-@c Copyright (C) 1988,1989,1992,1993,1994,1996,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1988,1989,1992,1993,1994,1996,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,
+@c 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c This is part of the GCC manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
@code{vprintf}), specify the third parameter as zero. In this case the
compiler only checks the format string for consistency. For
@code{strftime} formats, the third parameter is required to be zero.
+Since non-static C++ methods have an implicit @code{this} argument, the
+arguments of such methods should be counted from two, not one, when
+giving values for @var{string-index} and @var{first-to-check}.
In the example above, the format string (@code{my_format}) is the second
argument of the function @code{my_print}, and the arguments to check
without the attribute.
The parameter @var{string-index} specifies which argument is the format
-string argument (starting from 1).
+string argument (starting from one). Since non-static C++ methods have
+an implicit @code{this} argument, the arguments of such methods should
+be counted from two.
The @code{format-arg} attribute allows you to identify your own
functions which modify format strings, so that GCC can check the
@table @dfn
@item default
Default visibility is the normal case for ELF. This value is
-available for the visibiliy attribute to override other options
+available for the visibility attribute to override other options
that may change the assumed visibility of symbols.
@item hidden
assume that the called function will pop off the stack space used to
pass arguments, unless it takes a variable number of arguments.
-The PowerPC compiler for Windows NT currently ignores the @code{stdcall}
-attribute.
+@item fastcall
+@cindex functions that pop the argument stack on the 386
+On the Intel 386, the @code{fastcall} attribute causes the compiler to
+pass the first two arguments in the registers ECX and EDX. Subsequent
+arguments are passed on the stack. The called function will pop the
+arguments off the stack. If the number of arguments is variable all
+arguments are pushed on the stack.
@item cdecl
@cindex functions that do pop the argument stack on the 386
pass arguments. This is
useful to override the effects of the @option{-mrtd} switch.
-The PowerPC compiler for Windows NT currently ignores the @code{cdecl}
-attribute.
-
@item longcall/shortcall
@cindex functions called via pointer on the RS/6000 and PowerPC
On the RS/6000 and PowerPC, the @code{longcall} attribute causes the
the offset to the function from the call site into the @samp{BL}
instruction directly.
-@item dllimport
-@cindex functions which are imported from a dll on PowerPC Windows NT
-On the PowerPC running Windows NT, the @code{dllimport} attribute causes
-the compiler to call the function via a global pointer to the function
-pointer that is set up by the Windows NT dll library. The pointer name
-is formed by combining @code{__imp_} and the function name.
-
-@item dllexport
-@cindex functions which are exported from a dll on PowerPC Windows NT
-On the PowerPC running Windows NT, the @code{dllexport} attribute causes
-the compiler to provide a global pointer to the function pointer, so
-that it can be called with the @code{dllimport} attribute. The pointer
-name is formed by combining @code{__imp_} and the function name.
-
-@item exception (@var{except-func} [, @var{except-arg}])
-@cindex functions which specify exception handling on PowerPC Windows NT
-On the PowerPC running Windows NT, the @code{exception} attribute causes
-the compiler to modify the structured exception table entry it emits for
-the declared function. The string or identifier @var{except-func} is
-placed in the third entry of the structured exception table. It
-represents a function, which is called by the exception handling
-mechanism if an exception occurs. If it was specified, the string or
-identifier @var{except-arg} is placed in the fourth entry of the
-structured exception table.
-
@item function_vector
@cindex calling functions through the function vector on the H8/300 processors
Use this attribute on the H8/300 and H8/300H to indicate that the specified
@item interrupt
@cindex interrupt handler functions
-Use this attribute on the ARM, AVR, M32R/D and Xstormy16 ports to indicate
+Use this attribute on the ARM, AVR, C4x, M32R/D and Xstormy16 ports to indicate
that the specified function is an interrupt handler. The compiler will
generate function entry and exit sequences suitable for use in an
interrupt handler when this attribute is present.
@item naked
@cindex function without a prologue/epilogue code
-Use this attribute on the ARM, AVR and IP2K ports to indicate that the
+Use this attribute on the ARM, AVR, C4x and IP2K ports to indicate that the
specified function do not need prologue/epilogue sequences generated by
the compiler. It is up to the programmer to provide these sequences.
(the compiler will generate @code{seth/add3} instructions to load their
addresses).
+@subsection i386 Variable Attributes
+
+Two attributes are currently defined for i386 configurations:
+@code{ms_struct} and @code{gcc_struct}
+
+@item ms_struct
+@itemx gcc_struct
+@cindex @code{ms_struct}
+@cindex @code{gcc_struct}
+
+If @code{packed} is used on a structure, or if bit-fields are used
+it may be that the Microsoft ABI packs them differently
+than GCC would normally pack them. Particularly when moving packed
+data between functions compiled with GCC and the native Microsoft compiler
+(either via function call or as data in a file), it may be necessary to access
+either format.
+
+Currently @option{-m[no-]ms-bitfields} is provided for the Windows X86
+compilers to match the native Microsoft compiler.
+
@end table
To specify multiple attributes, separate them by commas within the
declaration, the above program would abort when compiled with
@option{-fstrict-aliasing}, which is on by default at @option{-O2} or
above in recent GCC versions.
+
+@subsection i386 Type Attributes
+
+Two attributes are currently defined for i386 configurations:
+@code{ms_struct} and @code{gcc_struct}
+
+@item ms_struct
+@itemx gcc_struct
+@cindex @code{ms_struct}
+@cindex @code{gcc_struct}
+
+If @code{packed} is used on a structure, or if bit-fields are used
+it may be that the Microsoft ABI packs them differently
+than GCC would normally pack them. Particularly when moving packed
+data between functions compiled with GCC and the native Microsoft compiler
+(either via function call or as data in a file), it may be necessary to access
+either format.
+
+Currently @option{-m[no-]ms-bitfields} is provided for the Windows X86
+compilers to match the native Microsoft compiler.
@end table
To specify multiple attributes, separate them by commas within the
to and from other datatypes of the same size).
You cannot operate between vectors of different lengths or different
-signness without a cast.
+signedness without a cast.
A port that supports hardware vector operations, usually provides a set
of built-in functions that can be used to operate on vectors. For
@findex abort
@findex abs
@findex alloca
+@findex atan2
+@findex atan2f
+@findex atan2l
@findex bcmp
@findex bzero
+@findex ceil
+@findex ceilf
+@findex ceill
@findex cimag
@findex cimagf
@findex cimagl
@findex fabsf
@findex fabsl
@findex ffs
+@findex floor
+@findex floorf
+@findex floorl
+@findex fmod
+@findex fmodf
+@findex fmodl
@findex fprintf
@findex fprintf_unlocked
@findex fputs
@findex memcmp
@findex memcpy
@findex memset
+@findex nearbyint
+@findex nearbyintf
+@findex nearbyintl
+@findex pow
+@findex powf
+@findex powl
@findex printf
@findex printf_unlocked
+@findex putchar
+@findex puts
@findex rindex
+@findex round
+@findex roundf
+@findex roundl
+@findex scanf
@findex sin
@findex sinf
@findex sinl
+@findex snprintf
+@findex sprintf
@findex sqrt
@findex sqrtf
@findex sqrtl
+@findex sscanf
@findex strcat
@findex strchr
@findex strcmp
@findex strrchr
@findex strspn
@findex strstr
+@findex trunc
+@findex truncf
+@findex truncl
+@findex vprintf
+@findex vscanf
+@findex vsnprintf
+@findex vsprintf
+@findex vsscanf
GCC provides a large number of built-in functions other than the ones
mentioned above. Some of these are for internal use in the processing
@opindex ansi
@opindex std
-The functions @code{abort}, @code{exit}, @code{_Exit} and @code{_exit}
-are recognized and presumed not to return, but otherwise are not built
-in. @code{_exit} is not recognized in strict ISO C mode (@option{-ansi},
-@option{-std=c89} or @option{-std=c99}). @code{_Exit} is not recognized in
-strict C89 mode (@option{-ansi} or @option{-std=c89}). All these functions
-have corresponding versions prefixed with @code{__builtin_}, which may be
-used even in strict C89 mode.
-
-Outside strict ISO C mode, the functions @code{alloca}, @code{bcmp},
-@code{bzero}, @code{index}, @code{rindex}, @code{ffs}, @code{fputs_unlocked},
-@code{printf_unlocked} and @code{fprintf_unlocked} may be handled as
-built-in functions. All these functions have corresponding versions
+Outside strict ISO C mode (@option{-ansi}, @option{-std=c89} or
+@option{-std=c99}), the functions @code{alloca}, @code{bcmp},
+@code{bzero}, @code{_exit}, @code{ffs}, @code{fprintf_unlocked},
+@code{fputs_unlocked}, @code{index}, @code{printf_unlocked},
+and @code{rindex} may be handled as built-in functions.
+All these functions have corresponding versions
prefixed with @code{__builtin_}, which may be used even in strict C89
mode.
-The ISO C99 functions @code{conj}, @code{conjf}, @code{conjl},
-@code{creal}, @code{crealf}, @code{creall}, @code{cimag}, @code{cimagf},
-@code{cimagl}, @code{llabs} and @code{imaxabs} are handled as built-in
-functions except in strict ISO C90 mode. There are also built-in
-versions of the ISO C99 functions @code{cosf}, @code{cosl},
-@code{expf}, @code{expl}, @code{fabsf}, @code{fabsl},
-@code{logf}, @code{logl}, @code{sinf}, @code{sinl}, @code{sqrtf}, and
-@code{sqrtl}, that are recognized in any mode since ISO C90 reserves
-these names for the purpose to which ISO C99 puts them. All these
-functions have corresponding versions prefixed with @code{__builtin_}.
-
-The ISO C90 functions @code{abs}, @code{cos}, @code{exp}, @code{fabs},
+The ISO C99 functions @code{conj}, @code{conjf}, @code{conjl}, @code{creal},
+@code{crealf}, @code{creall}, @code{cimag}, @code{cimagf}, @code{cimagl},
+@code{_Exit}, @code{imaxabs}, @code{llabs},
+@code{nearbyint}, @code{nearbyintf}, @code{nearbyintl},
+@code{round}, @code{roundf}, @code{roundl}, @code{snprintf},
+@code{trunc}, @code{truncf}, @code{truncl},
+@code{vscanf}, @code{vsnprintf} and @code{vsscanf}
+are handled as built-in functions
+except in strict ISO C90 mode (@option{-ansi} or @option{-std=c89}).
+
+There are also built-in versions of the ISO C99 functions @code{atan2f},
+@code{atan2l}, @code{ceilf}, @code{ceill}, @code{cosf}, @code{cosl},
+@code{expf}, @code{expl}, @code{fabsf}, @code{fabsl}, @code{floorf},
+@code{floorl}, @code{fmodf}, @code{fmodl},
+@code{logf}, @code{logl}, @code{powf}, @code{powl},
+@code{sinf}, @code{sinl}, @code{sqrtf} and @code{sqrtl}
+that are recognized in any mode since ISO C90 reserves these names for
+the purpose to which ISO C99 puts them. All these functions have
+corresponding versions prefixed with @code{__builtin_}.
+
+The ISO C90 functions @code{abort}, @code{abs}, @code{atan2}, @code{ceil},
+@code{cos}, @code{exit},
+@code{exp}, @code{fabs}, @code{floor}, @code{fmod},
@code{fprintf}, @code{fputs}, @code{labs}, @code{log},
-@code{memcmp}, @code{memcpy},
-@code{memset}, @code{printf}, @code{sin}, @code{sqrt}, @code{strcat},
-@code{strchr}, @code{strcmp}, @code{strcpy}, @code{strcspn},
-@code{strlen}, @code{strncat}, @code{strncmp}, @code{strncpy},
-@code{strpbrk}, @code{strrchr}, @code{strspn}, and @code{strstr} are all
-recognized as built-in functions unless @option{-fno-builtin} is
-specified (or @option{-fno-builtin-@var{function}} is specified for an
-individual function). All of these functions have corresponding
-versions prefixed with @code{__builtin_}.
+@code{memcmp}, @code{memcpy}, @code{memset}, @code{pow}, @code{printf},
+@code{putchar}, @code{puts}, @code{scanf}, @code{sin}, @code{snprintf},
+@code{sprintf}, @code{sqrt}, @code{sscanf},
+@code{strcat}, @code{strchr}, @code{strcmp},
+@code{strcpy}, @code{strcspn}, @code{strlen}, @code{strncat}, @code{strncmp},
+@code{strncpy}, @code{strpbrk}, @code{strrchr}, @code{strspn}, @code{strstr},
+@code{vprintf} and @code{vsprintf}
+are all recognized as built-in functions unless
+@option{-fno-builtin} is specified (or @option{-fno-builtin-@var{function}}
+is specified for an individual function). All of these functions have
+corresponding versions prefixed with @code{__builtin_}.
GCC provides built-in versions of the ISO C99 floating point comparison
macros that avoid raising exceptions for unordered operands. They have
This is an implementation of the ISO C99 function @code{nan}.
Since ISO C99 defines this function in terms of @code{strtod}, which we
-do not implement, a desription of the parsing is in order. The string
+do not implement, a description of the parsing is in order. The string
is parsed as by @code{strtol}; that is, the base is recognized by
leading @samp{0} or @samp{0x} prefixes. The number parsed is placed
in the significand such that the least significant bit of the number
Similar to @code{__builtin_nans}, except the return type is @code{long double}.
@end deftypefn
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_ffs (unsigned int x)
+Returns one plus the index of the least significant 1-bit of @var{x}, or
+if @var{x} is zero, returns zero.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_clz (unsigned int x)
+Returns the number of leading 0-bits in @var{x}, starting at the most
+significant bit position. If @var{x} is 0, the result is undefined.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_ctz (unsigned int x)
+Returns the number of trailing 0-bits in @var{x}, starting at the least
+significant bit position. If @var{x} is 0, the result is undefined.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_popcount (unsigned int x)
+Returns the number of 1-bits in @var{x}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_parity (unsigned int x)
+Returns the parity of @var{x}, i.@:e. the number of 1-bits in @var{x}
+modulo 2.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_ffsl (unsigned long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_ffs}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_clzl (unsigned long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_clz}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_ctzl (unsigned long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_ctz}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_popcountl (unsigned long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_popcount}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_parityl (unsigned long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_parity}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_ffsll (unsigned long long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_ffs}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_clzll (unsigned long long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_clz}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_ctzll (unsigned long long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_ctz}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_popcountll (unsigned long long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_popcount}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+@deftypefn {Built-in Function} int __builtin_parityll (unsigned long long)
+Similar to @code{__builtin_parity}, except the argument type is
+@code{unsigned long long}.
+@end deftypefn
+
+
@node Target Builtins
@section Built-in Functions Specific to Particular Target Machines
This pragma is similar in intent to to the asm labels extension
(@pxref{Asm Labels}) in that the system programmer wants to change
the assembly-level ABI without changing the source-level API. The
-preprocessor defines @code{__EXTERN_PREFIX} if the pragma is available.
+preprocessor defines @code{__PRAGMA_EXTERN_PREFIX} if the pragma is
+available.
@end table
@node Unnamed Fields
that document the exact semantics of the language extension.
@itemize @bullet
+@item
@b{[intro.execution]}
New text after paragraph 4
@quotation
The storage for an object of thread storage duration shall be
-staticly initialized before the first statement of the thread startup
+statically initialized before the first statement of the thread startup
function. An object of thread storage duration shall not require
dynamic initialization.
@end quotation
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