2009-03-17 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>

[pf3gnuchains/gcc-fork.git] / libstdc++-v3 / doc / html / manual / bk01pt04ch11.html
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-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 11. Memory</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.2" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10;      ISO C++&#10;    , &#10;      library&#10;    " /><link rel="start" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Documentation" /><link rel="up" href="utilities.html" title="Part IV. Utilities" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt04ch10.html" title="Chapter 10. Pairs" /><link rel="next" href="auto_ptr.html" title="auto_ptr" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 11. Memory</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt04ch10.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. Utilities</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auto_ptr.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.util.memory"></a>Chapter 11. Memory</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#manual.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="auto_ptr.html">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto_ptr.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto_ptr.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="shared_ptr.html">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 11. Memory</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0" /><meta name="keywords" content="&#10;      ISO C++&#10;    , &#10;      library&#10;    " /><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Documentation" /><link rel="up" href="utilities.html" title="Part IV. Utilities" /><link rel="prev" href="bk01pt04ch10.html" title="Chapter 10. Pairs" /><link rel="next" href="auto_ptr.html" title="auto_ptr" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 11. Memory</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bk01pt04ch10.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. Utilities</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auto_ptr.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.util.memory"></a>Chapter 11. Memory</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#manual.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bk01pt04ch11.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="auto_ptr.html">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto_ptr.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto_ptr.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="shared_ptr.html">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="shared_ptr.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
      Memory contains three general areas. First, function and operator
      calls via <code class="function">new</code> and <code class="function">delete</code>
      operator or member function calls.  Second, allocation via
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
      or loading and unloading shared objects in memory. As such, using
      caching allocators on systems that do not support
      <code class="function">abi::__cxa_atexit</code> is not recommended.
-  </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.impl"></a>Implementation</h3></div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id381147"></a>Interface Design</h4></div></div></div><p>
+  </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.impl"></a>Implementation</h3></div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id495307"></a>Interface Design</h4></div></div></div><p>
       The only allocator interface that
       is support is the standard C++ interface. As such, all STL
       containers have been adjusted, and all external allocators have
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
     </p><p> 
       The base class that <code class="classname">allocator</code> is derived from
       may not be user-configurable.
-</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id369986"></a>Selecting Default Allocation Policy</h4></div></div></div><p> 
+</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id462480"></a>Selecting Default Allocation Policy</h4></div></div></div><p> 
       It's difficult to pick an allocation strategy that will provide
     maximum utility, without excessively penalizing some behavior. In
     fact, it's difficult just deciding which typical actions to measure
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
       The current default choice for
       <code class="classname">allocator</code> is
       <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</code>.
-   </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id367405"></a>Disabling Memory Caching</h4></div></div></div><p> 
+   </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id531789"></a>Disabling Memory Caching</h4></div></div></div><p> 
        In use, <code class="classname">allocator</code> may allocate and
        deallocate using implementation-specified strategies and
        heuristics. Because of this, every call to an allocator object's
@@ -305,11 +305,11 @@
          A high-performance allocator that uses a bit-map to keep track
          of the used and unused memory locations. It has its own
          documentation, found <a class="link" href="bitmap_allocator.html" title="bitmap_allocator">here</a>.
-       </p></li></ol></div></div><div class="bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h3></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id434818"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
+       </p></li></ol></div></div><div class="bibliography"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="allocator.biblio"></a>Bibliography</h3></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id505299"></a><p><span class="title"><i>
      ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming languages - C++  
      </i>. </span>
        isoc++_1998
-    <span class="pagenums">20.4 Memory. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id434832"></a><p><span class="title"><i>The Standard Librarian: What Are Allocators Good
+    <span class="pagenums">20.4 Memory. </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id465950"></a><p><span class="title"><i>The Standard Librarian: What Are Allocators Good
      </i>. </span>
        austernm
      <span class="author"><span class="firstname">Matt</span> <span class="surname">Austern</span>. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
@@ -317,28 +317,28 @@
        . </span></span><span class="biblioid">
        <a class="ulink" href="http://www.cuj.com/documents/s=8000/cujcexp1812austern/" target="_top">
        </a>
-    . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id374864"></a><p><span class="title"><i>The Hoard Memory Allocator</i>. </span>
+    . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id515746"></a><p><span class="title"><i>The Hoard Memory Allocator</i>. </span>
        emeryb
      <span class="author"><span class="firstname">Emery</span> <span class="surname">Berger</span>. </span><span class="biblioid">
        <a class="ulink" href="http://www.cs.umass.edu/~emery/hoard/" target="_top">
        </a>
-    . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id429786"></a><p><span class="title"><i>Reconsidering Custom Memory Allocation</i>. </span>
+    . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id507784"></a><p><span class="title"><i>Reconsidering Custom Memory Allocation</i>. </span>
        bergerzorn
      <span class="author"><span class="firstname">Emery</span> <span class="surname">Berger</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ben</span> <span class="surname">Zorn</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Kathryn</span> <span class="surname">McKinley</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2002 OOPSLA. </span><span class="biblioid">
        <a class="ulink" href="http://www.cs.umass.edu/~emery/pubs/berger-oopsla2002.pdf" target="_top">
        </a>
-    . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id379264"></a><p><span class="title"><i>Allocator Types</i>. </span>
+    . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id467782"></a><p><span class="title"><i>Allocator Types</i>. </span>
        kreftlanger
      <span class="author"><span class="firstname">Klaus</span> <span class="surname">Kreft</span>. </span><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Angelika</span> <span class="surname">Langer</span>. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
         C/C++ Users Journal     
        . </span></span><span class="biblioid">
        <a class="ulink" href="http://www.langer.camelot.de/Articles/C++Report/Allocators/Allocators.html" target="_top">
        </a>
-    . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id388071"></a><p><span class="title"><i>The C++ Programming Language</i>. </span>
+    . </span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id470766"></a><p><span class="title"><i>The C++ Programming Language</i>. </span>
        tcpl
      <span class="author"><span class="firstname">Bjarne</span> <span class="surname">Stroustrup</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright © 2000 . </span><span class="pagenums">19.4 Allocators. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
         Addison Wesley
-      . </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id438455"></a><p><span class="title"><i>Yalloc: A Recycling C++ Allocator</i>. </span>
+      . </span></span></p></div><div class="biblioentry"><a id="id468765"></a><p><span class="title"><i>Yalloc: A Recycling C++ Allocator</i>. </span>
        yenf
      <span class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Yen</span>. </span><span class="copyright">Copyright ©  . </span><span class="biblioid">
        <a class="ulink" href="http://home.earthlink.net/~brimar/yalloc/" target="_top">