+++ /dev/null
-
-/***************************************************************************
- * Copyright (C) 2008 by Jonathan Duddington *
- * email: jonsd@users.sourceforge.net *
- * *
- * Based on a re-implementation by: *
- * (c) 1993,94 Jon Iles and Nick Ing-Simmons *
- * of the Klatt cascade-parallel formant synthesizer *
- * *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or *
- * (at your option) any later version. *
- * *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
- * GNU General Public License for more details. *
- * *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License *
- * along with this program; if not, see: *
- * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
- ***************************************************************************/
-
-// See URL: ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/comp.speech/synthesis/klatt.3.04.tar.gz
-
-#include "StdAfx.h"
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "speak_lib.h"
-#include "speech.h"
-#include "klatt.h"
-#include "phoneme.h"
-#include "synthesize.h"
-#include "voice.h"
-
-#ifdef INCLUDE_KLATT // conditional compilation for the whole file
-
-extern unsigned char *out_ptr; // **JSD
-extern unsigned char *out_start;
-extern unsigned char *out_end;
-extern WGEN_DATA wdata;
-static int nsamples;
-static int sample_count;
-
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#define getrandom(min,max) ((rand()%(int)(((max)+1)-(min)))+(min))
-#else
-#define getrandom(min,max) ((rand()%(long)(((max)+1)-(min)))+(min))
-#endif
-
-
-/* function prototypes for functions private to this file */
-
-static void flutter(klatt_frame_ptr);
-static double sampled_source (int);
-static double impulsive_source (void);
-static double natural_source (void);
-static void pitch_synch_par_reset (klatt_frame_ptr);
-static double gen_noise (double);
-static double DBtoLIN (long);
-static void frame_init (klatt_frame_ptr);
-static void setabc (long,long,resonator_ptr);
-static void setzeroabc (long,long,resonator_ptr);
-
-static klatt_frame_t kt_frame;
-static klatt_global_t kt_globals;
-
-#define NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES 100
-
-static int scale_wav_tab[] = {45,38,45,45,55}; // scale output from different voicing sources
-
-// For testing, this can be overwritten in KlattInit()
- static short natural_samples2[256]= {
- 2583, 2516, 2450, 2384, 2319, 2254, 2191, 2127,
- 2067, 2005, 1946, 1890, 1832, 1779, 1726, 1675,
- 1626, 1579, 1533, 1491, 1449, 1409, 1372, 1336,
- 1302, 1271, 1239, 1211, 1184, 1158, 1134, 1111,
- 1089, 1069, 1049, 1031, 1013, 996, 980, 965,
- 950, 936, 921, 909, 895, 881, 869, 855,
- 843, 830, 818, 804, 792, 779, 766, 754,
- 740, 728, 715, 702, 689, 676, 663, 651,
- 637, 626, 612, 601, 588, 576, 564, 552,
- 540, 530, 517, 507, 496, 485, 475, 464,
- 454, 443, 434, 424, 414, 404, 394, 385,
- 375, 366, 355, 347, 336, 328, 317, 308,
- 299, 288, 280, 269, 260, 250, 240, 231,
- 220, 212, 200, 192, 181, 172, 161, 152,
- 142, 133, 123, 113, 105, 94, 86, 76,
- 67, 57, 49, 39, 30, 22, 11, 4,
- -5, -14, -23, -32, -41, -50, -60, -69,
- -78, -87, -96, -107, -115, -126, -134, -144,
- -154, -164, -174, -183, -193, -203, -213, -222,
- -233, -242, -252, -262, -271, -281, -291, -301,
- -310, -320, -330, -339, -349, -357, -368, -377,
- -387, -397, -406, -417, -426, -436, -446, -456,
- -467, -477, -487, -499, -509, -521, -532, -543,
- -555, -567, -579, -591, -603, -616, -628, -641,
- -653, -666, -679, -692, -705, -717, -732, -743,
- -758, -769, -783, -795, -808, -820, -834, -845,
- -860, -872, -885, -898, -911, -926, -939, -955,
- -968, -986, -999, -1018, -1034, -1054, -1072, -1094,
- -1115, -1138, -1162, -1188, -1215, -1244, -1274, -1307,
- -1340, -1377, -1415, -1453, -1496, -1538, -1584, -1631,
- -1680, -1732, -1783, -1839, -1894, -1952, -2010, -2072,
- -2133, -2196, -2260, -2325, -2390, -2456, -2522, -2589,
-};
- static short natural_samples[100]=
- {
- -310,-400,530,356,224,89,23,-10,-58,-16,461,599,536,701,770,
- 605,497,461,560,404,110,224,131,104,-97,155,278,-154,-1165,
- -598,737,125,-592,41,11,-247,-10,65,92,80,-304,71,167,-1,122,
- 233,161,-43,278,479,485,407,266,650,134,80,236,68,260,269,179,
- 53,140,275,293,296,104,257,152,311,182,263,245,125,314,140,44,
- 203,230,-235,-286,23,107,92,-91,38,464,443,176,98,-784,-2449,
- -1891,-1045,-1600,-1462,-1384,-1261,-949,-730
- };
-
-/*
-function RESONATOR
-
-This is a generic resonator function. Internal memory for the resonator
-is stored in the globals structure.
-*/
-
-static double resonator(resonator_ptr r, double input)
-{
- double x;
-
- x = (double) ((double)r->a * (double)input + (double)r->b * (double)r->p1 + (double)r->c * (double)r->p2);
- r->p2 = (double)r->p1;
- r->p1 = (double)x;
-
- return (double)x;
-}
-
-static double resonator2(resonator_ptr r, double input)
-{
- double x;
-
- x = (double) ((double)r->a * (double)input + (double)r->b * (double)r->p1 + (double)r->c * (double)r->p2);
- r->p2 = (double)r->p1;
- r->p1 = (double)x;
-
- r->a += r->a_inc;
- r->b += r->b_inc;
- r->c += r->c_inc;
- return (double)x;
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-function ANTIRESONATOR
-
-This is a generic anti-resonator function. The code is the same as resonator
-except that a,b,c need to be set with setzeroabc() and we save inputs in
-p1/p2 rather than outputs. There is currently only one of these - "rnz"
-Output = (rnz.a * input) + (rnz.b * oldin1) + (rnz.c * oldin2)
-*/
-
-#ifdef deleted
-static double antiresonator(resonator_ptr r, double input)
-{
- register double x = (double)r->a * (double)input + (double)r->b * (double)r->p1 + (double)r->c * (double)r->p2;
- r->p2 = (double)r->p1;
- r->p1 = (double)input;
- return (double)x;
-}
-#endif
-
-static double antiresonator2(resonator_ptr r, double input)
-{
- register double x = (double)r->a * (double)input + (double)r->b * (double)r->p1 + (double)r->c * (double)r->p2;
- r->p2 = (double)r->p1;
- r->p1 = (double)input;
-
- r->a += r->a_inc;
- r->b += r->b_inc;
- r->c += r->c_inc;
- return (double)x;
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-function FLUTTER
-
-This function adds F0 flutter, as specified in:
-
-"Analysis, synthesis and perception of voice quality variations among
-female and male talkers" D.H. Klatt and L.C. Klatt JASA 87(2) February 1990.
-
-Flutter is added by applying a quasi-random element constructed from three
-slowly varying sine waves.
-*/
-
-static void flutter(klatt_frame_ptr frame)
-{
- static int time_count;
- double delta_f0;
- double fla,flb,flc,fld,fle;
-
- fla = (double) kt_globals.f0_flutter / 50;
- flb = (double) kt_globals.original_f0 / 100;
-// flc = sin(2*PI*12.7*time_count);
-// fld = sin(2*PI*7.1*time_count);
-// fle = sin(2*PI*4.7*time_count);
- flc = sin(PI*12.7*time_count); // because we are calling flutter() more frequently, every 2.9mS
- fld = sin(PI*7.1*time_count);
- fle = sin(PI*4.7*time_count);
- delta_f0 = fla * flb * (flc + fld + fle) * 10;
- frame->F0hz10 = frame->F0hz10 + (long) delta_f0;
- time_count++;
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-function SAMPLED_SOURCE
-
-Allows the use of a glottal excitation waveform sampled from a real
-voice.
-*/
-
-static double sampled_source(int source_num)
-{
- int itemp;
- double ftemp;
- double result;
- double diff_value;
- int current_value;
- int next_value;
- double temp_diff;
- short *samples;
-
- if(source_num == 0)
- {
- samples = natural_samples;
- kt_globals.num_samples = 100;
- }
- else
- {
- samples = natural_samples2;
- kt_globals.num_samples = 256;
- }
-
- if(kt_globals.T0!=0)
- {
- ftemp = (double) kt_globals.nper;
- ftemp = ftemp / kt_globals.T0;
- ftemp = ftemp * kt_globals.num_samples;
- itemp = (int) ftemp;
-
- temp_diff = ftemp - (double) itemp;
-
- current_value = samples[itemp];
- next_value = samples[itemp+1];
-
- diff_value = (double) next_value - (double) current_value;
- diff_value = diff_value * temp_diff;
-
- result = samples[itemp] + diff_value;
- result = result * kt_globals.sample_factor;
- }
- else
- {
- result = 0;
- }
- return(result);
-}
-
-
-
-
-/*
-function PARWAVE
-
-Converts synthesis parameters to a waveform.
-*/
-
-
-static int parwave(klatt_frame_ptr frame)
-{
- double temp;
- int value;
- double outbypas;
- double out;
- long n4;
- double frics;
- double glotout;
- double aspiration;
- double casc_next_in;
- double par_glotout;
- static double noise;
- static double voice;
- static double vlast;
- static double glotlast;
- static double sourc;
- int ix;
-
- flutter(frame); /* add f0 flutter */
-
-#ifdef LOG_FRAMES
-if(option_log_frames)
-{
- FILE *f;
- f=fopen("log-klatt","a");
- fprintf(f,"%4dhz %2dAV %4d %3d, %4d %3d, %4d %3d, %4d %3d, %4d, %3d, FNZ=%3d TLT=%2d\n",frame->F0hz10,frame->AVdb,
- frame->Fhz[1],frame->Bhz[1],frame->Fhz[2],frame->Bhz[2],frame->Fhz[3],frame->Bhz[3],frame->Fhz[4],frame->Bhz[4],frame->Fhz[5],frame->Bhz[5],frame->Fhz[0],frame->TLTdb);
- fclose(f);
-}
-#endif
-
- /* MAIN LOOP, for each output sample of current frame: */
-
- for (kt_globals.ns=0; kt_globals.ns<kt_globals.nspfr; kt_globals.ns++)
- {
- /* Get low-passed random number for aspiration and frication noise */
- noise = gen_noise(noise);
-
- /*
- Amplitude modulate noise (reduce noise amplitude during
- second half of glottal period) if voicing simultaneously present.
- */
-
- if (kt_globals.nper > kt_globals.nmod)
- {
- noise *= (double) 0.5;
- }
-
- /* Compute frication noise */
- frics = kt_globals.amp_frica * noise;
-
- /*
- Compute voicing waveform. Run glottal source simulation at 4
- times normal sample rate to minimize quantization noise in
- period of female voice.
- */
-
- for (n4=0; n4<4; n4++)
- {
- switch(kt_globals.glsource)
- {
- case IMPULSIVE:
- voice = impulsive_source();
- break;
- case NATURAL:
- voice = natural_source();
- break;
- case SAMPLED:
- voice = sampled_source(0);
- break;
- case SAMPLED2:
- voice = sampled_source(1);
- break;
- }
-
- /* Reset period when counter 'nper' reaches T0 */
- if (kt_globals.nper >= kt_globals.T0)
- {
- kt_globals.nper = 0;
- pitch_synch_par_reset(frame);
- }
-
- /*
- Low-pass filter voicing waveform before downsampling from 4*samrate
- to samrate samples/sec. Resonator f=.09*samrate, bw=.06*samrate
- */
-
- voice = resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[RLP]),voice);
-
- /* Increment counter that keeps track of 4*samrate samples per sec */
- kt_globals.nper++;
- }
-
- /*
- Tilt spectrum of voicing source down by soft low-pass filtering, amount
- of tilt determined by TLTdb
- */
-
- voice = (voice * kt_globals.onemd) + (vlast * kt_globals.decay);
- vlast = voice;
-
- /*
- Add breathiness during glottal open phase. Amount of breathiness
- determined by parameter Aturb Use nrand rather than noise because
- noise is low-passed.
- */
-
-
- if (kt_globals.nper < kt_globals.nopen)
- {
- voice += kt_globals.amp_breth * kt_globals.nrand;
- }
-
- /* Set amplitude of voicing */
- glotout = kt_globals.amp_voice * voice;
- par_glotout = kt_globals.par_amp_voice * voice;
-
- /* Compute aspiration amplitude and add to voicing source */
- aspiration = kt_globals.amp_aspir * noise;
- glotout += aspiration;
-
- par_glotout += aspiration;
-
- /*
- Cascade vocal tract, excited by laryngeal sources.
- Nasal antiresonator, then formants FNP, F5, F4, F3, F2, F1
- */
-
- out=0;
- if(kt_globals.synthesis_model != ALL_PARALLEL)
- {
- casc_next_in = antiresonator2(&(kt_globals.rsn[Rnz]),glotout);
- casc_next_in = resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[Rnpc]),casc_next_in);
- casc_next_in = resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[R8c]),casc_next_in);
- casc_next_in = resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[R7c]),casc_next_in);
- casc_next_in = resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[R6c]),casc_next_in);
- casc_next_in = resonator2(&(kt_globals.rsn[R5c]),casc_next_in);
- casc_next_in = resonator2(&(kt_globals.rsn[R4c]),casc_next_in);
- casc_next_in = resonator2(&(kt_globals.rsn[R3c]),casc_next_in);
- casc_next_in = resonator2(&(kt_globals.rsn[R2c]),casc_next_in);
- out = resonator2(&(kt_globals.rsn[R1c]),casc_next_in);
- }
-
- /* Excite parallel F1 and FNP by voicing waveform */
- sourc = par_glotout; /* Source is voicing plus aspiration */
-
- /*
- Standard parallel vocal tract Formants F6,F5,F4,F3,F2,
- outputs added with alternating sign. Sound source for other
- parallel resonators is frication plus first difference of
- voicing waveform.
- */
-
- out += resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[R1p]),sourc);
- out += resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[Rnpp]),sourc);
-
- sourc = frics + par_glotout - glotlast;
- glotlast = par_glotout;
-
- for(ix=R2p; ix<=R6p; ix++)
- {
- out = resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[ix]),sourc) - out;
- }
-
- outbypas = kt_globals.amp_bypas * sourc;
-
- out = outbypas - out;
-
-#ifdef deleted
-// for testing
- if (kt_globals.outsl != 0)
- {
- switch(kt_globals.outsl)
- {
- case 1:
- out = voice;
- break;
- case 2:
- out = aspiration;
- break;
- case 3:
- out = frics;
- break;
- case 4:
- out = glotout;
- break;
- case 5:
- out = par_glotout;
- break;
- case 6:
- out = outbypas;
- break;
- case 7:
- out = sourc;
- break;
- }
- }
-#endif
-
- out = resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[Rout]),out);
- temp = (int)(out * wdata.amplitude * kt_globals.amp_gain0) ; /* Convert back to integer */
-
-
- // mix with a recorded WAV if required for this phoneme
- {
- int z2;
- signed char c;
- int sample;
-
- z2 = 0;
- if(wdata.mix_wavefile_ix < wdata.n_mix_wavefile)
- {
- if(wdata.mix_wave_scale == 0)
- {
- // a 16 bit sample
- c = wdata.mix_wavefile[wdata.mix_wavefile_ix+1];
- sample = wdata.mix_wavefile[wdata.mix_wavefile_ix] + (c * 256);
- wdata.mix_wavefile_ix += 2;
- }
- else
- {
- // a 8 bit sample, scaled
- sample = (signed char)wdata.mix_wavefile[wdata.mix_wavefile_ix++] * wdata.mix_wave_scale;
- }
- z2 = sample * wdata.amplitude_v / 1024;
- z2 = (z2 * wdata.mix_wave_amp)/40;
- temp += z2;
- }
- }
-
- // if fadeout is set, fade to zero over 64 samples, to avoid clicks at end of synthesis
- if(kt_globals.fadeout > 0)
- {
- kt_globals.fadeout--;
- temp = (temp * kt_globals.fadeout) / 64;
- }
-
- value = (int)temp + ((echo_buf[echo_tail++]*echo_amp) >> 8);
- if(echo_tail >= N_ECHO_BUF)
- echo_tail=0;
-
- if (value < -32768)
- {
- value = -32768;
- }
-
- if (value > 32767)
- {
- value = 32767;
- }
-
- *out_ptr++ = value;
- *out_ptr++ = value >> 8;
-
- echo_buf[echo_head++] = value;
- if(echo_head >= N_ECHO_BUF)
- echo_head = 0;
-
- sample_count++;
- if(out_ptr >= out_end)
- {
- return(1);
- }
- }
- return(0);
-} // end of parwave
-
-
-
-
-
-void KlattReset(int control)
-{
- int r_ix;
-
- if(control == 2)
- {
- //Full reset
- kt_globals.FLPhz = (950 * kt_globals.samrate) / 10000;
- kt_globals.BLPhz = (630 * kt_globals.samrate) / 10000;
- kt_globals.minus_pi_t = -PI / kt_globals.samrate;
- kt_globals.two_pi_t = -2.0 * kt_globals.minus_pi_t;
- setabc(kt_globals.FLPhz,kt_globals.BLPhz,&(kt_globals.rsn[RLP]));
-
- }
-
- if(control > 0)
- {
- kt_globals.nper = 0;
- kt_globals.T0 = 0;
- kt_globals.nopen = 0;
- kt_globals.nmod = 0;
-
- for(r_ix=RGL; r_ix < N_RSN; r_ix++)
- {
- kt_globals.rsn[r_ix].p1 = 0;
- kt_globals.rsn[r_ix].p2 = 0;
- }
-
- }
-
- for(r_ix=0; r_ix <= R6p; r_ix++)
- {
- kt_globals.rsn[r_ix].p1 = 0;
- kt_globals.rsn[r_ix].p2 = 0;
- }
-}
-
-
-/*
-function FRAME_INIT
-
-Use parameters from the input frame to set up resonator coefficients.
-*/
-
-static void frame_init(klatt_frame_ptr frame)
-{
- double amp_par[7];
- static double amp_par_factor[7] = {0.6, 0.4, 0.15, 0.06, 0.04, 0.022, 0.03};
- long Gain0_tmp;
- int ix;
-
- kt_globals.original_f0 = frame->F0hz10 / 10;
-
- frame->AVdb_tmp = frame->AVdb - 7;
- if (frame->AVdb_tmp < 0)
- {
- frame->AVdb_tmp = 0;
- }
-
- kt_globals.amp_aspir = DBtoLIN(frame->ASP) * 0.05;
- kt_globals.amp_frica = DBtoLIN(frame->AF) * 0.25;
- kt_globals.par_amp_voice = DBtoLIN(frame->AVpdb);
- kt_globals.amp_bypas = DBtoLIN(frame->AB) * 0.05;
-
- for(ix=0; ix <= 6; ix++)
- {
- // parallel amplitudes F1 to F6, and parallel nasal pole
- amp_par[ix] = DBtoLIN(frame->Ap[ix]) * amp_par_factor[ix];
- }
-
- Gain0_tmp = frame->Gain0 - 3;
- if (Gain0_tmp <= 0)
- {
- Gain0_tmp = 57;
- }
- kt_globals.amp_gain0 = DBtoLIN(Gain0_tmp) / kt_globals.scale_wav;
-
- /* Set coefficients of variable cascade resonators */
- for(ix=1; ix<=9; ix++)
- {
- // formants 1 to 8, plus nasal pole
- setabc(frame->Fhz[ix],frame->Bhz[ix],&(kt_globals.rsn[ix]));
-
- if(ix <= 5)
- {
- setabc(frame->Fhz_next[ix],frame->Bhz_next[ix],&(kt_globals.rsn_next[ix]));
-
- kt_globals.rsn[ix].a_inc = (kt_globals.rsn_next[ix].a - kt_globals.rsn[ix].a) / 64.0;
- kt_globals.rsn[ix].b_inc = (kt_globals.rsn_next[ix].b - kt_globals.rsn[ix].b) / 64.0;
- kt_globals.rsn[ix].c_inc = (kt_globals.rsn_next[ix].c - kt_globals.rsn[ix].c) / 64.0;
- }
- }
-
- // nasal zero anti-resonator
- setzeroabc(frame->Fhz[F_NZ],frame->Bhz[F_NZ],&(kt_globals.rsn[Rnz]));
- setzeroabc(frame->Fhz_next[F_NZ],frame->Bhz_next[F_NZ],&(kt_globals.rsn_next[Rnz]));
- kt_globals.rsn[F_NZ].a_inc = (kt_globals.rsn_next[F_NZ].a - kt_globals.rsn[F_NZ].a) / 64.0;
- kt_globals.rsn[F_NZ].b_inc = (kt_globals.rsn_next[F_NZ].b - kt_globals.rsn[F_NZ].b) / 64.0;
- kt_globals.rsn[F_NZ].c_inc = (kt_globals.rsn_next[F_NZ].c - kt_globals.rsn[F_NZ].c) / 64.0;
-
-
- /* Set coefficients of parallel resonators, and amplitude of outputs */
-
- for(ix=0; ix<=6; ix++)
- {
- setabc(frame->Fhz[ix],frame->Bphz[ix],&(kt_globals.rsn[Rparallel+ix]));
- kt_globals.rsn[Rparallel+ix].a *= amp_par[ix];
- }
-
- /* output low-pass filter */
-
- setabc((long)0.0,(long)(kt_globals.samrate/2),&(kt_globals.rsn[Rout]));
-
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-function IMPULSIVE_SOURCE
-
-Generate a low pass filtered train of impulses as an approximation of
-a natural excitation waveform. Low-pass filter the differentiated impulse
-with a critically-damped second-order filter, time constant proportional
-to Kopen.
-*/
-
-
-static double impulsive_source()
-{
- static double doublet[] = {0.0,13000000.0,-13000000.0};
- static double vwave;
-
- if (kt_globals.nper < 3)
- {
- vwave = doublet[kt_globals.nper];
- }
- else
- {
- vwave = 0.0;
- }
-
- return(resonator(&(kt_globals.rsn[RGL]),vwave));
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-function NATURAL_SOURCE
-
-Vwave is the differentiated glottal flow waveform, there is a weak
-spectral zero around 800 Hz, magic constants a,b reset pitch synchronously.
-*/
-
-static double natural_source()
-{
- double lgtemp;
- static double vwave;
-
- if (kt_globals.nper < kt_globals.nopen)
- {
- kt_globals.pulse_shape_a -= kt_globals.pulse_shape_b;
- vwave += kt_globals.pulse_shape_a;
- lgtemp=vwave * 0.028;
-
- return(lgtemp);
- }
- else
- {
- vwave = 0.0;
- return(0.0);
- }
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-/*
-function PITCH_SYNC_PAR_RESET
-
-Reset selected parameters pitch-synchronously.
-
-
-Constant B0 controls shape of glottal pulse as a function
-of desired duration of open phase N0
-(Note that N0 is specified in terms of 40,000 samples/sec of speech)
-
-Assume voicing waveform V(t) has form: k1 t**2 - k2 t**3
-
- If the radiation characterivative, a temporal derivative
- is folded in, and we go from continuous time to discrete
- integers n: dV/dt = vwave[n]
- = sum over i=1,2,...,n of { a - (i * b) }
- = a n - b/2 n**2
-
- where the constants a and b control the detailed shape
- and amplitude of the voicing waveform over the open
- potion of the voicing cycle "nopen".
-
- Let integral of dV/dt have no net dc flow --> a = (b * nopen) / 3
-
- Let maximum of dUg(n)/dn be constant --> b = gain / (nopen * nopen)
- meaning as nopen gets bigger, V has bigger peak proportional to n
-
- Thus, to generate the table below for 40 <= nopen <= 263:
-
- B0[nopen - 40] = 1920000 / (nopen * nopen)
-*/
-
-static void pitch_synch_par_reset(klatt_frame_ptr frame)
-{
- long temp;
- double temp1;
- static long skew;
- static short B0[224] =
- {
- 1200,1142,1088,1038, 991, 948, 907, 869, 833, 799, 768, 738, 710, 683, 658,
- 634, 612, 590, 570, 551, 533, 515, 499, 483, 468, 454, 440, 427, 415, 403,
- 391, 380, 370, 360, 350, 341, 332, 323, 315, 307, 300, 292, 285, 278, 272,
- 265, 259, 253, 247, 242, 237, 231, 226, 221, 217, 212, 208, 204, 199, 195,
- 192, 188, 184, 180, 177, 174, 170, 167, 164, 161, 158, 155, 153, 150, 147,
- 145, 142, 140, 137, 135, 133, 131, 128, 126, 124, 122, 120, 119, 117, 115,
- 113,111, 110, 108, 106, 105, 103, 102, 100, 99, 97, 96, 95, 93, 92, 91, 90,
- 88, 87, 86, 85, 84, 83, 82, 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 75, 74, 73, 72, 71,
- 70, 69, 68, 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 64, 63, 62, 61, 61, 60, 59, 59, 58, 57,
- 57, 56, 56, 55, 55, 54, 54, 53, 53, 52, 52, 51, 51, 50, 50, 49, 49, 48, 48,
- 47, 47, 46, 46, 45, 45, 44, 44, 43, 43, 42, 42, 41, 41, 41, 41, 40, 40,
- 39, 39, 38, 38, 38, 38, 37, 37, 36, 36, 36, 36, 35, 35, 35, 35, 34, 34,33,
- 33, 33, 33, 32, 32, 32, 32, 31, 31, 31, 31, 30, 30, 30, 30, 29, 29, 29, 29,
- 28, 28, 28, 28, 27, 27
- };
-
- if (frame->F0hz10 > 0)
- {
- /* T0 is 4* the number of samples in one pitch period */
-
- kt_globals.T0 = (40 * kt_globals.samrate) / frame->F0hz10;
-
-
- kt_globals.amp_voice = DBtoLIN(frame->AVdb_tmp);
-
- /* Duration of period before amplitude modulation */
-
- kt_globals.nmod = kt_globals.T0;
- if (frame->AVdb_tmp > 0)
- {
- kt_globals.nmod >>= 1;
- }
-
- /* Breathiness of voicing waveform */
-
- kt_globals.amp_breth = DBtoLIN(frame->Aturb) * 0.1;
-
- /* Set open phase of glottal period where 40 <= open phase <= 263 */
-
- kt_globals.nopen = 4 * frame->Kopen;
-
- if ((kt_globals.glsource == IMPULSIVE) && (kt_globals.nopen > 263))
- {
- kt_globals.nopen = 263;
- }
-
- if (kt_globals.nopen >= (kt_globals.T0-1))
- {
-// printf("Warning: glottal open period cannot exceed T0, truncated\n");
- kt_globals.nopen = kt_globals.T0 - 2;
- }
-
- if (kt_globals.nopen < 40)
- {
- /* F0 max = 1000 Hz */
-// printf("Warning: minimum glottal open period is 10 samples.\n");
-// printf("truncated, nopen = %d\n",kt_globals.nopen);
- kt_globals.nopen = 40;
- }
-
-
- /* Reset a & b, which determine shape of "natural" glottal waveform */
-
- kt_globals.pulse_shape_b = B0[kt_globals.nopen-40];
- kt_globals.pulse_shape_a = (kt_globals.pulse_shape_b * kt_globals.nopen) * 0.333;
-
- /* Reset width of "impulsive" glottal pulse */
-
- temp = kt_globals.samrate / kt_globals.nopen;
-
- setabc((long)0,temp,&(kt_globals.rsn[RGL]));
-
- /* Make gain at F1 about constant */
-
- temp1 = kt_globals.nopen *.00833;
- kt_globals.rsn[RGL].a *= temp1 * temp1;
-
- /*
- Truncate skewness so as not to exceed duration of closed phase
- of glottal period.
- */
-
-
- temp = kt_globals.T0 - kt_globals.nopen;
- if (frame->Kskew > temp)
- {
-// printf("Kskew duration=%d > glottal closed period=%d, truncate\n", frame->Kskew, kt_globals.T0 - kt_globals.nopen);
- frame->Kskew = temp;
- }
- if (skew >= 0)
- {
- skew = frame->Kskew;
- }
- else
- {
- skew = - frame->Kskew;
- }
-
- /* Add skewness to closed portion of voicing period */
- kt_globals.T0 = kt_globals.T0 + skew;
- skew = - skew;
- }
- else
- {
- kt_globals.T0 = 4; /* Default for f0 undefined */
- kt_globals.amp_voice = 0.0;
- kt_globals.nmod = kt_globals.T0;
- kt_globals.amp_breth = 0.0;
- kt_globals.pulse_shape_a = 0.0;
- kt_globals.pulse_shape_b = 0.0;
- }
-
- /* Reset these pars pitch synchronously or at update rate if f0=0 */
-
- if ((kt_globals.T0 != 4) || (kt_globals.ns == 0))
- {
- /* Set one-pole low-pass filter that tilts glottal source */
-
- kt_globals.decay = (0.033 * frame->TLTdb);
-
- if (kt_globals.decay > 0.0)
- {
- kt_globals.onemd = 1.0 - kt_globals.decay;
- }
- else
- {
- kt_globals.onemd = 1.0;
- }
- }
-}
-
-
-
-/*
-function SETABC
-
-Convert formant freqencies and bandwidth into resonator difference
-equation constants.
-*/
-
-
-static void setabc(long int f, long int bw, resonator_ptr rp)
-{
- double r;
- double arg;
-
- /* Let r = exp(-pi bw t) */
- arg = kt_globals.minus_pi_t * bw;
- r = exp(arg);
-
- /* Let c = -r**2 */
- rp->c = -(r * r);
-
- /* Let b = r * 2*cos(2 pi f t) */
- arg = kt_globals.two_pi_t * f;
- rp->b = r * cos(arg) * 2.0;
-
- /* Let a = 1.0 - b - c */
- rp->a = 1.0 - rp->b - rp->c;
-}
-
-
-/*
-function SETZEROABC
-
-Convert formant freqencies and bandwidth into anti-resonator difference
-equation constants.
-*/
-
-static void setzeroabc(long int f, long int bw, resonator_ptr rp)
-{
- double r;
- double arg;
-
- f = -f;
-
-//NOTE, changes made 30.09.2011 for Reece Dunn <msclrhd@googlemail.com>
-// fix a sound spike when f=0
-
- /* First compute ordinary resonator coefficients */
- /* Let r = exp(-pi bw t) */
- arg = kt_globals.minus_pi_t * bw;
- r = exp(arg);
-
- /* Let c = -r**2 */
- rp->c = -(r * r);
-
- /* Let b = r * 2*cos(2 pi f t) */
- arg = kt_globals.two_pi_t * f;
- rp->b = r * cos(arg) * 2.;
-
- /* Let a = 1.0 - b - c */
- rp->a = 1.0 - rp->b - rp->c;
-
- /* Now convert to antiresonator coefficients (a'=1/a, b'=b/a, c'=c/a) */
- /* If f == 0 then rp->a gets set to 0 which makes a'=1/a set a', b' and c' to
- * INF, causing an audible sound spike when triggered (e.g. apiration with the
- * nasal register set to f=0, bw=0).
- */
- if (rp->a != 0)
- {
- /* Now convert to antiresonator coefficients (a'=1/a, b'=b/a, c'=c/a) */
- rp->a = 1.0 / rp->a;
- rp->c *= -rp->a;
- rp->b *= -rp->a;
- }
-}
-
-
-/*
-function GEN_NOISE
-
-Random number generator (return a number between -8191 and +8191)
-Noise spectrum is tilted down by soft low-pass filter having a pole near
-the origin in the z-plane, i.e. output = input + (0.75 * lastoutput)
-*/
-
-
-static double gen_noise(double noise)
-{
- long temp;
- static double nlast;
-
- temp = (long) getrandom(-8191,8191);
- kt_globals.nrand = (long) temp;
-
- noise = kt_globals.nrand + (0.75 * nlast);
- nlast = noise;
-
- return(noise);
-}
-
-
-/*
-function DBTOLIN
-
-Convert from decibels to a linear scale factor
-
-
-Conversion table, db to linear, 87 dB --> 32767
- 86 dB --> 29491 (1 dB down = 0.5**1/6)
- ...
- 81 dB --> 16384 (6 dB down = 0.5)
- ...
- 0 dB --> 0
-
-The just noticeable difference for a change in intensity of a vowel
-is approximately 1 dB. Thus all amplitudes are quantized to 1 dB
-steps.
-*/
-
-
-static double DBtoLIN(long dB)
-{
- static short amptable[88] =
- {
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 7,
- 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 32,
- 35, 40, 45, 51, 57, 64, 71, 80, 90, 101, 114, 128,
- 142, 159, 179, 202, 227, 256, 284, 318, 359, 405,
- 455, 512, 568, 638, 719, 881, 911, 1024, 1137, 1276,
- 1438, 1622, 1823, 2048, 2273, 2552, 2875, 3244, 3645,
- 4096, 4547, 5104, 5751, 6488, 7291, 8192, 9093, 10207,
- 11502, 12976, 14582, 16384, 18350, 20644, 23429,
- 26214, 29491, 32767 };
-
- if ((dB < 0) || (dB > 87))
- {
- return(0);
- }
-
- return((double)(amptable[dB]) * 0.001);
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-extern voice_t *wvoice;
-static klatt_peaks_t peaks[N_PEAKS];
-static int end_wave;
-static int klattp[N_KLATTP];
-static double klattp1[N_KLATTP];
-static double klattp_inc[N_KLATTP];
-
-
-
-
-int Wavegen_Klatt(int resume)
-{//==========================
- int pk;
- int x;
- int ix;
- int fade;
-
- if(resume==0)
- {
- sample_count = 0;
- }
-
- while(sample_count < nsamples)
- {
- kt_frame.F0hz10 = (wdata.pitch * 10) / 4096;
-
- // formants F6,F7,F8 are fixed values for cascade resonators, set in KlattInit()
- // but F6 is used for parallel resonator
- // F0 is used for the nasal zero
- for(ix=0; ix < 6; ix++)
- {
- kt_frame.Fhz[ix] = peaks[ix].freq;
- if(ix < 4)
- {
- kt_frame.Bhz[ix] = peaks[ix].bw;
- }
- }
- for(ix=1; ix < 7; ix++)
- {
- kt_frame.Ap[ix] = 0;
- }
-
- kt_frame.AVdb = klattp[KLATT_AV];
- kt_frame.AVpdb = klattp[KLATT_AVp];
- kt_frame.AF = klattp[KLATT_Fric];
- kt_frame.AB = klattp[KLATT_FricBP];
- kt_frame.ASP = klattp[KLATT_Aspr];
- kt_frame.Aturb = klattp[KLATT_Turb];
- kt_frame.Kskew = klattp[KLATT_Skew];
- kt_frame.TLTdb = klattp[KLATT_Tilt];
- kt_frame.Kopen = klattp[KLATT_Kopen];
-
- // advance formants
- for(pk=0; pk<N_PEAKS; pk++)
- {
- peaks[pk].freq1 += peaks[pk].freq_inc;
- peaks[pk].freq = (int)peaks[pk].freq1;
- peaks[pk].bw1 += peaks[pk].bw_inc;
- peaks[pk].bw = (int)peaks[pk].bw1;
- peaks[pk].bp1 += peaks[pk].bp_inc;
- peaks[pk].bp = (int)peaks[pk].bp1;
- peaks[pk].ap1 += peaks[pk].ap_inc;
- peaks[pk].ap = (int)peaks[pk].ap1;
- }
-
- // advance other parameters
- for(ix=0; ix < N_KLATTP; ix++)
- {
- klattp1[ix] += klattp_inc[ix];
- klattp[ix] = (int)klattp1[ix];
- }
-
- for(ix=0; ix<=6; ix++)
- {
- kt_frame.Fhz_next[ix] = peaks[ix].freq;
- if(ix < 4)
- {
- kt_frame.Bhz_next[ix] = peaks[ix].bw;
- }
- }
-
- // advance the pitch
- wdata.pitch_ix += wdata.pitch_inc;
- if((ix = wdata.pitch_ix>>8) > 127) ix = 127;
- x = wdata.pitch_env[ix] * wdata.pitch_range;
- wdata.pitch = (x>>8) + wdata.pitch_base;
-
- kt_globals.nspfr = (nsamples - sample_count);
- if(kt_globals.nspfr > STEPSIZE)
- kt_globals.nspfr = STEPSIZE;
-
- frame_init(&kt_frame); /* get parameters for next frame of speech */
-
- if(parwave(&kt_frame) == 1)
- {
- return(1); // output buffer is full
- }
- }
-
- if(end_wave > 0)
- {
-#ifdef deleted
- if(end_wave == 2)
- {
- fade = (kt_globals.T0 - kt_globals.nper)/4; // samples until end of current cycle
- if(fade < 64)
- fade = 64;
- }
- else
-#endif
- {
- fade = 64; // not followd by formant synthesis
- }
-
- // fade out to avoid a click
- kt_globals.fadeout = fade;
- end_wave = 0;
- sample_count -= fade;
- kt_globals.nspfr = fade;
- if(parwave(&kt_frame) == 1)
- {
- return(1); // output buffer is full
- }
- }
-
- return(0);
-}
-
-
-void SetSynth_Klatt(int length, int modn, frame_t *fr1, frame_t *fr2, voice_t *v, int control)
-{//===========================================================================================
- int ix;
- DOUBLEX next;
- int qix;
- int cmd;
- frame_t *fr3;
- static frame_t prev_fr;
-
- if(wvoice != NULL)
- {
- if((wvoice->klattv[0] > 0) && (wvoice->klattv[0] <=4 ))
- {
- kt_globals.glsource = wvoice->klattv[0];
- kt_globals.scale_wav = scale_wav_tab[kt_globals.glsource];
- }
- kt_globals.f0_flutter = wvoice->flutter/32;
- }
-
- end_wave = 0;
- if(control & 2)
- {
- end_wave = 1; // fadeout at the end
- }
- if(control & 1)
- {
- end_wave = 1;
- for(qix=wcmdq_head+1;;qix++)
- {
- if(qix >= N_WCMDQ) qix = 0;
- if(qix == wcmdq_tail) break;
-
- cmd = wcmdq[qix][0];
- if(cmd==WCMD_KLATT)
- {
- end_wave = 0; // next wave generation is from another spectrum
-
- fr3 = (frame_t *)wcmdq[qix][2];
- for(ix=1; ix<6; ix++)
- {
- if(fr3->ffreq[ix] != fr2->ffreq[ix])
- {
- // there is a discontinuity in formants
- end_wave = 2;
- break;
- }
- }
- break;
- }
- if((cmd==WCMD_WAVE) || (cmd==WCMD_PAUSE))
- break; // next is not from spectrum, so continue until end of wave cycle
- }
- }
-
-#ifdef LOG_FRAMES
-if(option_log_frames)
-{
- FILE *f_log;
- f_log=fopen("log-espeakedit","a");
- if(f_log != NULL)
- {
- fprintf(f_log,"K %3dmS %3d %3d %4d %4d %4d %4d (%2d) to %3d %3d %4d %4d %4d %4d (%2d)\n",length*1000/samplerate,
- fr1->klattp[KLATT_FNZ]*2,fr1->ffreq[1],fr1->ffreq[2],fr1->ffreq[3],fr1->ffreq[4],fr1->ffreq[5], fr1->klattp[KLATT_AV],
- fr2->klattp[KLATT_FNZ]*2,fr2->ffreq[1],fr2->ffreq[2],fr2->ffreq[3],fr1->ffreq[4],fr1->ffreq[5], fr2->klattp[KLATT_AV] );
- fclose(f_log);
- }
- f_log=fopen("log-klatt","a");
- if(f_log != NULL)
- {
- fprintf(f_log,"K %3dmS %3d %3d %4d %4d (%2d) to %3d %3d %4d %4d (%2d)\n",length*1000/samplerate,
- fr1->klattp[KLATT_FNZ]*2,fr1->ffreq[1],fr1->ffreq[2],fr1->ffreq[3], fr1->klattp[KLATT_AV],
- fr2->klattp[KLATT_FNZ]*2,fr2->ffreq[1],fr2->ffreq[2],fr2->ffreq[3], fr2->klattp[KLATT_AV] );
-
- fclose(f_log);
- }
-}
-#endif
-
- if(control & 1)
- {
- for(ix=1; ix<6; ix++)
- {
- if(prev_fr.ffreq[ix] != fr1->ffreq[ix])
- {
- // Discontinuity in formants.
- // end_wave was set in SetSynth_Klatt() to fade out the previous frame
- KlattReset(0);
- break;
- }
- }
- memcpy(&prev_fr,fr2,sizeof(prev_fr));
- }
-
- for(ix=0; ix<N_KLATTP; ix++)
- {
- if((ix >= 5) && ((fr1->frflags & FRFLAG_KLATT) == 0))
- {
- klattp1[ix] = klattp[ix] = 0;
- klattp_inc[ix] = 0;
- }
- else
- {
- klattp1[ix] = klattp[ix] = fr1->klattp[ix];
- klattp_inc[ix] = (double)((fr2->klattp[ix] - klattp[ix]) * STEPSIZE)/length;
- }
-
- // get klatt parameter adjustments for the voice
-// if((ix>0) && (ix < KLATT_AVp))
-// klattp1[ix] = klattp[ix] = (klattp[ix] + wvoice->klattv[ix]);
- }
-
- nsamples = length;
-
- for(ix=1; ix < 6; ix++)
- {
- peaks[ix].freq1 = (fr1->ffreq[ix] * v->freq[ix] / 256.0) + v->freqadd[ix];
- peaks[ix].freq = (int)peaks[ix].freq1;
- next = (fr2->ffreq[ix] * v->freq[ix] / 256.0) + v->freqadd[ix];
- peaks[ix].freq_inc = ((next - peaks[ix].freq1) * STEPSIZE) / length;
-
- if(ix < 4)
- {
- // klatt bandwidth for f1, f2, f3 (others are fixed)
- peaks[ix].bw1 = fr1->bw[ix] * 2;
- peaks[ix].bw = (int)peaks[ix].bw1;
- next = fr2->bw[ix] * 2;
- peaks[ix].bw_inc = ((next - peaks[ix].bw1) * STEPSIZE) / length;
- }
- }
-
- // nasal zero frequency
- peaks[0].freq1 = fr1->klattp[KLATT_FNZ] * 2;
- if(peaks[0].freq1 == 0)
- peaks[0].freq1 = kt_frame.Fhz[F_NP]; // if no nasal zero, set it to same freq as nasal pole
-
- peaks[0].freq = (int)peaks[0].freq1;
- next = fr2->klattp[KLATT_FNZ] * 2;
- if(next == 0)
- next = kt_frame.Fhz[F_NP];
-
- peaks[0].freq_inc = ((next - peaks[0].freq1) * STEPSIZE) / length;
-
- peaks[0].bw1 = 89;
- peaks[0].bw = 89;
- peaks[0].bw_inc = 0;
-
- if(fr1->frflags & FRFLAG_KLATT)
- {
- // the frame contains additional parameters for parallel resonators
- for(ix=1; ix < 7; ix++)
- {
- peaks[ix].bp1 = fr1->klatt_bp[ix] * 4; // parallel bandwidth
- peaks[ix].bp = (int)peaks[ix].bp1;
- next = fr2->klatt_bp[ix] * 2;
- peaks[ix].bp_inc = ((next - peaks[ix].bp1) * STEPSIZE) / length;
-
- peaks[ix].ap1 = fr1->klatt_ap[ix]; // parallal amplitude
- peaks[ix].ap = (int)peaks[ix].ap1;
- next = fr2->klatt_ap[ix] * 2;
- peaks[ix].ap_inc = ((next - peaks[ix].ap1) * STEPSIZE) / length;
- }
- }
-} // end of SetSynth_Klatt
-
-
-int Wavegen_Klatt2(int length, int modulation, int resume, frame_t *fr1, frame_t *fr2)
-{//===================================================================================
- if(resume==0)
- SetSynth_Klatt(length, modulation, fr1, fr2, wvoice, 1);
-
- return(Wavegen_Klatt(resume));
-}
-
-
-
-void KlattInit()
-{
-
- static short formant_hz[10] = {280,688,1064,2806,3260,3700,6500,7000,8000,280};
- static short bandwidth[10] = {89,160,70,160,200,200,500,500,500,89};
- static short parallel_amp[10] = { 0,59,59,59,59,59,59,0,0,0};
- static short parallel_bw[10] = {59,59,89,149,200,200,500,0,0,0};
-
- int ix;
-
-for(ix=0; ix<256; ix++)
-{
- // TEST: Overwrite natural_samples2
- // sawtooth wave
-// natural_samples2[ix] = (128-ix) * 20;
-}
- sample_count=0;
-
- kt_globals.synthesis_model = CASCADE_PARALLEL;
- kt_globals.samrate = 22050;
-
- kt_globals.glsource = IMPULSIVE; // IMPULSIVE, NATURAL, SAMPLED
- kt_globals.scale_wav = scale_wav_tab[kt_globals.glsource];
- kt_globals.natural_samples = natural_samples;
- kt_globals.num_samples = NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES;
- kt_globals.sample_factor = 3.0;
- kt_globals.nspfr = (kt_globals.samrate * 10) / 1000;
- kt_globals.outsl = 0;
- kt_globals.f0_flutter = 20;
-
- KlattReset(2);
-
- // set default values for frame parameters
- for(ix=0; ix<=9; ix++)
- {
- kt_frame.Fhz[ix] = formant_hz[ix];
- kt_frame.Bhz[ix] = bandwidth[ix];
- kt_frame.Ap[ix] = parallel_amp[ix];
- kt_frame.Bphz[ix] = parallel_bw[ix];
- }
- kt_frame.Bhz_next[F_NZ] = bandwidth[F_NZ];
-
- kt_frame.F0hz10 = 1000;
- kt_frame.AVdb = 59; // 59
- kt_frame.ASP = 0;
- kt_frame.Kopen = 40; // 40
- kt_frame.Aturb = 0;
- kt_frame.TLTdb = 0;
- kt_frame.AF =50;
- kt_frame.Kskew = 0;
- kt_frame.AB = 0;
- kt_frame.AVpdb = 0;
- kt_frame.Gain0 = 62; // 60
-} // end of KlattInit
-
-#endif // INCLUDE_KLATT
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