-@c Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+@c Inc.
@c This is part of the GCC manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
@node Standards
@chapter Language Standards Supported by GCC
+
+For each language compiled by GCC for which there is a standard, GCC
+attempts to follow one or more versions of that standard, possibly
+with some exceptions, and possibly with some extensions.
+
+@section C language
@cindex C standard
@cindex C standards
@cindex ANSI C standard
@cindex X3.159-1989
@cindex ISO C standard
@cindex ISO C
-@cindex ISO C89
@cindex ISO C90
@cindex ISO/IEC 9899
@cindex ISO 9899
@cindex Technical Corrigendum 1
@cindex TC2
@cindex Technical Corrigendum 2
+@cindex TC3
+@cindex Technical Corrigendum 3
@cindex AMD1
@cindex freestanding implementation
@cindex freestanding environment
@cindex hosted environment
@findex __STDC_HOSTED__
-For each language compiled by GCC for which there is a standard, GCC
-attempts to follow one or more versions of that standard, possibly
-with some exceptions, and possibly with some extensions.
-
GCC supports three versions of the C standard, although support for
the most recent version is not yet complete.
development, drafts of this standard version were referred to as
@dfn{C9X}.)
-Errors in the 1999 ISO C standard were corrected in a Technical
-Corrigendum published in 2001. GCC does not support the uncorrected
-version.
+Errors in the 1999 ISO C standard were corrected in three Technical
+Corrigenda published in 2001, 2004 and 2007. GCC does not support the
+uncorrected version.
By default, GCC provides some extensions to the C language that on
rare occasions conflict with the C standard. @xref{C
freestanding implementation for a freestanding environment, use the
option @option{-ffreestanding}; it will then define
@code{__STDC_HOSTED__} to @code{0} and not make assumptions about the
-meanings of function names from the standard library. To build an OS
-kernel, you may well still need to make your own arrangements for
-linking and startup. @xref{C Dialect Options,,Options Controlling C
-Dialect}.
+meanings of function names from the standard library, with exceptions
+noted below. To build an OS kernel, you may well still need to make
+your own arrangements for linking and startup.
+@xref{C Dialect Options,,Options Controlling C Dialect}.
GCC does not provide the library facilities required only of hosted
implementations, nor yet all the facilities required by C99 of
environment, you will need to find them elsewhere (for example, in the
GNU C library). @xref{Standard Libraries,,Standard Libraries}.
+Most of the compiler support routines used by GCC are present in
+@file{libgcc}, but there are a few exceptions. GCC requires the
+freestanding environment provide @code{memcpy}, @code{memmove},
+@code{memset} and @code{memcmp}.
+Finally, if @code{__builtin_trap} is used, and the target does
+not implement the @code{trap} pattern, then GCC will emit a call
+to @code{abort}.
+
For references to Technical Corrigenda, Rationale documents and
information concerning the history of C that is available online, see
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html}
-@c FIXME: details of C++ standard.
+@section C++ language
+
+GCC supports the ISO C++ standard (1998) and contains experimental
+support for the upcoming ISO C++ standard (200x).
+
+The original ISO C++ standard was published as the ISO standard (ISO/IEC
+14882:1998) and amended by a Technical Corrigenda published in 2003
+(ISO/IEC 14882:2003). These standards are referred to as C++98 and
+C++03, respectively. GCC implements the majority of C++98 (@code{export}
+is a notable exception) and most of the changes in C++03. To select
+this standard in GCC, use one of the options @option{-ansi} or
+@option{-std=c++98}; to obtain all the diagnostics required by the
+standard, you should also specify @option{-pedantic} (or
+@option{-pedantic-errors} if you want them to be errors rather than
+warnings).
+
+The ISO C++ committee is working on a new ISO C++ standard, dubbed
+C++0x, that is intended to be published by 2009. C++0x contains several
+changes to the C++ language, some of which have been implemented in an
+experimental C++0x mode in GCC@. The C++0x mode in GCC tracks the draft
+working paper for the C++0x standard; the latest working paper is
+available on the ISO C++ committee's web site at
+@uref{http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/}. For information
+regarding the C++0x features available in the experimental C++0x mode,
+see @uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.3/cxx0x_status.html}. To select this
+standard in GCC, use the option @option{-std=c++0x}; to obtain all the
+diagnostics required by the standard, you should also specify
+@option{-pedantic} (or @option{-pedantic-errors} if you want them to be
+errors rather than warnings).
+
+By default, GCC provides some extensions to the C++ language; @xref{C++
+Dialect Options,Options Controlling C++ Dialect}. Use of the
+@option{-std} option listed above will disable these extensions. You
+may also select an extended version of the C++ language explicitly with
+@option{-std=gnu++98} (for C++98 with GNU extensions) or
+@option{-std=gnu++0x} (for C++0x with GNU extensions). The default, if
+no C++ language dialect options are given, is @option{-std=gnu++98}.
+
+@section Objective-C and Objective-C++ languages
+@cindex Objective-C
+@cindex Objective-C++
-There is no formal written standard for Objective-C@. The most
+There is no formal written standard for Objective-C or Objective-C++@. The most
authoritative manual is ``Object-Oriented Programming and the
-Objective-C Language'', available at a number of web sites;
-@uref{http://developer.apple.com/techpubs/macosx/Cocoa/ObjectiveC/} has a
-recent version, while @uref{http://www.toodarkpark.org/computers/objc/}
-is an older example. @uref{http://www.gnustep.org} includes useful
-information as well.
+Objective-C Language'', available at a number of web sites:
+
+@itemize
+@item
+@uref{http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ObjectiveC/}
+is a recent (and periodically updated) version;
+@item
+@uref{http://www.toodarkpark.org/computers/objc/}
+is an older example;
+@item
+@uref{http://www.gnustep.org}
+and
+@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html}
+have additional useful information.
+@end itemize
@xref{Top, GNAT Reference Manual, About This Guide, gnat_rm,
GNAT Reference Manual}, for information on standard
conformance and compatibility of the Ada compiler.
-@xref{References,,Language Definition References, chill, GNU Chill},
-for details of the CHILL standard.
-
-@xref{Language,,The GNU Fortran Language, g77, Using and Porting GNU
-Fortran}, for details of the Fortran language supported by GCC@.
+@xref{Standards,,Standards, gfortran, The GNU Fortran Compiler}, for details
+of standards supported by GNU Fortran.
@xref{Compatibility,,Compatibility with the Java Platform, gcj, GNU gcj},
-for details of compatibility between @code{gcj} and the Java Platform.
+for details of compatibility between @command{gcj} and the Java Platform.
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