--- /dev/null
+/*
+ * qt-faststart.c, v0.1
+ * by Mike Melanson (melanson@pcisys.net)
+ * This file is placed in the public domain. Use the program however you
+ * see fit.
+ *
+ * This utility rearranges a Quicktime file such that the moov atom
+ * is in front of the data, thus facilitating network streaming.
+ *
+ * Compile this program using:
+ * cc qt-faststart.c -o qt-faststart
+ * Invoke the program with:
+ * qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>
+ *
+ * Notes: Quicktime files can come in many configurations of top-level
+ * atoms. This utility stipulates that the very last atom in the file needs
+ * to be a moov atom. When given such a file, this utility will rearrange
+ * the top-level atoms by shifting the moov atom from the back of the file
+ * to the front, and patch the chunk offsets along the way. This utility
+ * presently only operates on uncompressed moov atoms.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#define BE_16(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[1])
+#define BE_32(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 24) | \
+ (((uint8_t*)(x))[1] << 16) | \
+ (((uint8_t*)(x))[2] << 8) | \
+ ((uint8_t*)(x))[3])
+#define BE_64(x) (((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 56) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[1]) << 48) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[2]) << 40) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[3]) << 32) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[4]) << 24) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[5]) << 16) | \
+ ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[6]) << 8) | \
+ ((uint64_t)((uint8_t*)(x))[7]))
+
+#define BE_FOURCC( ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3 ) \
+ ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch3) | \
+ ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch2) << 8 ) | \
+ ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch1) << 16 ) | \
+ ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch0) << 24 ) )
+
+#define QT_ATOM BE_FOURCC
+/* top level atoms */
+#define FREE_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 'r', 'e', 'e')
+#define JUNK_ATOM QT_ATOM('j', 'u', 'n', 'k')
+#define MDAT_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'd', 'a', 't')
+#define MOOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'o', 'o', 'v')
+#define PNOT_ATOM QT_ATOM('p', 'n', 'o', 't')
+#define SKIP_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 'k', 'i', 'p')
+#define WIDE_ATOM QT_ATOM('w', 'i', 'd', 'e')
+#define PICT_ATOM QT_ATOM('P', 'I', 'C', 'T')
+#define FTYP_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 't', 'y', 'p')
+
+#define CMOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'm', 'o', 'v')
+#define STCO_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 't', 'c', 'o')
+#define CO64_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'o', '6', '4')
+
+#define ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE 8
+#define COPY_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ FILE *infile;
+ FILE *outfile;
+ unsigned char atom_bytes[ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE];
+ uint32_t atom_type = 0;
+ uint64_t atom_size;
+ uint64_t last_offset;
+ unsigned char *moov_atom;
+ uint64_t moov_atom_size;
+ uint64_t i, j;
+ uint32_t offset_count;
+ uint64_t current_offset;
+ unsigned char copy_buffer[COPY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+ int bytes_to_copy;
+
+ if (argc != 3) {
+ printf ("Usage: qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>\n");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
+ if (!infile) {
+ perror(argv[1]);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* traverse through the atoms in the file to make sure that 'moov' is
+ * at the end */
+ while (!feof(infile)) {
+ if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
+ break;
+ }
+ atom_size = BE_32(&atom_bytes[0]);
+ atom_type = BE_32(&atom_bytes[4]);
+
+ if ((atom_type != FREE_ATOM) &&
+ (atom_type != JUNK_ATOM) &&
+ (atom_type != MDAT_ATOM) &&
+ (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) &&
+ (atom_type != PNOT_ATOM) &&
+ (atom_type != SKIP_ATOM) &&
+ (atom_type != WIDE_ATOM) &&
+ (atom_type != PICT_ATOM) &&
+ (atom_type != FTYP_ATOM)) {
+ printf ("encountered non-QT top-level atom (is this a Quicktime file?)\n");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* 64-bit special case */
+ if (atom_size == 1) {
+ if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
+ break;
+ }
+ atom_size = BE_64(&atom_bytes[0]);
+ fseek(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE * 2, SEEK_CUR);
+ } else {
+ fseek(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) {
+ printf ("last atom in file was not a moov atom\n");
+ fclose(infile);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* moov atom was, in fact, the last atom in the chunk; load the whole
+ * moov atom */
+ fseek(infile, -atom_size, SEEK_END);
+ last_offset = (uint64_t)ftell(infile);
+ moov_atom_size = atom_size;
+ moov_atom = malloc(moov_atom_size);
+ if (!moov_atom) {
+ printf ("could not allocate 0x%llX byte for moov atom\n",
+ atom_size);
+ fclose(infile);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ if (fread(moov_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
+ perror(argv[1]);
+ free(moov_atom);
+ fclose(infile);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* this utility does not support compressed atoms yet, so disqualify
+ * files with compressed QT atoms */
+ if (BE_32(&moov_atom[12]) == CMOV_ATOM) {
+ printf ("this utility does not support compressed moov atoms yet\n");
+ free(moov_atom);
+ fclose(infile);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* close; will be re-opened later */
+ fclose(infile);
+
+ /* crawl through the moov chunk in search of stco or co64 atoms */
+ for (i = 4; i < moov_atom_size - 4; i++) {
+ atom_type = BE_32(&moov_atom[i]);
+ if (atom_type == STCO_ATOM) {
+ printf (" patching stco atom...\n");
+ atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
+ if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
+ printf (" bad atom size\n");
+ free(moov_atom);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
+ for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
+ current_offset = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4]);
+ current_offset += moov_atom_size;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 0] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 1] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 2] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 3] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
+ }
+ i += atom_size - 4;
+ } else if (atom_type == CO64_ATOM) {
+ printf (" patching co64 atom...\n");
+ atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
+ if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
+ printf (" bad atom size\n");
+ free(moov_atom);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
+ for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
+ current_offset = BE_64(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8]);
+ current_offset += moov_atom_size;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 0] = (current_offset >> 56) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 1] = (current_offset >> 48) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 2] = (current_offset >> 40) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 3] = (current_offset >> 32) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 4] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 5] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 6] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
+ moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 7] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
+ }
+ i += atom_size - 4;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* re-open the input file and open the output file */
+ infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
+ if (!infile) {
+ perror(argv[1]);
+ free(moov_atom);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ outfile = fopen(argv[2], "wb");
+ if (!outfile) {
+ perror(argv[2]);
+ fclose(outfile);
+ free(moov_atom);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* dump the new moov atom */
+ printf (" writing moov aton...\n");
+ if (fwrite(moov_atom, moov_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
+ perror(argv[2]);
+ goto error_out;
+ }
+
+ /* copy the remainder of the infile, from offset 0 -> last_offset - 1 */
+ printf (" copying rest of file...\n");
+ while (last_offset) {
+ if (last_offset > COPY_BUFFER_SIZE)
+ bytes_to_copy = COPY_BUFFER_SIZE;
+ else
+ bytes_to_copy = last_offset;
+
+ if (fread(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, infile) != 1) {
+ perror(argv[1]);
+ goto error_out;
+ }
+ if (fwrite(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, outfile) != 1) {
+ perror(argv[2]);
+ goto error_out;
+ }
+
+ last_offset -= bytes_to_copy;
+ }
+
+ fclose(infile);
+ fclose(outfile);
+ free(moov_atom);
+
+ return 0;
+
+error_out:
+ fclose(infile);
+ fclose(outfile);
+ free(moov_atom);
+ return 1;
+}
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