common.c" in the gcc directory.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ It is versioned as follows:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.x: 100</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.x: 100 (Error, should be 101)</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.x: 102</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.x: 102</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.x: 1002</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Changes to the default compiler option for
+ <code>-fabi-version</code>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ It is versioned as follows:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.x: (Error, not versioned) </li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.x: (Error, not versioned) </li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.x: <code>-fabi-version=1</code></li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.x: <code>-fabi-version=1</code></li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.x: <code>-fabi-version=2</code></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Incremental bumping of a library pre-defined macro. For releases
+ before 3.4.0, the macro is __GLIBCPP__. For later releases, it's
+ __GLIBCXX__. (The libstdc++ project generously changed from CPP to
+ CXX throughout its source to allow the "C" pre-processor the CPP
+ macro namespace.) These macros are defined as the date the library
+ was released, in compressed ISO date format, as an unsigned long.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ In addition, the pre-defined macro is defined in the file
+ "c++config" in the "libstdc++-v3/include/bits" directory and is
+ changed every night by an automated script.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ It is versioned as follows:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.0: 20010615</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.1: 20010819</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.2: 20011023</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.3: 20011220</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.4: 20020220</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.0: 20020514</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.1: 20020725</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.0: 20020814</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.1: 20021119</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.2: 20030205</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.3: 20030422</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.0: 20030513</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.1: 20030804</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.2: 20031016</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.3: 20040214</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.0: 20040419</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+
+
+ <li>
+ <p>
+ Incremental bumping of a library pre-defined macro,
+ _GLIBCPP_VERSION. This macro is defined as the released version of
+ the library, as a string literal. This is only implemented in
+ gcc-3.1.0 releases and higher, and is deprecated in 3.4.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ This macro is defined in the file "c++config" in the
+ "libstdc++-v3/include/bits" directory and is generated
+ automatically by autoconf as part of the configure-time generation
+ of config.h.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ It is versioned as follows:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.0: "3.0.0"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.1: "3.0.0" (Error, should be "3.0.1")</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.2: "3.0.0" (Error, should be "3.0.2")</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.3: "3.0.0" (Error, should be "3.0.3")</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.4: "3.0.0" (Error, should be "3.0.4")</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.0: "3.1.0"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.1: "3.1.1"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.0: "3.2"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.1: "3.2.1"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.2: "3.2.2"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.3: "3.2.3"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.0: "3.3"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.1: "3.3.1"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.2: "3.3.2"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.3: "3.3.3"</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.0: "version-unused"</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>
+ Matching each specific C++ compiler release to a specific set of
+ C++ include files. This is only implemented in gcc-3.1.1 releases
+ and higher.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ All C++ includes are installed in include/c++, then nest in a
+ directory hierarchy corresponding to the C++ compiler's released
+ version. This version corresponds to the variable "gcc_version" in
+ "libstdc++-v3/acinclude.m4," and more details can be found in that
+ file's macro GLIBCPP_CONFIGURE.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ C++ includes are versioned as follows:
+ </p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.0: include/g++-v3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.1: include/g++-v3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.2: include/g++-v3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.3: include/g++-v3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.0.4: include/g++-v3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.0: include/g++-v3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.1.1: include/c++/3.1.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.0: include/c++/3.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.1: include/c++/3.2.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.2: include/c++/3.2.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.2.3: include/c++/3.2.3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.0: include/c++/3.3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.1: include/c++/3.3.1</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.2: include/c++/3.3.2</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.3.3: include/c++/3.3.3</li>
+ <li>gcc-3.4.0: include/c++/3.4.0</li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <p></p>
+ </ul>
+<p>
+ Taken together, these techniques can accurately specify interface
+ and implementation changes in the GNU C++ tools themselves. Used
+ properly, they allow both the GNU C++ tools implementation, and
+ programs using them, an evolving yet controlled development that
+ maintains backward compatibility.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h5 class="left">
+ <a name="requirements"> Minimum requirements for a versioned ABI </a>
+</h5>
+<p>
+ Minimum environment that supports a versioned ABI: A supported
+ dynamic linker, a GNU linker of sufficient vintage to understand
+ demangled C++ name globbing (ld), a shared executable compiled with
+ g++, and shared libraries (libgcc_s, libstdc++-v3) compiled by a
+ compiler (g++) with a compatible ABI. Phew.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ On top of all that, an additional constraint: libstdc++ did not
+ attempt to version symbols (or age gracefully, really) until version
+ 3.1.0.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Most modern Linux and BSD versions, particularly ones using
+ gcc-3.1.x tools and more recent vintages, will meet the requirements above.
+</p>
+
+
+<h5 class="left">
+ <a name="config"> What configure options impact symbol versioning? </a>
+</h5>
+<p>
+ It turns out that most of the configure options that change default
+ behavior will impact the mangled names of exported symbols, and thus
+ impact versioning and compatibility.
+</p>
+
+</p>
+ For more information on configure options, including ABI impacts, see:
+ http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/configopts.html
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ There is one flag that explicitly deals with symbol versioning:
+ --enable-symvers.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ In particular, libstdc++-v3/acinclude.m4 has a macro called
+ GLIBCXX_ENABLE_SYMVERS that defaults to yes (or the argument passed
+ in via --enable-symvers=foo). At that point, the macro attempts to
+ make sure that all the requirement for symbol versioning are in
+ place. For more information, please consult acinclude.m4.
+</p>
+
+
+<h5 class="left">
+ <a name="active"> How to tell if symbol versioning is, indeed, active? </a>
+</h5>
+<p>
+ When the GNU C++ library is being built with symbol versioning on,
+ you should see the following at configure time for libstdc++-v3:
+</p>
+
+
+<code> checking versioning on shared library symbols... gnu</code>
+
+<p>
+ If you don't see this line in the configure output, or if this line
+ appears but the last word is 'no', then you are out of luck.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ If the compiler is pre-installed, a quick way to test is to compile
+ the following (or any) simple C++ file and link it to the shared
+ libstdc++ library:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main()
+{ std::cout << "hello" << std::endl; return 0; }
+
+%g++ hello.cc -o hello.out
+
+%ldd hello.out
+ libstdc++.so.5 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5 (0x00764000)
+ libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0x004a8000)
+ libgcc_s.so.1 => /mnt/hd/bld/gcc/gcc/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x40016000)
+ libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x0036d000)
+ /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00355000)
+
+%nm hello.out
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+If you see symbols in the resulting output with "GLIBCXX_3" as part
+of the name, then the executable is versioned. Here's an example:
+</p>
+
+ <code> U _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4 </code>
+
+<h3 class="left">
+ <a name="ABI allowed">Library allowed ABI changes</a>
+</h3>
+<p>
+The following will cause the library minor version number to
+increase, say from "libstdc++.so.3.0.4" to "libstdc++.so.3.0.5".
+</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>adding an exported global or static data member</li>
+ <li>adding an exported function, static or non-virtual member function</li>
+ <li>adding an exported symbol or symbols by additional instantiations</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+</p>
+<p>
+Other allowed changes are possible.
+</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="left">
+ <a name="ABI disallowed">Library disallowed ABI changes</a>
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+The following non-exhaustive list will cause the library major version
+number to increase, say from "libstdc++.so.3.0.4" to
+"libstdc++.so.4.0.0".
+</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>changes in the gcc/g++ compiler ABI</li>
+<li>changing size of an exported symbol</li>
+<li>changing alignment of an exported symbol</li>
+<li>changing the layout of an exported symbol</li>
+<li>changing mangling on an exported symbol</li>
+<li>deleting an exported symbol</li>
+<li>changing the inheritance properties of a type by adding or removing
+ base classes</li>
+<li>
+ changing the size, alignment, or layout of types
+ specified in the C++ standard. These may not necessarily be
+ instantiated or otherwise exported in the library binary, and
+ include all the required locale facets, as well as things like
+ std::basic_streambuf, et al.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 class="left">
+ <a name="implementation">Library implementation strategy</a>
+</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Separation of interface and implementation</li>
+<p>This is accomplished by two techniques that separate the API from
+the ABI: forcing undefined references to link against a library binary
+for definitions.
+</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>Include files have declarations, source files have defines</li>
+
+<p> For non-templatized types, such as much of <code>class
+locale</code>, the appropriate standard C++ include, say
+<code>locale</code>, can contain full declarations, while various
+source files (say <code> locale.cc, locale_init.cc,
+localename.cc</code>) contain definitions.</p>
+
+ <li>Extern template on required types</li>
+
+ <p>For parts of the standard that have an explicit list of required
+ instantiations, the GNU extension syntax <code> extern template
+ </code> can be used to control where template definitions
+ reside. By marking required instantiations as <code> extern
+ template </code> in include files, and providing explicit
+ instantiations in the appropriate instantiation files, non-inlined
+ template functions can be versioned. This technique is mostly used
+ on parts of the standard that require <code> char</code> and <code>
+ wchar_t</code> instantiations, and includes <code>
+ basic_string</code>, the locale facets, and the types in <code>
+ iostreams</code>.</p>
+
+ </ul>
+ <p> In addition, these techniques have the additional benefit that
+ they reduce binary size, which can increase runtime performance.
+ </p>
+
+ <li>Namespaces linking symbol definitions to export mapfiles</li>
+
+<p>All symbols in the shared library binary are processed by a linker
+script at build time that either allows or disallows external
+linkage. Because of this, some symbols, regardless of normal C/C++
+linkage, are not visible. Symbols that are internal have several
+appealing characteristics: by not exporting the symbols, there are no
+relocations when the shared library is started and thus this makes for
+faster runtime loading performance by the underlying dynamic loading
+mechanism. In addition, they have the possibility of changing without
+impacting ABI compatibility.
+</p>
+
+<p>The following namespaces are transformed by the mapfile:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><code>namespace std</code></li>
+<p> Defaults to exporting all symbols in label
+<code>GLIBCXX</code> that do not begin with an underscore, ie
+<code>__test_func</code> would not be exported by default. Select
+exceptional symbols are allowed to be visible.</p>
+
+<li><code>namespace __gnu_cxx</code></li>
+<p> Defaults to not exporting any symbols in label
+<code>GLIBCXX</code>, select items are allowed to be visible.</p>
+
+<li><code>namespace __gnu_internal</code></li>
+<p> Defaults to not exported, no items are allowed to be visible.</p>
+
+<li><code>namespace __cxxabiv1</code>, aliased to <code> namespace abi</code></li>
+<p> Defaults to not exporting any symbols in label
+<code>CXXABI</code>, select items are allowed to be visible.</p>
+</ul>
+<p>
+</p>
+
+ <li>Freezing the API</li>
+ <p>Disallowed changes, as above, are not made on a stable release
+branch. Enforcement tends to be less strict with GNU extensions that
+standard includes.</p> </ul>
+
+<h3 class="left">
+ <a name="ABI testing">Testing ABI changes</a>
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Testing for GNU C++ ABI changes is composed of two distinct areas:
+testing the C++ compiler (g++) for compiler changes, and testing the
+C++ library (libstdc++) for library changes.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Testing the C++ compiler ABI can be done various ways.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+One.
+Intel ABI checker. More information can be obtained
+<a href="http://developer.intel.com/software/products/opensource/">here.</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Two.
+The second is yet unreleased, but has been announced on the gcc
+mailing list. It is yet unspecified if these tools will be freely
+available, and able to be included in a GNU project. Please contact
+Mark Mitchell (mark@codesourcery.com) for more details, and current
+status.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Three.
+Involves using the vlad.consistency test framework. This has also been
+discussed on the gcc mailing lists.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Testing the C++ library ABI can also be done various ways.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+One.
+(Brendan Kehoe, Jeff Law suggestion to run 'make check-c++' two ways,
+one with a new compiler and an old library, and the other with an old
+compiler and a new library, and look for testsuite regressions)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Details on how to set this kind of test up can be found here:
+http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-08/msg00142.html
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Two.
+Use the 'make check-abi' rule in the libstdc++-v3 Makefile.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+This is a proactive check the library ABI. Currently, exported symbol
+names that are either weak or defined are checked against a last known
+good baseline. Currently, this baseline is keyed off of 3.2.0
+binaries, as this was the last time the .so number was incremented. In
+addition, all exported names are demangled, and the exported objects
+are checked to make sure they are the same size as the same object in
+the baseline.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+This dataset is insufficient, yet a start. Also needed is a
+comprehensive check for all user-visible types part of the standard
+library for sizeof() and alignof() changes.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Verifying compatible layouts of objects is not even attempted. It
+should be possible to use sizeof, alignof, and offsetof to compute
+offsets for each structure and type in the standard library, saving to
+another datafile. Then, compute this in a similar way for new
+binaries, and look for differences.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Another approach might be to use the -fdump-class-hierarchy flag to
+get information. However, currently this approach gives insufficient
+data for use in library testing, as class data members, their offsets,
+and other detailed data is not displayed with this flag.
+(See g++/7470 on how this was used to find bugs.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Perhaps there are other C++ ABI checkers. If so, please notify
+us. We'd like to know about them!
+</p>
+
+<h3 class="left">
+ <a name="ABI multi testing">Testing Multi-ABI binaries</a>
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+A "C" application, dynamically linked to two shared libraries, liba,
+libb. The dependent library liba is C++ shared library compiled with
+gcc-3.3.x, and uses io, exceptions, locale, etc. The dependent library
+libb is a C++ shared library compiled with gcc-3.4.x, and also uses io,
+exceptions, locale, etc.
+</p>
+
+<p> As above, libone is constructed as follows: </p>
+<pre>
+%$bld/H-x86-gcc-3.4.0/bin/g++ -fPIC -DPIC -c a.cc
+
+%$bld/H-x86-gcc-3.4.0/bin/g++ -shared -Wl,-soname -Wl,libone.so.1 -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-z,defs a.o -o libone.so.1.0.0
+
+%ln -s libone.so.1.0.0 libone.so
+
+%$bld/H-x86-gcc-3.4.0/bin/g++ -c a.cc
+
+%ar cru libone.a a.o
+</pre>
+
+<p> And, libtwo is constructed as follows: </p>
+
+<pre>
+%$bld/H-x86-gcc-3.3.3/bin/g++ -fPIC -DPIC -c b.cc
+
+%$bld/H-x86-gcc-3.3.3/bin/g++ -shared -Wl,-soname -Wl,libtwo.so.1 -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-z,defs b.o -o libtwo.so.1.0.0
+
+%ln -s libtwo.so.1.0.0 libtwo.so
+
+%$bld/H-x86-gcc-3.3.3/bin/g++ -c b.cc
+
+%ar cru libtwo.a b.o
+</pre>
+
+<p> ...with the resulting libraries looking like </p>
+<pre>
+%ldd libone.so.1.0.0
+ libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x40016000)
+ libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0x400fa000)
+ libgcc_s.so.1 => /mnt/hd/bld/gcc/gcc/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x4011c000)
+ libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x40125000)
+ /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00355000)
+
+%ldd libtwo.so.1.0.0
+ libstdc++.so.5 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5 (0x40027000)
+ libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0x400e1000)
+ libgcc_s.so.1 => /mnt/hd/bld/gcc/gcc/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x40103000)
+ libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x4010c000)
+ /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00355000)
+
+</pre>
+
+<p> Then, the "C" compiler is used to compile a source file that uses
+functions from each library.</p>
+<pre>
+gcc test.c -g -O2 -L. -lone -ltwo /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Which gives the expected:
+</p>
+<pre>
+%ldd a.out
+ libstdc++.so.5 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5 (0x00764000)
+ libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x40015000)
+ libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x0036d000)
+ libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0x004a8000)
+ libgcc_s.so.1 => /mnt/hd/bld/gcc/gcc/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x400e5000)
+ /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00355000)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This resulting binary, when executed, will be able to safely use code
+from both liba, and the dependent libstdc++.so.6, and libb, with the
+dependent libstdc++.so.5.
+</p>
+
+<h3 class="left">
+ <a name="references">Bibliography / Further Reading</a>
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+ABIcheck, a vague idea of checking ABI compatibility
+http://abicheck.sourceforge.net/
+
+<p>
+C++ ABI reference
+http://www.codesourcery.com/cxx-abi/
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Intel ABI documentation
+"Intel® Compilers for Linux* -Compatibility with the GNU Compilers"
+(included in icc 6.0)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Sun Solaris 2.9 docs
+Linker and Libraries Guide (document 816-1386)
+C++ Migration Guide (document 816-2459)
+http://docs.sun.com/db/prod/solaris.9
+http://docs.sun.com/?p=/doc/816-1386&a=load
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ulrich Drepper, "ELF Symbol Versioning"
+http://people.redhat.com/drepper/symbol-versioning
+</p>
+++ /dev/null
-
-2002-10-14 Benjamin Kosnik
-
-Description of the libstdc++ ABI.
-
-I. What is an ABI? What's covered? What's not?
-
-- scope of document, of use to system integrators.
-
-- What's the deal with C++? Why can't different compiler's object
- files link with each other? Bug? Feature?
-
-- compilation includes and linked library binary must match up..
-
-- shared library only, static is immutable.
-
-- What's an ABI?
-
-- library ABI, compiler ABI different issues, (but related)
-
-- GNU C++ does not have a compiler command line option to switch
- between various different C++ ABIs. For instance, there is no way to
- switch between the gcc-3.0.x ABI, gcc-3.1.x ABI, and the gcc-3.2.x
- ABI during compilation. Other C++ compilers do allow this, and some
- g++ command line options may change the ABI (-fno-exceptions, see
- the complete list), but there is no version switch. Sorry.
-
- To use a specific C++ABI, one must use the corresponding GNU C++
- toolchain.
-
-- How can this complexity be managed? What does C++ versioning mean?
- Because library and compiler changes often make binaries compiled
- with one version of the GNU tools incompatible with binaries
- compiled with other (either newer or older) versions of the same GNU
- tools, specific techniques are used to make managing this complexity
- easier.
-
- The following techniques are used:
-
- - Release versioning on the libgcc_s.so binary.
-
- It is versioned as follows:
- gcc-3.0.0: libgcc_s.so.1
- gcc-3.0.1: libgcc_s.so.1
- gcc-3.0.2: libgcc_s.so.1
- gcc-3.0.3: libgcc_s.so.1
- gcc-3.0.4: libgcc_s.so.1
- gcc-3.1.0: libgcc_s.so.1
- gcc-3.1.1: libgcc_s.so.1
- gcc-3.2.0: libgcc_s.so.1
-
-
- - Release versioning on the libstdc++.so binary.
-
- It is versioned as follows:
- gcc-3.0.0: libstdc++.so.3.0.0
- gcc-3.0.1: libstdc++.so.3.0.1
- gcc-3.0.2: libstdc++.so.3.0.2
- gcc-3.0.3: libstdc++.so.3.0.2 (Error, should be libstdc++.so.3.0.3)
- gcc-3.0.4: libstdc++.so.3.0.4
- gcc-3.1.0: libstdc++.so.4.0.0
- gcc-3.1.1: libstdc++.so.4.0.1
- gcc-3.2.0: libstdc++.so.5.0.0
-
-
- - Symbol versioning on the libgcc_s.so binary.
-
- file: gcc/libgcc-std.ver
-
- It is versioned as follows:
- gcc-3.0.0: GCC_3.0
- gcc-3.0.1: GCC_3.0
- gcc-3.0.2: GCC_3.0
- gcc-3.0.3: GCC_3.0
- gcc-3.0.4: GCC_3.0
- gcc-3.1.0: GCC_3.0
- gcc-3.1.1: GCC_3.0
- gcc-3.2.0: GCC_3.0
-
-
- - Symbol versioning on the libstdc++.so binary.
-
- It is versioned as follows:
- gcc-3.0.0: (Error, unversioned)
- gcc-3.0.1: (Error, unversioned)
- gcc-3.0.2: (Error, unversioned)
- gcc-3.0.3: (Error, unversioned)
- gcc-3.0.4: (Error, unversioned)
- gcc-3.1.0: GLIBCPP_3.1, CXXABI_1
- gcc-3.1.1: GLIBCPP_3.1, CXXABI_1
- gcc-3.2.0: GLIBCPP_3.2, CXXABI_1.2
-
- file: libstdc++-v3/config/linker-map.gnu
-
-
- - Incremental bumping of a compiler pre-defined macro,
- __GXX_ABI_VERSION. This macro is defined as the version of the
- compiler v3 ABI, with g++ 3.0.x being version 100. This macro will
- be automatically defined whenever g++ is used (the curious can
- test this by invoking g++ with the '-v' flag.)
-
- This macro is defined in the file "lang-specs.h" in the gcc/cp directory.
- Later versions define it in "c-common.c" in the gcc directory.
-
- It is versioned as follows:
- gcc-3.0.x: 100
- gcc-3.1.x: 100 (Error, should be 101)
- gcc-3.2.x: 102
-
-
- - Incremental bumping of a library pre-defined macro, __GLIBCPP__ or
- __GLIBCXX__. This macro is defined as the date the library was
- released, in compressed ISO date format, as an unsigned long.
-
- This macro is defined in the file "c++config" in the
- "libstdc++-v3/include/bits" directory and is changed every night
- by an automated script.
-
- It is versioned as follows:
- gcc-3.0.0: 20010615
- gcc-3.0.1: 20010819
- gcc-3.0.2: 20011023
- gcc-3.0.3: 20011220
- gcc-3.0.4: 20020220
- gcc-3.1.0: 20020514
- gcc-3.1.1: 20020725
- gcc-3.2.0: 20020814
-
-
- - Incremental bumping of a library pre-defined macro,
- _GLIBCPP_VERSION. This macro is defined as the released version of
- the library, as a string literal. This is only implemented in
- gcc-3.1.0 releases and higher, and changed to _GLIBCXX_VERSION in 3.4.
-
- This macro is defined in the file "c++config" in the
- "libstdc++-v3/include/bits" directory and is generated
- automatically by autoconf as part of the configure-time generation
- of config.h.
-
- It is versioned as follows:
- gcc-3.0.0: "3.0.0"
- gcc-3.0.1: "3.0.0" (Error, should be "3.0.1")
- gcc-3.0.2: "3.0.0" (Error, should be "3.0.2")
- gcc-3.0.3: "3.0.0" (Error, should be "3.0.3")
- gcc-3.0.4: "3.0.0" (Error, should be "3.0.4")
- gcc-3.1.0: "3.1.0"
- gcc-3.1.1: "3.1.1"
- gcc-3.2.0: "3.2"
-
-
- - Matching each specific C++ compiler release to a specific set of
- C++ include files. This is only implemented in gcc-3.1.1 releases
- and higher.
-
- All C++ includes are installed in include/c++, then nest in a
- directory hierarchy corresponding to the C++ compiler's released
- version. This version corresponds to the variable "gcc_version" in
- "libstdc++-v3/acinclude.m4," and more details can be found in that
- file's macro GLIBCPP_CONFIGURE.
-
- C++ includes are versioned as follows:
- gcc-3.0.0: include/g++-v3
- gcc-3.0.1: include/g++-v3
- gcc-3.0.2: include/g++-v3
- gcc-3.0.3: include/g++-v3
- gcc-3.0.4: include/g++-v3
- gcc-3.1.0: include/g++-v3
- gcc-3.1.1: include/c++/3.1.1
- gcc-3.2.0: include/c++/3.2
-
- Taken together, these techniques can accurately specify interface
- and implementation changes in the GNU C++ tools themselves. Used
- properly, they allow both the GNU C++ tools implementation, and
- programs using them, an evolving yet controlled development that
- maintains backward compatibility.
-
-- Minimum environment that supports a versioned ABI: what's needed? A
- supported dynamic linker, a GNU linker of sufficient vintage to
- understand demangled C++ name globbing (ld), a shared executable
- compiled with g++, and shared libraries (libgcc_s, libstdc++-v3)
- compiled by a compiler (g++) with a compatible ABI. Phew.
-
- On top of all that, an additional constraint: libstdc++ did not
- attempt to version symbols (or age gracefully, really) until version
- 3.1.0.
-
- Most modern Linux and BSD versions, particularly ones using
- gcc-3.1.x tools, will meet the requirements above.
-
-- What configure options impact symbol versioning?
-
- It turns out that most of the configure options that change default
- behavior will impact the mangled names of exported symbols, and thus
- impact versioning and compatibility.
-
- For more information on configure options, including ABI impacts, see:
- http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/configopts.html
-
- There is one flag that explicitly deals with symbol versioning:
- --enable-symvers.
-
- In particular, libstdc++-v3/acinclude.m4 has a macro called
- GLIBCXX_ENABLE_SYMVERS that defaults to yes (or the argument passed
- in via --enable-symvers=foo). At that point, the macro attempts to
- make sure that all the requirement for symbol versioning are in
- place. For more information, please consult acinclude.m4.
-
-- How can I tell if symbol versioning is, indeed, active?
-
- When the GNU C++ library is being built with symbol versioning on,
- you should see the following at configure time for libstdc++-v3:
-
- checking versioning on shared library symbols... gnu
-
- If you don't see this line in the configure output, or if this line
- appears but the last word is 'no', then you are out of luck.
-
- If the compiler is pre-installed, a quick way to test is to compile
- the following (or any) simple C++ file:
-
-#include <iostream>
-
-int main()
-{ std::cout << "hello" << std::endl; return 0; }
-
-%g++ hello.cc -o hello.out
-%nm hello.out
-
-If you see symbols in the resulting output with "GLIBCPP_3.x" as part
-of the name, then the executable is versioned. Here's an example:
-
- U _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@@GLIBCPP_3.1
-
-
-II. Library ABI changes
-
-The following will cause the library major version number to
-increase, say from "libstdc++.so.3.0.4" to "libstdc++.so.4.0.0".
-
-- (anything) changing in the gcc/g++ compiler ABI
-
-- (anything) changing size of an exported symbol
-
-- (anything) changing alignment of an exported symbol
-
-- (anything) changing the layout of an exported symbol
-
-- (anything) changing mangling on an exported symbol
-
-- (anything) deleting an exported symbol
-
-- (anything) changing the size, alignment, or layout of types
- specified in the C++ standard. These may not necessarily be
- instantiated or otherwise exported in the library binary, and
- include all the required locale facets, as well as things like
- std::basic_streambuf, et al.
-
-Note: adding an exported symbol, if it's in a new and dependent
-interface name, is ok.
-
-The following will cause the library revision version number to
-increase, say from "libstdc++.so.5.0.0" to "libstdc++.so.5.0.1".
-
-- any release of the gcc toolchain.
-
-
-III. Versioning
-
-- include files
-
- - versioning headers with version, why necessary
- (need to control member/non-member functions, add delete files)
-
-- shared library binaries
-
- - release versions
-
- - libtool versions
-
- - when does so version get a bump? what are the options?
-
- - how is the link map used?
-
- - in an non-abi breaking minor release, how are symbols added?
- removed?
-
- - in an abi-breaking major release, what happens? symbol fall back
-
-
-IV. Testing ABI changes
-
-Testing for GNU C++ ABI changes is composed of two distinct areas:
-testing the C++ compiler (g++) for compiler changes, and testing the
-C++ library (libstdc++) for library changes.
-
-Testing the C++ compiler ABI can be done various ways.
-
-One.
-Intel ABI checker. More information can be obtained
-<a href="http://developer.intel.com/software/products/opensource/">here.</a>
-
-Two.
-The second is yet unreleased, but has been announced on the gcc
-mailing list. It is yet unspecified if these tools will be freely
-available, and able to be included in a GNU project. Please contact
-Mark Mitchell (mark@codesourcery.com) for more details, and current
-status.
-
-Three.
-Involves using the vlad.consistency test framework. This has also been
-discussed on the gcc mailing lists.
-
-Testing the C++ library ABI can also be done various ways.
-
-One.
-(Brendan Kehoe, Jeff Law suggestion to run 'make check-c++' two ways,
-one with a new compiler and an old library, and the other with an old
-compiler and a new library, and look for testsuite regressions)
-
-Details on how to set this kind of test up can be found here:
-http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-08/msg00142.html
-
-Two.
-Use the 'make check-abi' rule in the libstdc++-v3 Makefile.
-
-This is a proactive check the library ABI. Currently, exported symbol
-names that are either weak or defined are checked against a last known
-good baseline. Currently, this baseline is keyed off of 3.2.0
-binaries, as this was the last time the .so number was incremented. In
-addition, all exported names are demangled, and the exported objects
-are checked to make sure they are the same size as the same object in
-the baseline.
-
-This dataset is insufficient, yet a start. Also needed is a
-comprehensive check for all user-visible types part of the standard
-library for sizeof() and alignof() changes.
-
-Verifying compatible layouts of objects is not even attempted. It
-should be possible to use sizeof, alignof, and offsetof to compute
-offsets for each structure and type in the standard library, saving to
-another datafile. Then, compute this in a similar way for new
-binaries, and look for differences.
-
-Another approach might be to use the -fdump-class-hierarchy flag to
-get information. However, currently this approach gives insufficient
-data for use in library testing, as class data members, their offsets,
-and other detailed data is not displayed with this flag.
-(See g++/7470 on how this was used to find bugs.)
-
-Perhaps there are other C++ ABI checkers. If so, please notify
-us. We'd like to know about them!
-
-
-V. Issues not directly addressed, and possible suggestions
-
-- what to do about multi-ABI systems (nathan scenario)?
-
- - compatibility libs
-
- --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs
-
- - Alexandre Oliva proposal to have extended name attributes, modify ld
-
- - directory-level versioning
-
-- wrapping C++ API's in "C" to use the C ABI.
-
-
-V. References
-
-ABIcheck, a vague idea of checking ABI compatibility
-http://abicheck.sourceforge.net/
-
-C++ ABI reference
-http://www.codesourcery.com/cxx-abi/
-
-Intel ABI documentation
-"Intel® Compilers for Linux* -Compatibility with the GNU Compilers"
-(included in icc 6.0)
-
-Sun Solaris 2.9 docs
-Linker and Libraries Guide (document 816-1386)
-C++ Migration Guide (document 816-2459)
-http://docs.sun.com/db/prod/solaris.9
-http://docs.sun.com/?p=/doc/816-1386&a=load
-
-Ulrich Drepper, "ELF Symbol Versioning"
-http://people.redhat.com/drepper/symbol-versioning
-
<ul>
<li><a href="17_intro/COPYING">License</a>
- GPL v2 license terms</li>
- <li><a href="abi.txt">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></li>
+ <li><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></li>
<li><a href="17_intro/BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
<li><a href="17_intro/PROBLEMS">PROBLEMS</a>
- target-specific known issues</li>
namespace std
{
-
/// pair holds two objects of arbitrary type.
- template <class _T1, class _T2>
+ template<class _T1, class _T2>
struct pair
{
typedef _T1 first_type; ///< @c first_type is the first bound type
/** The default constructor creates @c first and @c second using their
* respective default constructors. */
pair()
- : first(), second() {}
+ : first(), second() { }
/** Two objects may be passed to a @c pair constructor to be copied. */
pair(const _T1& __a, const _T2& __b)
- : first(__a), second(__b) {}
+ : first(__a), second(__b) { }
/** There is also a templated copy ctor for the @c pair class itself. */
- template <class _U1, class _U2>
+ template<class _U1, class _U2>
pair(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __p)
- : first(__p.first), second(__p.second) {}
+ : first(__p.first), second(__p.second) { }
};
/// Two pairs of the same type are equal iff their members are equal.
- template <class _T1, class _T2>
+ template<class _T1, class _T2>
inline bool
operator==(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
{ return __x.first == __y.first && __x.second == __y.second; }
/// <http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/20_util/howto.html#pairlt>
- template <class _T1, class _T2>
+ template<class _T1, class _T2>
inline bool
operator<(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
{ return __x.first < __y.first
|| (!(__y.first < __x.first) && __x.second < __y.second); }
/// Uses @c operator== to find the result.
- template <class _T1, class _T2>
+ template<class _T1, class _T2>
inline bool
operator!=(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
{ return !(__x == __y); }
/// Uses @c operator< to find the result.
- template <class _T1, class _T2>
+ template<class _T1, class _T2>
inline bool
operator>(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
{ return __y < __x; }
/// Uses @c operator< to find the result.
- template <class _T1, class _T2>
+ template<class _T1, class _T2>
inline bool
operator<=(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
{ return !(__y < __x); }
/// Uses @c operator< to find the result.
- template <class _T1, class _T2>
+ template<class _T1, class _T2>
inline bool
operator>=(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
{ return !(__x < __y); }
* but LWG issue #181 says they should be passed by const value. We follow
* the LWG by default.
*/
- template <class _T1, class _T2>
-
// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
// 181. make_pair() unintended behavior
- inline pair<_T1, _T2>
- make_pair(_T1 __x, _T2 __y)
- { return pair<_T1, _T2>(__x, __y); }
-
+ template<class _T1, class _T2>
+ inline pair<_T1, _T2>
+ make_pair(_T1 __x, _T2 __y) { return pair<_T1, _T2>(__x, __y); }
} // namespace std
#endif /* _PAIR_H */
-
-// Local Variables:
-// mode:C++
-// End:
CXXLINK = \
$(LIBTOOL) --tag=CXX --mode=link $(CXX) \
-R $(GLIBGCC_DIR) -R $(GLIBCXX_DIR) \
- $(AM_CXXFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
-
-# Generated lists of files to run. All of these names are valid make
-# targets, if you wish to generate a list manually.
-lists_of_files = \
- testsuite_files \
- testsuite_files_interactive \
- testsuite_files_performance
+ $(AM_CXXFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -lv3test -L. -o $@
## Build support library.
noinst_LIBRARIES = libv3test.a
-libv3test_a_SOURCES = testsuite_hooks.cc testsuite_allocator.cc
+libv3test_a_SOURCES = \
+ testsuite_abi.cc \
+ testsuite_allocator.cc \
+ testsuite_hooks.cc
## Build support utilities.
if GLIBCXX_TEST_ABI
noinst_PROGRAMS =
endif
abi_check_SOURCES = abi_check.cc
+abi_check_DEPENDENCIES = libv3test.a
all-local: stamp_wchar testsuite_files
stamp_wchar:
endif
+# Generated lists of files to run. All of these names are valid make
+# targets, if you wish to generate a list manually.
+lists_of_files = \
+ testsuite_files \
+ testsuite_files_interactive \
+ testsuite_files_performance
+
+
# We need more things in site.exp, but automake completely controls the
# creation of that file; there's no way to append to it without messing up
# the dependancy chains. So we overrule automake. This rule is exactly
LIBRARIES = $(noinst_LIBRARIES)
libv3test_a_AR = $(AR) $(ARFLAGS)
libv3test_a_LIBADD =
-am_libv3test_a_OBJECTS = testsuite_hooks.$(OBJEXT) \
- testsuite_allocator.$(OBJEXT)
+am_libv3test_a_OBJECTS = testsuite_abi.$(OBJEXT) \
+ testsuite_allocator.$(OBJEXT) testsuite_hooks.$(OBJEXT)
libv3test_a_OBJECTS = $(am_libv3test_a_OBJECTS)
PROGRAMS = $(noinst_PROGRAMS)
am_abi_check_OBJECTS = abi_check.$(OBJEXT)
CXXLINK = \
$(LIBTOOL) --tag=CXX --mode=link $(CXX) \
-R $(GLIBGCC_DIR) -R $(GLIBCXX_DIR) \
- $(AM_CXXFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
+ $(AM_CXXFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -lv3test -L. -o $@
+noinst_LIBRARIES = libv3test.a
+libv3test_a_SOURCES = \
+ testsuite_abi.cc \
+ testsuite_allocator.cc \
+ testsuite_hooks.cc
+
+abi_check_SOURCES = abi_check.cc
+abi_check_DEPENDENCIES = libv3test.a
# Generated lists of files to run. All of these names are valid make
# targets, if you wish to generate a list manually.
testsuite_files_interactive \
testsuite_files_performance
-noinst_LIBRARIES = libv3test.a
-libv3test_a_SOURCES = testsuite_hooks.cc testsuite_allocator.cc
-abi_check_SOURCES = abi_check.cc
baseline_file = ${baseline_dir}/baseline_symbols.txt
extract_symvers = $(glibcxx_srcdir)/scripts/extract_symvers
-// Utility for libstdc++ ABI analysis -*- C++ -*-
-
-// Copyright (C) 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-//
-// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
-// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
-// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-// any later version.
-
-// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
-// with this library; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
-// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
-// USA.
-
-// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
-// library without restriction. Specifically, if other files instantiate
-// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
-// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
-// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
-// the GNU General Public License. This exception does not however
-// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
-// the GNU General Public License.
+// -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
+// your option) any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+// General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this library; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
+// the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
+// MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free
+// software library without restriction. Specifically, if other files
+// instantiate templates or use macros or inline functions from this
+// file, or you compile this file and link it with other files to
+// produce an executable, this file does not by itself cause the
+// resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public
+// License. This exception does not however invalidate any other
+// reasons why the executable file might be covered by the GNU General
+// Public License.
// Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
// Blame subsequent hacks on Loren J. Rittle <ljrittle@acm.org>, Phil
// Edwards <pme@gcc.gnu.org>, and a cast of dozens at libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org.
-
-#include <string>
-#include <ext/hash_map>
-#include <deque>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <fstream>
+
+#include "testsuite_abi.h"
#include <iostream>
-#include <cxxabi.h>
-#include <stdlib.h> // for system(3)
-#include <unistd.h> // for access(2)
-
-struct symbol_info
-{
- enum category { none, function, object, error };
- category type;
- std::string name;
- std::string demangled_name;
- int size;
- std::string version_name;
-
- symbol_info() : type(none), size(0) { }
-
- symbol_info(const symbol_info& other)
- : type(other.type), name(other.name), demangled_name(other.demangled_name),
- size(other.size), version_name(other.version_name) { }
-};
-
-namespace __gnu_cxx
-{
- using namespace std;
-
- template<>
- struct hash<string>
- {
- size_t operator()(const string& s) const
- {
- const collate<char>& c = use_facet<collate<char> >(locale::classic());
- return c.hash(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());
- }
- };
-}
-
-typedef std::deque<std::string> symbol_names;
-typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_map<std::string, symbol_info> symbol_infos;
-
-
-bool
-check_version(const symbol_info& test, bool added = false)
-{
- typedef std::vector<std::string> compat_list;
- static compat_list known_versions;
- if (known_versions.empty())
- {
- known_versions.push_back("GLIBCPP_3.2"); // base version
- known_versions.push_back("GLIBCPP_3.2.1");
- known_versions.push_back("GLIBCPP_3.2.2");
- known_versions.push_back("GLIBCPP_3.2.3"); // gcc-3.3.0
- known_versions.push_back("GLIBCXX_3.4");
- known_versions.push_back("CXXABI_1.2");
- known_versions.push_back("CXXABI_1.2.1");
- known_versions.push_back("CXXABI_1.3");
- }
- compat_list::iterator begin = known_versions.begin();
- compat_list::iterator end = known_versions.end();
-
- // Check version names for compatibility...
- compat_list::iterator it1 = find(begin, end, test.version_name);
-
- // Check for weak label.
- compat_list::iterator it2 = find(begin, end, test.name);
-
- // Check that added symbols aren't added in the base version.
- bool compat = true;
- if (added && test.version_name == known_versions[0])
- compat = false;
-
- if (it1 == end && it2 == end)
- compat = false;
-
- return compat;
-}
-
-bool
-check_compatible(const symbol_info& lhs, const symbol_info& rhs,
- bool verbose = false)
-{
- using namespace std;
- bool ret = true;
- const char tab = '\t';
-
- // Check to see if symbol_infos are compatible.
- if (lhs.type != rhs.type)
- {
- ret = false;
- if (verbose)
- {
- cout << tab << "incompatible types" << endl;
- }
- }
-
- if (lhs.name != rhs.name)
- {
- ret = false;
- if (verbose)
- {
- cout << tab << "incompatible names" << endl;
- }
- }
-
- if (lhs.size != rhs.size)
- {
- ret = false;
- if (verbose)
- {
- cout << tab << "incompatible sizes" << endl;
- cout << tab << lhs.size << endl;
- cout << tab << rhs.size << endl;
- }
- }
-
- if (lhs.version_name != rhs.version_name
- && !check_version(lhs) && !check_version(rhs))
- {
- ret = false;
- if (verbose)
- {
- cout << tab << "incompatible versions" << endl;
- cout << tab << lhs.version_name << endl;
- cout << tab << rhs.version_name << endl;
- }
- }
-
- if (verbose)
- cout << endl;
-
- return ret;
-}
-
-const char*
-demangle(const std::string& mangled)
-{
- const char* name;
- if (mangled[0] != '_' || mangled[1] != 'Z')
- {
- // This is not a mangled symbol, thus has "C" linkage.
- name = mangled.c_str();
- }
- else
- {
- // Use __cxa_demangle to demangle.
- int status = 0;
- name = abi::__cxa_demangle(mangled.c_str(), 0, 0, &status);
- if (!name)
- {
- switch (status)
- {
- case 0:
- name = "error code = 0: success";
- break;
- case -1:
- name = "error code = -1: memory allocation failure";
- break;
- case -2:
- name = "error code = -2: invalid mangled name";
- break;
- case -3:
- name = "error code = -3: invalid arguments";
- break;
- default:
- name = "error code unknown - who knows what happened";
- }
- }
- }
- return name;
-}
-
-void
-line_to_symbol_info(std::string& input, symbol_info& output)
-{
- using namespace std;
- const char delim = ':';
- const char version_delim = '@';
- const string::size_type npos = string::npos;
- string::size_type n = 0;
-
- // Set the type.
- if (input.find("FUNC") == 0)
- output.type = symbol_info::function;
- else if (input.find("OBJECT") == 0)
- output.type = symbol_info::object;
- else
- output.type = symbol_info::error;
- n = input.find_first_of(delim);
- if (n != npos)
- input.erase(input.begin(), input.begin() + n + 1);
-
- // Iff object, get size info.
- if (output.type == symbol_info::object)
- {
- n = input.find_first_of(delim);
- if (n != npos)
- {
- string size(input.begin(), input.begin() + n);
- istringstream iss(size);
- int x;
- iss >> x;
- if (!iss.fail())
- output.size = x;
- input.erase(input.begin(), input.begin() + n + 1);
- }
- }
-
- // Set the name.
- n = input.find_first_of(version_delim);
- if (n != npos)
- {
- // Found version string.
- output.name = string(input.begin(), input.begin() + n);
- n = input.find_last_of(version_delim);
- input.erase(input.begin(), input.begin() + n + 1);
-
- // Set version name.
- output.version_name = input;
- }
- else
- {
- // No versioning info.
- output.name = string(input.begin(), input.end());
- input.erase(input.begin(), input.end());
- }
-
- // Set the demangled name.
- output.demangled_name = demangle(output.name);
-}
-
-void
-create_symbol_data(const char* file, symbol_infos& symbols,
- symbol_names& names)
-{
- // Parse list of symbols in file into vectors of symbol_info.
- // For 3.2.0 on x86/linux, this usually is
- // 947 non-weak symbols
- // 2084 weak symbols
- using namespace std;
- ifstream ifs(file);
- if (ifs.is_open())
- {
- // Organize input into container of symbol_info objects.
- const string empty;
- string line = empty;
- while (getline(ifs, line).good())
- {
- symbol_info symbol;
- line_to_symbol_info(line, symbol);
- symbols[symbol.name] = symbol;
- names.push_back(symbol.name);
- line = empty;
- }
- }
-}
-
-void
-report_symbol_info(const symbol_info& symbol, std::size_t n, bool ret = true)
-{
- using namespace std;
- const char tab = '\t';
-
- // Add any other information to display here.
- cout << tab << symbol.demangled_name << endl;
- cout << tab << symbol.name << endl;
- cout << tab << symbol.version_name << endl;
-
- if (ret)
- cout << endl;
-}
-
int
main(int argc, char** argv)
using namespace std;
// Get arguments. (Heading towards getopt_long, I can feel it.)
- bool verbose = false;
string argv1 = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : "";
if (argv1 == "--help" || argc < 4)
{
cerr << "usage: abi_check --check current baseline\n"
" --check-verbose current baseline\n"
- " --help\n\n"
- "Where CURRENT is a file containing the current results from\n"
- "extract_symvers, and BASELINE is one from config/abi.\n"
+ " --examine symbol current\n"
+ " --help\n"
+ "\n"
+ "All arguments are string literals.\n"
+ "CURRENT is a file generated byextract_symvers.\n"
+ "BASELINE is a file from config/abi.\n"
+ "SYMBOL is a mangled name.\n"
<< endl;
exit(1);
}
- else if (argv1 == "--check-verbose")
- verbose = true;
-
- // Quick sanity/setup check for arguments.
- const char* test_file = argv[2];
- const char* baseline_file = argv[3];
- if (access(test_file, R_OK) != 0)
- {
- cerr << "Cannot read symbols file " << test_file
- << ", did you forget to build first?" << endl;
- exit(1);
- }
- if (access(baseline_file, R_OK) != 0)
- {
- cerr << "Cannot read baseline file " << baseline_file << endl;
- exit(1);
- }
-
- // Input both lists of symbols into container.
- symbol_infos baseline_symbols;
- symbol_names baseline_names;
- symbol_infos test_symbols;
- symbol_names test_names;
- create_symbol_data(baseline_file, baseline_symbols, baseline_names);
- create_symbol_data(test_file, test_symbols, test_names);
-
- // Sanity check results.
- const symbol_names::size_type baseline_size = baseline_names.size();
- const symbol_names::size_type test_size = test_names.size();
- if (!baseline_size || !test_size)
- {
- cerr << "Problems parsing the list of exported symbols." << endl;
- exit(2);
- }
-
- // Sort out names.
- // Assuming baseline_names, test_names are both unique w/ no duplicates.
- //
- // The names added to missing_names are baseline_names not found in
- // test_names
- // -> symbols that have been deleted.
- //
- // The names added to added_names are test_names are names not in
- // baseline_names
- // -> symbols that have been added.
- symbol_names shared_names;
- symbol_names missing_names;
- symbol_names added_names = test_names;
- for (size_t i = 0; i < baseline_size; ++i)
- {
- string what(baseline_names[i]);
- symbol_names::iterator end = added_names.end();
- symbol_names::iterator it = find(added_names.begin(), end, what);
- if (it != end)
+
+ if (argv1.find("--check") != string::npos)
+ {
+ bool verbose = false;
+ if (argv1 == "--check-verbose")
+ verbose = true;
+
+ // Quick sanity/setup check for arguments.
+ const char* test_file = argv[2];
+ const char* baseline_file = argv[3];
+ if (access(test_file, R_OK) != 0)
{
- // Found.
- shared_names.push_back(what);
- added_names.erase(it);
+ cerr << "Cannot read symbols file " << test_file
+ << ", did you forget to build first?" << endl;
+ exit(1);
}
- else
- missing_names.push_back(what);
- }
-
- // Check missing names for compatibility.
- typedef pair<symbol_info, symbol_info> symbol_pair;
- vector<symbol_pair> incompatible;
- for (size_t i = 0; i < missing_names.size(); ++i)
- {
- symbol_info base = baseline_symbols[missing_names[i]];
- incompatible.push_back(symbol_pair(base, base));
- }
-
- // Check shared names for compatibility.
- for (size_t i = 0; i < shared_names.size(); ++i)
- {
- symbol_info base = baseline_symbols[shared_names[i]];
- symbol_info test = test_symbols[shared_names[i]];
- if (!check_compatible(base, test))
- incompatible.push_back(symbol_pair(base, test));
- }
-
- // Check added names for compatibility.
- for (size_t i = 0; i < added_names.size(); ++i)
- {
- symbol_info test = test_symbols[added_names[i]];
- if (!check_version(test, true))
- incompatible.push_back(symbol_pair(test, test));
- }
-
- // Report results.
- if (verbose && added_names.size())
- {
- cout << added_names.size() << " added symbols " << endl;
- for (size_t j = 0; j < added_names.size() ; ++j)
- report_symbol_info(test_symbols[added_names[j]], j + 1);
- }
-
- if (verbose && missing_names.size())
- {
- cout << missing_names.size() << " missing symbols " << endl;
- for (size_t j = 0; j < missing_names.size() ; ++j)
- report_symbol_info(baseline_symbols[missing_names[j]], j + 1);
+ if (access(baseline_file, R_OK) != 0)
+ {
+ cerr << "Cannot read baseline file " << baseline_file << endl;
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ compare_symbols(baseline_file, test_file, verbose);
}
- if (verbose && incompatible.size())
+ if (argv1 == "--examine")
{
- cout << incompatible.size() << " incompatible symbols " << endl;
- for (size_t j = 0; j < incompatible.size() ; ++j)
+ const char* file = argv[3];
+ if (access(file, R_OK) != 0)
{
- // First, report name.
- const symbol_info& base = incompatible[j].first;
- const symbol_info& test = incompatible[j].second;
- report_symbol_info(test, j + 1, false);
-
- // Second, report reason or reasons incompatible.
- check_compatible(base, test, true);
+ cerr << "Cannot read symbol file " << file << endl;
+ exit(1);
}
+ examine_symbol(argv[2], file);
}
-
- cout << "\n\t\t=== libstdc++-v3 check-abi Summary ===" << endl;
- cout << endl;
- cout << "# of added symbols:\t\t " << added_names.size() << endl;
- cout << "# of missing symbols:\t\t " << missing_names.size() << endl;
- cout << "# of incompatible symbols:\t " << incompatible.size() << endl;
- cout << endl;
- cout << "using: " << baseline_file << endl;
-
return 0;
}
--- /dev/null
+// -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
+// your option) any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+// General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this library; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
+// the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
+// MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free
+// software library without restriction. Specifically, if other files
+// instantiate templates or use macros or inline functions from this
+// file, or you compile this file and link it with other files to
+// produce an executable, this file does not by itself cause the
+// resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public
+// License. This exception does not however invalidate any other
+// reasons why the executable file might be covered by the GNU General
+// Public License.
+
+// Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
+
+#include "testsuite_abi.h"
+#include <sstream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+void
+symbol::init(string& data)
+{
+ const char delim = ':';
+ const char version_delim = '@';
+ const string::size_type npos = string::npos;
+ string::size_type n = 0;
+
+ // Set the type.
+ if (data.find("FUNC") == 0)
+ type = symbol::function;
+ else if (data.find("OBJECT") == 0)
+ type = symbol::object;
+ else
+ type = symbol::error;
+ n = data.find_first_of(delim);
+ if (n != npos)
+ data.erase(data.begin(), data.begin() + n + 1);
+
+ // Iff object, get size info.
+ if (type == symbol::object)
+ {
+ n = data.find_first_of(delim);
+ if (n != npos)
+ {
+ string size(data.begin(), data.begin() + n);
+ istringstream iss(size);
+ int x;
+ iss >> x;
+ if (!iss.fail())
+ size = x;
+ data.erase(data.begin(), data.begin() + n + 1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Set the name.
+ n = data.find_first_of(version_delim);
+ if (n != npos)
+ {
+ // Found version string.
+ name = string(data.begin(), data.begin() + n);
+ n = data.find_last_of(version_delim);
+ data.erase(data.begin(), data.begin() + n + 1);
+
+ // Set version name.
+ version_name = data;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // No versioning info.
+ name = string(data.begin(), data.end());
+ data.erase(data.begin(), data.end());
+ }
+
+ // Set the demangled name.
+ demangled_name = demangle(name);
+}
+
+void
+symbol::print() const
+{
+ const char tab = '\t';
+ cout << tab << name << endl;
+ cout << tab << demangled_name << endl;
+ cout << tab << version_name << endl;
+
+ string type_string;
+ switch (type)
+ {
+ case none:
+ type_string = "none";
+ break;
+ case function:
+ type_string = "function";
+ break;
+ case object:
+ type_string = "object";
+ break;
+ case error:
+ type_string = "error";
+ break;
+ default:
+ type_string = "<default>";
+ }
+ cout << tab << type_string << endl;
+
+ if (type == object)
+ cout << tab << size << endl;
+
+ string status_string;
+ switch (status)
+ {
+ case unknown:
+ status_string = "unknown";
+ break;
+ case added:
+ status_string = "added";
+ break;
+ case subtracted:
+ status_string = "subtracted";
+ break;
+ case compatible:
+ status_string = "compatible";
+ break;
+ case incompatible:
+ status_string = "incompatible";
+ break;
+ default:
+ status_string = "<default>";
+ }
+ cout << tab << status_string << endl;
+}
+
+
+bool
+check_version(const symbol& test, bool added)
+{
+ typedef std::vector<std::string> compat_list;
+ static compat_list known_versions;
+ if (known_versions.empty())
+ {
+ known_versions.push_back("GLIBCPP_3.2"); // base version
+ known_versions.push_back("GLIBCPP_3.2.1");
+ known_versions.push_back("GLIBCPP_3.2.2");
+ known_versions.push_back("GLIBCPP_3.2.3"); // gcc-3.3.0
+ known_versions.push_back("GLIBCXX_3.4");
+ known_versions.push_back("CXXABI_1.2");
+ known_versions.push_back("CXXABI_1.2.1");
+ known_versions.push_back("CXXABI_1.3");
+ }
+ compat_list::iterator begin = known_versions.begin();
+ compat_list::iterator end = known_versions.end();
+
+ // Check version names for compatibility...
+ compat_list::iterator it1 = find(begin, end, test.version_name);
+
+ // Check for weak label.
+ compat_list::iterator it2 = find(begin, end, test.name);
+
+ // Check that added symbols aren't added in the base version.
+ bool compat = true;
+ if (added && test.version_name == known_versions[0])
+ compat = false;
+
+ if (it1 == end && it2 == end)
+ compat = false;
+
+ return compat;
+}
+
+bool
+check_compatible(const symbol& lhs, const symbol& rhs, bool verbose)
+{
+ bool ret = true;
+ const char tab = '\t';
+
+ // Check to see if symbol_objects are compatible.
+ if (lhs.type != rhs.type)
+ {
+ ret = false;
+ if (verbose)
+ cout << tab << "incompatible types" << endl;
+ }
+
+ if (lhs.name != rhs.name)
+ {
+ ret = false;
+ if (verbose)
+ cout << tab << "incompatible names" << endl;
+ }
+
+ if (lhs.size != rhs.size)
+ {
+ ret = false;
+ if (verbose)
+ {
+ cout << tab << "incompatible sizes" << endl;
+ cout << tab << lhs.size << endl;
+ cout << tab << rhs.size << endl;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (lhs.version_name != rhs.version_name
+ && !check_version(lhs) && !check_version(rhs))
+ {
+ ret = false;
+ if (verbose)
+ {
+ cout << tab << "incompatible versions" << endl;
+ cout << tab << lhs.version_name << endl;
+ cout << tab << rhs.version_name << endl;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (verbose)
+ cout << endl;
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+bool
+has_symbol(const string& mangled, const symbols& s) throw()
+{
+ const symbol_names& names = s.first;
+ symbol_names::const_iterator i = find(names.begin(), names.end(), mangled);
+ return i != names.end();
+}
+
+symbol&
+get_symbol(const string& mangled, const symbols& s)
+{
+ const symbol_names& names = s.first;
+ symbol_names::const_iterator i = find(names.begin(), names.end(), mangled);
+ if (i != names.end())
+ {
+ symbol_objects objects = s.second;
+ return objects[mangled];
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ ostringstream os;
+ os << "get_symbol failed for symbol " << mangled;
+ throw symbol_error(os.str());
+ }
+}
+
+void
+examine_symbol(const char* name, const char* file)
+{
+ try
+ {
+ symbols s = create_symbols(file);
+ symbol& sym = get_symbol(name, s);
+ sym.print();
+ }
+ catch(...)
+ { throw; }
+}
+
+void
+compare_symbols(const char* baseline_file, const char* test_file,
+ bool verbose)
+{
+ // Input both lists of symbols into container.
+ symbols baseline = create_symbols(baseline_file);
+ symbols test = create_symbols(test_file);
+ symbol_names& baseline_names = baseline.first;
+ symbol_objects& baseline_objects = baseline.second;
+ symbol_names& test_names = test.first;
+ symbol_objects& test_objects = test.second;
+
+ // Sanity check results.
+ const symbol_names::size_type baseline_size = baseline_names.size();
+ const symbol_names::size_type test_size = test_names.size();
+ if (!baseline_size || !test_size)
+ {
+ cerr << "Problems parsing the list of exported symbols." << endl;
+ exit(2);
+ }
+
+ // Sort out names.
+ // Assuming baseline_names, test_names are both unique w/ no duplicates.
+ //
+ // The names added to missing_names are baseline_names not found in
+ // test_names
+ // -> symbols that have been deleted.
+ //
+ // The names added to added_names are test_names are names not in
+ // baseline_names
+ // -> symbols that have been added.
+ symbol_names shared_names;
+ symbol_names missing_names;
+ symbol_names added_names = test_names;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < baseline_size; ++i)
+ {
+ string what(baseline_names[i]);
+ symbol_names::iterator end = added_names.end();
+ symbol_names::iterator it = find(added_names.begin(), end, what);
+ if (it != end)
+ {
+ // Found.
+ shared_names.push_back(what);
+ added_names.erase(it);
+ }
+ else
+ missing_names.push_back(what);
+ }
+
+ // Check missing names for compatibility.
+ typedef pair<symbol, symbol> symbol_pair;
+ vector<symbol_pair> incompatible;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < missing_names.size(); ++i)
+ {
+ symbol base = baseline_objects[missing_names[i]];
+ incompatible.push_back(symbol_pair(base, base));
+ }
+
+ // Check shared names for compatibility.
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < shared_names.size(); ++i)
+ {
+ symbol base = baseline_objects[shared_names[i]];
+ symbol test = test_objects[shared_names[i]];
+ if (!check_compatible(base, test))
+ incompatible.push_back(symbol_pair(base, test));
+ }
+
+ // Check added names for compatibility.
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < added_names.size(); ++i)
+ {
+ symbol test = test_objects[added_names[i]];
+ if (!check_version(test, true))
+ incompatible.push_back(symbol_pair(test, test));
+ }
+
+ // Report results.
+ if (verbose && added_names.size())
+ {
+ cout << added_names.size() << " added symbols " << endl;
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < added_names.size() ; ++j)
+ test_objects[added_names[j]].print();
+ }
+
+ if (verbose && missing_names.size())
+ {
+ cout << missing_names.size() << " missing symbols " << endl;
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < missing_names.size() ; ++j)
+ baseline_objects[missing_names[j]].print();
+ }
+
+ if (verbose && incompatible.size())
+ {
+ cout << incompatible.size() << " incompatible symbols " << endl;
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < incompatible.size() ; ++j)
+ {
+ // First, report name.
+ const symbol& base = incompatible[j].first;
+ const symbol& test = incompatible[j].second;
+ test.print();
+
+ // Second, report reason or reasons incompatible.
+ check_compatible(base, test, true);
+ }
+ }
+
+ cout << "\n\t\t=== libstdc++-v3 check-abi Summary ===" << endl;
+ cout << endl;
+ cout << "# of added symbols:\t\t " << added_names.size() << endl;
+ cout << "# of missing symbols:\t\t " << missing_names.size() << endl;
+ cout << "# of incompatible symbols:\t " << incompatible.size() << endl;
+ cout << endl;
+ cout << "using: " << baseline_file << endl;
+}
+
+
+symbols
+create_symbols(const char* file)
+{
+ symbols s;
+ ifstream ifs(file);
+ if (ifs.is_open())
+ {
+ // Organize file data into container of symbol objects.
+ symbol_names& names = s.first;
+ symbol_objects& objects = s.second;
+ const string empty;
+ string line = empty;
+ while (getline(ifs, line).good())
+ {
+ symbol tmp;
+ tmp.init(line);
+ objects[tmp.name] = tmp;
+ names.push_back(tmp.name);
+ line = empty;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ ostringstream os;
+ os << "create_symbols failed for file " << file;
+ throw runtime_error(os.str());
+ }
+ return s;
+}
+
+
+const char*
+demangle(const std::string& mangled)
+{
+ const char* name;
+ if (mangled[0] != '_' || mangled[1] != 'Z')
+ {
+ // This is not a mangled symbol, thus has "C" linkage.
+ name = mangled.c_str();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // Use __cxa_demangle to demangle.
+ int status = 0;
+ name = abi::__cxa_demangle(mangled.c_str(), 0, 0, &status);
+ if (!name)
+ {
+ switch (status)
+ {
+ case 0:
+ name = "error code = 0: success";
+ break;
+ case -1:
+ name = "error code = -1: memory allocation failure";
+ break;
+ case -2:
+ name = "error code = -2: invalid mangled name";
+ break;
+ case -3:
+ name = "error code = -3: invalid arguments";
+ break;
+ default:
+ name = "error code unknown - who knows what happened";
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return name;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+// -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
+// your option) any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+// General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this library; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
+// the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
+// MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free
+// software library without restriction. Specifically, if other files
+// instantiate templates or use macros or inline functions from this
+// file, or you compile this file and link it with other files to
+// produce an executable, this file does not by itself cause the
+// resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public
+// License. This exception does not however invalidate any other
+// reasons why the executable file might be covered by the GNU General
+// Public License.
+
+// Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <deque>
+#include <ext/hash_map>
+#include <cxxabi.h>
+
+// Encapsulates symbol characteristics.
+struct symbol
+{
+ enum category { none, function, object, error };
+ enum designation { unknown, added, subtracted, compatible, incompatible };
+ enum compatibility
+ {
+ compat_type = 1,
+ compat_name = 2,
+ compat_size = 4,
+ compat_version = 8
+ };
+
+ category type;
+ std::string name;
+ std::string demangled_name;
+ int size;
+ std::string version_name;
+ designation status;
+
+ symbol() : type(none), size(0), status(unknown) { }
+
+ symbol(const symbol& other)
+ : type(other.type), name(other.name), demangled_name(other.demangled_name),
+ size(other.size), version_name(other.version_name),
+ status(other.status) { }
+
+ void
+ print() const;
+
+ void
+ init(std::string& data);
+};
+
+struct symbol_error : public std::logic_error
+{
+ explicit symbol_error(const std::string& s) : std::logic_error(s) { }
+};
+
+
+typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_map<std::string, symbol> symbol_objects;
+
+typedef std::deque<std::string> symbol_names;
+
+typedef std::pair<symbol_names, symbol_objects> symbols;
+
+
+// Check.
+bool
+check_version(const symbol& test, bool added = false);
+
+bool
+check_compatible(const symbol& lhs, const symbol& rhs, bool verbose = false);
+
+
+// Examine.
+bool
+has_symbol(const std::string& mangled, const symbols& list) throw();
+
+symbol&
+get_symbol(const std::string& mangled, const symbols& list);
+
+extern "C" void
+examine_symbol(const char* name, const char* file);
+
+extern "C" void
+compare_symbols(const char* baseline_file, const char* test_file, bool verb);
+
+
+// Util.
+symbols
+create_symbols(const char* file);
+
+const char*
+demangle(const std::string& mangled);
+
+
+// Specialization.
+namespace __gnu_cxx
+{
+ using namespace std;
+
+ template<>
+ struct hash<string>
+ {
+ size_t operator()(const string& s) const
+ {
+ const collate<char>& c = use_facet<collate<char> >(locale::classic());
+ return c.hash(s.c_str(), s.c_str() + s.size());
+ }
+ };
+}
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