1 /* Handle initialization things in C++.
2 Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
3 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 Contributed by Michael Tiemann (tiemann@cygnus.com)
6 This file is part of GCC.
8 GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
13 GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with GCC; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
20 the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
21 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
23 /* High-level class interface. */
27 #include "coretypes.h"
39 static bool begin_init_stmts (tree *, tree *);
40 static tree finish_init_stmts (bool, tree, tree);
41 static void construct_virtual_base (tree, tree);
42 static void expand_aggr_init_1 (tree, tree, tree, tree, int);
43 static void expand_default_init (tree, tree, tree, tree, int);
44 static tree build_vec_delete_1 (tree, tree, tree, special_function_kind, int);
45 static void perform_member_init (tree, tree);
46 static tree build_builtin_delete_call (tree);
47 static int member_init_ok_or_else (tree, tree, tree);
48 static void expand_virtual_init (tree, tree);
49 static tree sort_mem_initializers (tree, tree);
50 static tree initializing_context (tree);
51 static void expand_cleanup_for_base (tree, tree);
52 static tree get_temp_regvar (tree, tree);
53 static tree dfs_initialize_vtbl_ptrs (tree, void *);
54 static tree build_default_init (tree, tree);
55 static tree build_new_1 (tree);
56 static tree build_dtor_call (tree, special_function_kind, int);
57 static tree build_field_list (tree, tree, int *);
58 static tree build_vtbl_address (tree);
60 /* We are about to generate some complex initialization code.
61 Conceptually, it is all a single expression. However, we may want
62 to include conditionals, loops, and other such statement-level
63 constructs. Therefore, we build the initialization code inside a
64 statement-expression. This function starts such an expression.
65 STMT_EXPR_P and COMPOUND_STMT_P are filled in by this function;
66 pass them back to finish_init_stmts when the expression is
70 begin_init_stmts (tree *stmt_expr_p, tree *compound_stmt_p)
72 bool is_global = !building_stmt_tree ();
74 *stmt_expr_p = begin_stmt_expr ();
75 *compound_stmt_p = begin_compound_stmt (BCS_NO_SCOPE);
80 /* Finish out the statement-expression begun by the previous call to
81 begin_init_stmts. Returns the statement-expression itself. */
84 finish_init_stmts (bool is_global, tree stmt_expr, tree compound_stmt)
86 finish_compound_stmt (compound_stmt);
88 stmt_expr = finish_stmt_expr (stmt_expr, true);
90 gcc_assert (!building_stmt_tree () == is_global);
97 /* Called from initialize_vtbl_ptrs via dfs_walk. BINFO is the base
98 which we want to initialize the vtable pointer for, DATA is
99 TREE_LIST whose TREE_VALUE is the this ptr expression. */
102 dfs_initialize_vtbl_ptrs (tree binfo, void *data)
104 if (!TYPE_CONTAINS_VPTR_P (BINFO_TYPE (binfo)))
105 return dfs_skip_bases;
107 if (!BINFO_PRIMARY_P (binfo) || BINFO_VIRTUAL_P (binfo))
109 tree base_ptr = TREE_VALUE ((tree) data);
111 base_ptr = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, base_ptr, binfo, /*nonnull=*/1);
113 expand_virtual_init (binfo, base_ptr);
119 /* Initialize all the vtable pointers in the object pointed to by
123 initialize_vtbl_ptrs (tree addr)
128 type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (addr));
129 list = build_tree_list (type, addr);
131 /* Walk through the hierarchy, initializing the vptr in each base
132 class. We do these in pre-order because we can't find the virtual
133 bases for a class until we've initialized the vtbl for that
135 dfs_walk_once (TYPE_BINFO (type), dfs_initialize_vtbl_ptrs, NULL, list);
138 /* Return an expression for the zero-initialization of an object with
139 type T. This expression will either be a constant (in the case
140 that T is a scalar), or a CONSTRUCTOR (in the case that T is an
141 aggregate). In either case, the value can be used as DECL_INITIAL
142 for a decl of the indicated TYPE; it is a valid static initializer.
143 If NELTS is non-NULL, and TYPE is an ARRAY_TYPE, NELTS is the
144 number of elements in the array. If STATIC_STORAGE_P is TRUE,
145 initializers are only generated for entities for which
146 zero-initialization does not simply mean filling the storage with
150 build_zero_init (tree type, tree nelts, bool static_storage_p)
152 tree init = NULL_TREE;
156 To zero-initialization storage for an object of type T means:
158 -- if T is a scalar type, the storage is set to the value of zero
161 -- if T is a non-union class type, the storage for each nonstatic
162 data member and each base-class subobject is zero-initialized.
164 -- if T is a union type, the storage for its first data member is
167 -- if T is an array type, the storage for each element is
170 -- if T is a reference type, no initialization is performed. */
172 gcc_assert (nelts == NULL_TREE || TREE_CODE (nelts) == INTEGER_CST);
174 if (type == error_mark_node)
176 else if (static_storage_p && zero_init_p (type))
177 /* In order to save space, we do not explicitly build initializers
178 for items that do not need them. GCC's semantics are that
179 items with static storage duration that are not otherwise
180 initialized are initialized to zero. */
182 else if (SCALAR_TYPE_P (type))
183 init = convert (type, integer_zero_node);
184 else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type))
187 VEC(constructor_elt,gc) *v = NULL;
189 /* Iterate over the fields, building initializations. */
190 for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); field; field = TREE_CHAIN (field))
192 if (TREE_CODE (field) != FIELD_DECL)
195 /* Note that for class types there will be FIELD_DECLs
196 corresponding to base classes as well. Thus, iterating
197 over TYPE_FIELDs will result in correct initialization of
198 all of the subobjects. */
199 if (static_storage_p && !zero_init_p (TREE_TYPE (field)))
201 tree value = build_zero_init (TREE_TYPE (field),
204 CONSTRUCTOR_APPEND_ELT(v, field, value);
207 /* For unions, only the first field is initialized. */
208 if (TREE_CODE (type) == UNION_TYPE)
212 /* Build a constructor to contain the initializations. */
213 init = build_constructor (type, v);
215 else if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
218 VEC(constructor_elt,gc) *v = NULL;
220 /* Iterate over the array elements, building initializations. */
222 max_index = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (nelts),
223 nelts, integer_one_node);
225 max_index = array_type_nelts (type);
226 gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (max_index) == INTEGER_CST);
228 /* A zero-sized array, which is accepted as an extension, will
229 have an upper bound of -1. */
230 if (!tree_int_cst_equal (max_index, integer_minus_one_node))
234 v = VEC_alloc (constructor_elt, gc, 1);
235 ce = VEC_quick_push (constructor_elt, v, NULL);
237 /* If this is a one element array, we just use a regular init. */
238 if (tree_int_cst_equal (size_zero_node, max_index))
239 ce->index = size_zero_node;
241 ce->index = build2 (RANGE_EXPR, sizetype, size_zero_node,
244 ce->value = build_zero_init (TREE_TYPE (type),
249 /* Build a constructor to contain the initializations. */
250 init = build_constructor (type, v);
253 gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE);
255 /* In all cases, the initializer is a constant. */
258 TREE_CONSTANT (init) = 1;
259 TREE_INVARIANT (init) = 1;
265 /* Build an expression for the default-initialization of an object of
266 the indicated TYPE. If NELTS is non-NULL, and TYPE is an
267 ARRAY_TYPE, NELTS is the number of elements in the array. If
268 initialization of TYPE requires calling constructors, this function
269 returns NULL_TREE; the caller is responsible for arranging for the
270 constructors to be called. */
273 build_default_init (tree type, tree nelts)
277 To default-initialize an object of type T means:
279 --if T is a non-POD class type (clause _class_), the default construc-
280 tor for T is called (and the initialization is ill-formed if T has
281 no accessible default constructor);
283 --if T is an array type, each element is default-initialized;
285 --otherwise, the storage for the object is zero-initialized.
287 A program that calls for default-initialization of an entity of refer-
288 ence type is ill-formed. */
290 /* If TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING is true, the caller is responsible for
291 performing the initialization. This is confusing in that some
292 non-PODs do not have TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING set. (For example,
293 a class with a pointer-to-data member as a non-static data member
294 does not have TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING set.) Therefore, we end up
295 passing non-PODs to build_zero_init below, which is contrary to
296 the semantics quoted above from [dcl.init].
298 It happens, however, that the behavior of the constructor the
299 standard says we should have generated would be precisely the
300 same as that obtained by calling build_zero_init below, so things
302 if (TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type)
303 || (nelts && TREE_CODE (nelts) != INTEGER_CST))
306 /* At this point, TYPE is either a POD class type, an array of POD
307 classes, or something even more innocuous. */
308 return build_zero_init (type, nelts, /*static_storage_p=*/false);
311 /* Initialize MEMBER, a FIELD_DECL, with INIT, a TREE_LIST of
312 arguments. If TREE_LIST is void_type_node, an empty initializer
313 list was given; if NULL_TREE no initializer was given. */
316 perform_member_init (tree member, tree init)
319 tree type = TREE_TYPE (member);
322 explicit = (init != NULL_TREE);
324 /* Effective C++ rule 12 requires that all data members be
326 if (warn_ecpp && !explicit && TREE_CODE (type) != ARRAY_TYPE)
327 warning (0, "%J%qD should be initialized in the member initialization "
328 "list", current_function_decl, member);
330 if (init == void_type_node)
333 /* Get an lvalue for the data member. */
334 decl = build_class_member_access_expr (current_class_ref, member,
335 /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
336 /*preserve_reference=*/true);
337 if (decl == error_mark_node)
340 /* Deal with this here, as we will get confused if we try to call the
341 assignment op for an anonymous union. This can happen in a
342 synthesized copy constructor. */
343 if (ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (type))
347 init = build2 (INIT_EXPR, type, decl, TREE_VALUE (init));
348 finish_expr_stmt (init);
351 else if (TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type))
354 && TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
356 && TREE_CHAIN (init) == NULL_TREE
357 && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (init))) == ARRAY_TYPE)
359 /* Initialization of one array from another. */
360 finish_expr_stmt (build_vec_init (decl, NULL_TREE, TREE_VALUE (init),
361 /*explicit_default_init_p=*/false,
365 finish_expr_stmt (build_aggr_init (decl, init, 0));
369 if (init == NULL_TREE)
373 init = build_default_init (type, /*nelts=*/NULL_TREE);
374 if (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
375 warning (0, "%Jdefault-initialization of %q#D, "
376 "which has reference type",
377 current_function_decl, member);
379 /* member traversal: note it leaves init NULL */
380 else if (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
381 pedwarn ("%Juninitialized reference member %qD",
382 current_function_decl, member);
383 else if (CP_TYPE_CONST_P (type))
384 pedwarn ("%Juninitialized member %qD with %<const%> type %qT",
385 current_function_decl, member, type);
387 else if (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST)
388 /* There was an explicit member initialization. Do some work
390 init = build_x_compound_expr_from_list (init, "member initializer");
393 finish_expr_stmt (build_modify_expr (decl, INIT_EXPR, init));
396 if (TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (type))
400 expr = build_class_member_access_expr (current_class_ref, member,
401 /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
402 /*preserve_reference=*/false);
403 expr = build_delete (type, expr, sfk_complete_destructor,
404 LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL|LOOKUP_DESTRUCTOR, 0);
406 if (expr != error_mark_node)
407 finish_eh_cleanup (expr);
411 /* Returns a TREE_LIST containing (as the TREE_PURPOSE of each node) all
412 the FIELD_DECLs on the TYPE_FIELDS list for T, in reverse order. */
415 build_field_list (tree t, tree list, int *uses_unions_p)
421 /* Note whether or not T is a union. */
422 if (TREE_CODE (t) == UNION_TYPE)
425 for (fields = TYPE_FIELDS (t); fields; fields = TREE_CHAIN (fields))
427 /* Skip CONST_DECLs for enumeration constants and so forth. */
428 if (TREE_CODE (fields) != FIELD_DECL || DECL_ARTIFICIAL (fields))
431 /* Keep track of whether or not any fields are unions. */
432 if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (fields)) == UNION_TYPE)
435 /* For an anonymous struct or union, we must recursively
436 consider the fields of the anonymous type. They can be
437 directly initialized from the constructor. */
438 if (ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (fields)))
440 /* Add this field itself. Synthesized copy constructors
441 initialize the entire aggregate. */
442 list = tree_cons (fields, NULL_TREE, list);
443 /* And now add the fields in the anonymous aggregate. */
444 list = build_field_list (TREE_TYPE (fields), list,
447 /* Add this field. */
448 else if (DECL_NAME (fields))
449 list = tree_cons (fields, NULL_TREE, list);
455 /* The MEM_INITS are a TREE_LIST. The TREE_PURPOSE of each list gives
456 a FIELD_DECL or BINFO in T that needs initialization. The
457 TREE_VALUE gives the initializer, or list of initializer arguments.
459 Return a TREE_LIST containing all of the initializations required
460 for T, in the order in which they should be performed. The output
461 list has the same format as the input. */
464 sort_mem_initializers (tree t, tree mem_inits)
467 tree base, binfo, base_binfo;
470 VEC(tree,gc) *vbases;
474 /* Build up a list of initializations. The TREE_PURPOSE of entry
475 will be the subobject (a FIELD_DECL or BINFO) to initialize. The
476 TREE_VALUE will be the constructor arguments, or NULL if no
477 explicit initialization was provided. */
478 sorted_inits = NULL_TREE;
480 /* Process the virtual bases. */
481 for (vbases = CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES (t), i = 0;
482 VEC_iterate (tree, vbases, i, base); i++)
483 sorted_inits = tree_cons (base, NULL_TREE, sorted_inits);
485 /* Process the direct bases. */
486 for (binfo = TYPE_BINFO (t), i = 0;
487 BINFO_BASE_ITERATE (binfo, i, base_binfo); ++i)
488 if (!BINFO_VIRTUAL_P (base_binfo))
489 sorted_inits = tree_cons (base_binfo, NULL_TREE, sorted_inits);
491 /* Process the non-static data members. */
492 sorted_inits = build_field_list (t, sorted_inits, &uses_unions_p);
493 /* Reverse the entire list of initializations, so that they are in
494 the order that they will actually be performed. */
495 sorted_inits = nreverse (sorted_inits);
497 /* If the user presented the initializers in an order different from
498 that in which they will actually occur, we issue a warning. Keep
499 track of the next subobject which can be explicitly initialized
500 without issuing a warning. */
501 next_subobject = sorted_inits;
503 /* Go through the explicit initializers, filling in TREE_PURPOSE in
505 for (init = mem_inits; init; init = TREE_CHAIN (init))
510 subobject = TREE_PURPOSE (init);
512 /* If the explicit initializers are in sorted order, then
513 SUBOBJECT will be NEXT_SUBOBJECT, or something following
515 for (subobject_init = next_subobject;
517 subobject_init = TREE_CHAIN (subobject_init))
518 if (TREE_PURPOSE (subobject_init) == subobject)
521 /* Issue a warning if the explicit initializer order does not
522 match that which will actually occur.
523 ??? Are all these on the correct lines? */
524 if (warn_reorder && !subobject_init)
526 if (TREE_CODE (TREE_PURPOSE (next_subobject)) == FIELD_DECL)
527 warning (0, "%q+D will be initialized after",
528 TREE_PURPOSE (next_subobject));
530 warning (0, "base %qT will be initialized after",
531 TREE_PURPOSE (next_subobject));
532 if (TREE_CODE (subobject) == FIELD_DECL)
533 warning (0, " %q+#D", subobject);
535 warning (0, " base %qT", subobject);
536 warning (0, "%J when initialized here", current_function_decl);
539 /* Look again, from the beginning of the list. */
542 subobject_init = sorted_inits;
543 while (TREE_PURPOSE (subobject_init) != subobject)
544 subobject_init = TREE_CHAIN (subobject_init);
547 /* It is invalid to initialize the same subobject more than
549 if (TREE_VALUE (subobject_init))
551 if (TREE_CODE (subobject) == FIELD_DECL)
552 error ("%Jmultiple initializations given for %qD",
553 current_function_decl, subobject);
555 error ("%Jmultiple initializations given for base %qT",
556 current_function_decl, subobject);
559 /* Record the initialization. */
560 TREE_VALUE (subobject_init) = TREE_VALUE (init);
561 next_subobject = subobject_init;
566 If a ctor-initializer specifies more than one mem-initializer for
567 multiple members of the same union (including members of
568 anonymous unions), the ctor-initializer is ill-formed. */
571 tree last_field = NULL_TREE;
572 for (init = sorted_inits; init; init = TREE_CHAIN (init))
578 /* Skip uninitialized members and base classes. */
579 if (!TREE_VALUE (init)
580 || TREE_CODE (TREE_PURPOSE (init)) != FIELD_DECL)
582 /* See if this field is a member of a union, or a member of a
583 structure contained in a union, etc. */
584 field = TREE_PURPOSE (init);
585 for (field_type = DECL_CONTEXT (field);
586 !same_type_p (field_type, t);
587 field_type = TYPE_CONTEXT (field_type))
588 if (TREE_CODE (field_type) == UNION_TYPE)
590 /* If this field is not a member of a union, skip it. */
591 if (TREE_CODE (field_type) != UNION_TYPE)
594 /* It's only an error if we have two initializers for the same
602 /* See if LAST_FIELD and the field initialized by INIT are
603 members of the same union. If so, there's a problem,
604 unless they're actually members of the same structure
605 which is itself a member of a union. For example, given:
607 union { struct { int i; int j; }; };
609 initializing both `i' and `j' makes sense. */
610 field_type = DECL_CONTEXT (field);
614 tree last_field_type;
616 last_field_type = DECL_CONTEXT (last_field);
619 if (same_type_p (last_field_type, field_type))
621 if (TREE_CODE (field_type) == UNION_TYPE)
622 error ("%Jinitializations for multiple members of %qT",
623 current_function_decl, last_field_type);
628 if (same_type_p (last_field_type, t))
631 last_field_type = TYPE_CONTEXT (last_field_type);
634 /* If we've reached the outermost class, then we're
636 if (same_type_p (field_type, t))
639 field_type = TYPE_CONTEXT (field_type);
650 /* Initialize all bases and members of CURRENT_CLASS_TYPE. MEM_INITS
651 is a TREE_LIST giving the explicit mem-initializer-list for the
652 constructor. The TREE_PURPOSE of each entry is a subobject (a
653 FIELD_DECL or a BINFO) of the CURRENT_CLASS_TYPE. The TREE_VALUE
654 is a TREE_LIST giving the arguments to the constructor or
655 void_type_node for an empty list of arguments. */
658 emit_mem_initializers (tree mem_inits)
660 /* We will already have issued an error message about the fact that
661 the type is incomplete. */
662 if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (current_class_type))
665 /* Sort the mem-initializers into the order in which the
666 initializations should be performed. */
667 mem_inits = sort_mem_initializers (current_class_type, mem_inits);
669 in_base_initializer = 1;
671 /* Initialize base classes. */
673 && TREE_CODE (TREE_PURPOSE (mem_inits)) != FIELD_DECL)
675 tree subobject = TREE_PURPOSE (mem_inits);
676 tree arguments = TREE_VALUE (mem_inits);
678 /* If these initializations are taking place in a copy
679 constructor, the base class should probably be explicitly
681 if (extra_warnings && !arguments
682 && DECL_COPY_CONSTRUCTOR_P (current_function_decl)
683 && TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (BINFO_TYPE (subobject)))
684 warning (0, "%Jbase class %q#T should be explicitly initialized in the "
686 current_function_decl, BINFO_TYPE (subobject));
688 /* If an explicit -- but empty -- initializer list was present,
689 treat it just like default initialization at this point. */
690 if (arguments == void_type_node)
691 arguments = NULL_TREE;
693 /* Initialize the base. */
694 if (BINFO_VIRTUAL_P (subobject))
695 construct_virtual_base (subobject, arguments);
700 base_addr = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, current_class_ptr,
702 expand_aggr_init_1 (subobject, NULL_TREE,
703 build_indirect_ref (base_addr, NULL),
706 expand_cleanup_for_base (subobject, NULL_TREE);
709 mem_inits = TREE_CHAIN (mem_inits);
711 in_base_initializer = 0;
713 /* Initialize the vptrs. */
714 initialize_vtbl_ptrs (current_class_ptr);
716 /* Initialize the data members. */
719 perform_member_init (TREE_PURPOSE (mem_inits),
720 TREE_VALUE (mem_inits));
721 mem_inits = TREE_CHAIN (mem_inits);
725 /* Returns the address of the vtable (i.e., the value that should be
726 assigned to the vptr) for BINFO. */
729 build_vtbl_address (tree binfo)
731 tree binfo_for = binfo;
734 if (BINFO_VPTR_INDEX (binfo) && BINFO_VIRTUAL_P (binfo))
735 /* If this is a virtual primary base, then the vtable we want to store
736 is that for the base this is being used as the primary base of. We
737 can't simply skip the initialization, because we may be expanding the
738 inits of a subobject constructor where the virtual base layout
740 while (BINFO_PRIMARY_P (binfo_for))
741 binfo_for = BINFO_INHERITANCE_CHAIN (binfo_for);
743 /* Figure out what vtable BINFO's vtable is based on, and mark it as
745 vtbl = get_vtbl_decl_for_binfo (binfo_for);
746 assemble_external (vtbl);
747 TREE_USED (vtbl) = 1;
749 /* Now compute the address to use when initializing the vptr. */
750 vtbl = unshare_expr (BINFO_VTABLE (binfo_for));
751 if (TREE_CODE (vtbl) == VAR_DECL)
752 vtbl = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (vtbl)), vtbl);
757 /* This code sets up the virtual function tables appropriate for
758 the pointer DECL. It is a one-ply initialization.
760 BINFO is the exact type that DECL is supposed to be. In
761 multiple inheritance, this might mean "C's A" if C : A, B. */
764 expand_virtual_init (tree binfo, tree decl)
769 /* Compute the initializer for vptr. */
770 vtbl = build_vtbl_address (binfo);
772 /* We may get this vptr from a VTT, if this is a subobject
773 constructor or subobject destructor. */
774 vtt_index = BINFO_VPTR_INDEX (binfo);
780 /* Compute the value to use, when there's a VTT. */
781 vtt_parm = current_vtt_parm;
782 vtbl2 = build2 (PLUS_EXPR,
783 TREE_TYPE (vtt_parm),
786 vtbl2 = build_indirect_ref (vtbl2, NULL);
787 vtbl2 = convert (TREE_TYPE (vtbl), vtbl2);
789 /* The actual initializer is the VTT value only in the subobject
790 constructor. In maybe_clone_body we'll substitute NULL for
791 the vtt_parm in the case of the non-subobject constructor. */
792 vtbl = build3 (COND_EXPR,
794 build2 (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
795 current_in_charge_parm, integer_zero_node),
800 /* Compute the location of the vtpr. */
801 vtbl_ptr = build_vfield_ref (build_indirect_ref (decl, NULL),
803 gcc_assert (vtbl_ptr != error_mark_node);
805 /* Assign the vtable to the vptr. */
806 vtbl = convert_force (TREE_TYPE (vtbl_ptr), vtbl, 0);
807 finish_expr_stmt (build_modify_expr (vtbl_ptr, NOP_EXPR, vtbl));
810 /* If an exception is thrown in a constructor, those base classes already
811 constructed must be destroyed. This function creates the cleanup
812 for BINFO, which has just been constructed. If FLAG is non-NULL,
813 it is a DECL which is nonzero when this base needs to be
817 expand_cleanup_for_base (tree binfo, tree flag)
821 if (TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (BINFO_TYPE (binfo)))
824 /* Call the destructor. */
825 expr = build_special_member_call (current_class_ref,
826 base_dtor_identifier,
829 LOOKUP_NORMAL | LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL);
831 expr = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node,
832 c_common_truthvalue_conversion (flag),
833 expr, integer_zero_node);
835 finish_eh_cleanup (expr);
838 /* Construct the virtual base-class VBASE passing the ARGUMENTS to its
842 construct_virtual_base (tree vbase, tree arguments)
848 /* If there are virtual base classes with destructors, we need to
849 emit cleanups to destroy them if an exception is thrown during
850 the construction process. These exception regions (i.e., the
851 period during which the cleanups must occur) begin from the time
852 the construction is complete to the end of the function. If we
853 create a conditional block in which to initialize the
854 base-classes, then the cleanup region for the virtual base begins
855 inside a block, and ends outside of that block. This situation
856 confuses the sjlj exception-handling code. Therefore, we do not
857 create a single conditional block, but one for each
858 initialization. (That way the cleanup regions always begin
859 in the outer block.) We trust the back-end to figure out
860 that the FLAG will not change across initializations, and
861 avoid doing multiple tests. */
862 flag = TREE_CHAIN (DECL_ARGUMENTS (current_function_decl));
863 inner_if_stmt = begin_if_stmt ();
864 finish_if_stmt_cond (flag, inner_if_stmt);
866 /* Compute the location of the virtual base. If we're
867 constructing virtual bases, then we must be the most derived
868 class. Therefore, we don't have to look up the virtual base;
869 we already know where it is. */
870 exp = convert_to_base_statically (current_class_ref, vbase);
872 expand_aggr_init_1 (vbase, current_class_ref, exp, arguments,
874 finish_then_clause (inner_if_stmt);
875 finish_if_stmt (inner_if_stmt);
877 expand_cleanup_for_base (vbase, flag);
880 /* Find the context in which this FIELD can be initialized. */
883 initializing_context (tree field)
885 tree t = DECL_CONTEXT (field);
887 /* Anonymous union members can be initialized in the first enclosing
888 non-anonymous union context. */
889 while (t && ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (t))
890 t = TYPE_CONTEXT (t);
894 /* Function to give error message if member initialization specification
895 is erroneous. FIELD is the member we decided to initialize.
896 TYPE is the type for which the initialization is being performed.
897 FIELD must be a member of TYPE.
899 MEMBER_NAME is the name of the member. */
902 member_init_ok_or_else (tree field, tree type, tree member_name)
904 if (field == error_mark_node)
908 error ("class %qT does not have any field named %qD", type,
912 if (TREE_CODE (field) == VAR_DECL)
914 error ("%q#D is a static data member; it can only be "
915 "initialized at its definition",
919 if (TREE_CODE (field) != FIELD_DECL)
921 error ("%q#D is not a non-static data member of %qT",
925 if (initializing_context (field) != type)
927 error ("class %qT does not have any field named %qD", type,
935 /* NAME is a FIELD_DECL, an IDENTIFIER_NODE which names a field, or it
936 is a _TYPE node or TYPE_DECL which names a base for that type.
937 Check the validity of NAME, and return either the base _TYPE, base
938 binfo, or the FIELD_DECL of the member. If NAME is invalid, return
939 NULL_TREE and issue a diagnostic.
941 An old style unnamed direct single base construction is permitted,
942 where NAME is NULL. */
945 expand_member_init (tree name)
950 if (!current_class_ref)
955 /* This is an obsolete unnamed base class initializer. The
956 parser will already have warned about its use. */
957 switch (BINFO_N_BASE_BINFOS (TYPE_BINFO (current_class_type)))
960 error ("unnamed initializer for %qT, which has no base classes",
964 basetype = BINFO_TYPE
965 (BINFO_BASE_BINFO (TYPE_BINFO (current_class_type), 0));
968 error ("unnamed initializer for %qT, which uses multiple inheritance",
973 else if (TYPE_P (name))
975 basetype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (name);
976 name = TYPE_NAME (name);
978 else if (TREE_CODE (name) == TYPE_DECL)
979 basetype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (name));
981 basetype = NULL_TREE;
990 if (current_template_parms)
993 class_binfo = TYPE_BINFO (current_class_type);
994 direct_binfo = NULL_TREE;
995 virtual_binfo = NULL_TREE;
997 /* Look for a direct base. */
998 for (i = 0; BINFO_BASE_ITERATE (class_binfo, i, direct_binfo); ++i)
999 if (SAME_BINFO_TYPE_P (BINFO_TYPE (direct_binfo), basetype))
1002 /* Look for a virtual base -- unless the direct base is itself
1004 if (!direct_binfo || !BINFO_VIRTUAL_P (direct_binfo))
1005 virtual_binfo = binfo_for_vbase (basetype, current_class_type);
1007 /* [class.base.init]
1009 If a mem-initializer-id is ambiguous because it designates
1010 both a direct non-virtual base class and an inherited virtual
1011 base class, the mem-initializer is ill-formed. */
1012 if (direct_binfo && virtual_binfo)
1014 error ("%qD is both a direct base and an indirect virtual base",
1019 if (!direct_binfo && !virtual_binfo)
1021 if (CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES (current_class_type))
1022 error ("type %qD is not a direct or virtual base of %qT",
1023 name, current_class_type);
1025 error ("type %qD is not a direct base of %qT",
1026 name, current_class_type);
1030 return direct_binfo ? direct_binfo : virtual_binfo;
1034 if (TREE_CODE (name) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
1035 field = lookup_field (current_class_type, name, 1, false);
1039 if (member_init_ok_or_else (field, current_class_type, name))
1046 /* This is like `expand_member_init', only it stores one aggregate
1049 INIT comes in two flavors: it is either a value which
1050 is to be stored in EXP, or it is a parameter list
1051 to go to a constructor, which will operate on EXP.
1052 If INIT is not a parameter list for a constructor, then set
1053 LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING.
1054 If FLAGS is LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING then it is the = init form of
1055 the initializer, if FLAGS is 0, then it is the (init) form.
1056 If `init' is a CONSTRUCTOR, then we emit a warning message,
1057 explaining that such initializations are invalid.
1059 If INIT resolves to a CALL_EXPR which happens to return
1060 something of the type we are looking for, then we know
1061 that we can safely use that call to perform the
1064 The virtual function table pointer cannot be set up here, because
1065 we do not really know its type.
1067 This never calls operator=().
1069 When initializing, nothing is CONST.
1071 A default copy constructor may have to be used to perform the
1074 A constructor or a conversion operator may have to be used to
1075 perform the initialization, but not both, as it would be ambiguous. */
1078 build_aggr_init (tree exp, tree init, int flags)
1083 tree type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
1084 int was_const = TREE_READONLY (exp);
1085 int was_volatile = TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (exp);
1088 if (init == error_mark_node)
1089 return error_mark_node;
1091 TREE_READONLY (exp) = 0;
1092 TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (exp) = 0;
1094 if (init && TREE_CODE (init) != TREE_LIST)
1095 flags |= LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING;
1097 if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
1101 /* An array may not be initialized use the parenthesized
1102 initialization form -- unless the initializer is "()". */
1103 if (init && TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST)
1105 error ("bad array initializer");
1106 return error_mark_node;
1108 /* Must arrange to initialize each element of EXP
1109 from elements of INIT. */
1110 itype = init ? TREE_TYPE (init) : NULL_TREE;
1111 if (cp_type_quals (type) != TYPE_UNQUALIFIED)
1112 TREE_TYPE (exp) = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type);
1113 if (itype && cp_type_quals (itype) != TYPE_UNQUALIFIED)
1114 itype = TREE_TYPE (init) = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (itype);
1115 stmt_expr = build_vec_init (exp, NULL_TREE, init,
1116 /*explicit_default_init_p=*/false,
1117 itype && same_type_p (itype,
1119 TREE_READONLY (exp) = was_const;
1120 TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (exp) = was_volatile;
1121 TREE_TYPE (exp) = type;
1123 TREE_TYPE (init) = itype;
1127 if (TREE_CODE (exp) == VAR_DECL || TREE_CODE (exp) == PARM_DECL)
1128 /* Just know that we've seen something for this node. */
1129 TREE_USED (exp) = 1;
1131 TREE_TYPE (exp) = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type);
1132 is_global = begin_init_stmts (&stmt_expr, &compound_stmt);
1133 destroy_temps = stmts_are_full_exprs_p ();
1134 current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = 0;
1135 expand_aggr_init_1 (TYPE_BINFO (type), exp, exp,
1136 init, LOOKUP_NORMAL|flags);
1137 stmt_expr = finish_init_stmts (is_global, stmt_expr, compound_stmt);
1138 current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = destroy_temps;
1139 TREE_TYPE (exp) = type;
1140 TREE_READONLY (exp) = was_const;
1141 TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (exp) = was_volatile;
1146 /* Like build_aggr_init, but not just for aggregates. */
1149 build_init (tree decl, tree init, int flags)
1153 if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
1154 expr = build_aggr_init (decl, init, flags);
1155 else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
1156 expr = build_special_member_call (decl, complete_ctor_identifier,
1157 build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, init),
1159 LOOKUP_NORMAL|flags);
1161 expr = build2 (INIT_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (decl), decl, init);
1167 expand_default_init (tree binfo, tree true_exp, tree exp, tree init, int flags)
1169 tree type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
1172 /* It fails because there may not be a constructor which takes
1173 its own type as the first (or only parameter), but which does
1174 take other types via a conversion. So, if the thing initializing
1175 the expression is a unit element of type X, first try X(X&),
1176 followed by initialization by X. If neither of these work
1177 out, then look hard. */
1181 if (init && TREE_CODE (init) != TREE_LIST
1182 && (flags & LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING))
1184 /* Base subobjects should only get direct-initialization. */
1185 gcc_assert (true_exp == exp);
1187 if (flags & DIRECT_BIND)
1188 /* Do nothing. We hit this in two cases: Reference initialization,
1189 where we aren't initializing a real variable, so we don't want
1190 to run a new constructor; and catching an exception, where we
1191 have already built up the constructor call so we could wrap it
1192 in an exception region. */;
1193 else if (BRACE_ENCLOSED_INITIALIZER_P (init))
1195 /* A brace-enclosed initializer for an aggregate. */
1196 gcc_assert (CP_AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (type));
1197 init = digest_init (type, init);
1200 init = ocp_convert (type, init, CONV_IMPLICIT|CONV_FORCE_TEMP, flags);
1202 if (TREE_CODE (init) == MUST_NOT_THROW_EXPR)
1203 /* We need to protect the initialization of a catch parm with a
1204 call to terminate(), which shows up as a MUST_NOT_THROW_EXPR
1205 around the TARGET_EXPR for the copy constructor. See
1206 initialize_handler_parm. */
1208 TREE_OPERAND (init, 0) = build2 (INIT_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (exp), exp,
1209 TREE_OPERAND (init, 0));
1210 TREE_TYPE (init) = void_type_node;
1213 init = build2 (INIT_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (exp), exp, init);
1214 TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (init) = 1;
1215 finish_expr_stmt (init);
1219 if (init == NULL_TREE
1220 || (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST && ! TREE_TYPE (init)))
1224 init = TREE_VALUE (parms);
1227 parms = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, init);
1229 if (true_exp == exp)
1230 ctor_name = complete_ctor_identifier;
1232 ctor_name = base_ctor_identifier;
1234 rval = build_special_member_call (exp, ctor_name, parms, binfo, flags);
1235 if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (rval))
1236 finish_expr_stmt (convert_to_void (rval, NULL));
1239 /* This function is responsible for initializing EXP with INIT
1242 BINFO is the binfo of the type for who we are performing the
1243 initialization. For example, if W is a virtual base class of A and B,
1245 If we are initializing B, then W must contain B's W vtable, whereas
1246 were we initializing C, W must contain C's W vtable.
1248 TRUE_EXP is nonzero if it is the true expression being initialized.
1249 In this case, it may be EXP, or may just contain EXP. The reason we
1250 need this is because if EXP is a base element of TRUE_EXP, we
1251 don't necessarily know by looking at EXP where its virtual
1252 baseclass fields should really be pointing. But we do know
1253 from TRUE_EXP. In constructors, we don't know anything about
1254 the value being initialized.
1256 FLAGS is just passed to `build_new_method_call'. See that function
1257 for its description. */
1260 expand_aggr_init_1 (tree binfo, tree true_exp, tree exp, tree init, int flags)
1262 tree type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
1264 gcc_assert (init != error_mark_node && type != error_mark_node);
1265 gcc_assert (building_stmt_tree ());
1267 /* Use a function returning the desired type to initialize EXP for us.
1268 If the function is a constructor, and its first argument is
1269 NULL_TREE, know that it was meant for us--just slide exp on
1270 in and expand the constructor. Constructors now come
1273 if (init && TREE_CODE (exp) == VAR_DECL
1274 && TREE_CODE (init) == CONSTRUCTOR
1275 && TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (init))
1277 /* If store_init_value returns NULL_TREE, the INIT has been
1278 record in the DECL_INITIAL for EXP. That means there's
1279 nothing more we have to do. */
1280 init = store_init_value (exp, init);
1282 finish_expr_stmt (init);
1286 /* We know that expand_default_init can handle everything we want
1288 expand_default_init (binfo, true_exp, exp, init, flags);
1291 /* Report an error if TYPE is not a user-defined, aggregate type. If
1292 OR_ELSE is nonzero, give an error message. */
1295 is_aggr_type (tree type, int or_else)
1297 if (type == error_mark_node)
1300 if (! IS_AGGR_TYPE (type)
1301 && TREE_CODE (type) != TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
1302 && TREE_CODE (type) != BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
1305 error ("%qT is not an aggregate type", type);
1312 get_type_value (tree name)
1314 if (name == error_mark_node)
1317 if (IDENTIFIER_HAS_TYPE_VALUE (name))
1318 return IDENTIFIER_TYPE_VALUE (name);
1323 /* Build a reference to a member of an aggregate. This is not a C++
1324 `&', but really something which can have its address taken, and
1325 then act as a pointer to member, for example TYPE :: FIELD can have
1326 its address taken by saying & TYPE :: FIELD. ADDRESS_P is true if
1327 this expression is the operand of "&".
1329 @@ Prints out lousy diagnostics for operator <typename>
1332 @@ This function should be rewritten and placed in search.c. */
1335 build_offset_ref (tree type, tree name, bool address_p)
1339 tree basebinfo = NULL_TREE;
1340 tree orig_name = name;
1342 /* class templates can come in as TEMPLATE_DECLs here. */
1343 if (TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
1346 if (dependent_type_p (type) || type_dependent_expression_p (name))
1347 return build_min_nt (SCOPE_REF, type, name);
1349 if (TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
1351 /* If the NAME is a TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR, we are looking at
1352 something like `a.template f<int>' or the like. For the most
1353 part, we treat this just like a.f. We do remember, however,
1354 the template-id that was used. */
1355 name = TREE_OPERAND (orig_name, 0);
1358 name = DECL_NAME (name);
1361 if (TREE_CODE (name) == COMPONENT_REF)
1362 name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 1);
1363 if (TREE_CODE (name) == OVERLOAD)
1364 name = DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (name));
1367 gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (name) == IDENTIFIER_NODE);
1370 if (type == NULL_TREE)
1371 return error_mark_node;
1373 /* Handle namespace names fully here. */
1374 if (TREE_CODE (type) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
1376 tree t = lookup_namespace_name (type, name);
1377 if (t == error_mark_node)
1379 if (TREE_CODE (orig_name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
1380 /* Reconstruct the TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR. */
1381 t = build2 (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (t),
1382 t, TREE_OPERAND (orig_name, 1));
1383 if (! type_unknown_p (t))
1386 t = convert_from_reference (t);
1391 if (! is_aggr_type (type, 1))
1392 return error_mark_node;
1394 if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
1396 if (! check_dtor_name (type, name))
1397 error ("qualified type %qT does not match destructor name %<~%T%>",
1398 type, TREE_OPERAND (name, 0));
1399 name = dtor_identifier;
1402 if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (complete_type (type))
1403 && !TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (type))
1405 error ("incomplete type %qT does not have member %qD", type, name);
1406 return error_mark_node;
1409 /* Set up BASEBINFO for member lookup. */
1410 decl = maybe_dummy_object (type, &basebinfo);
1412 if (BASELINK_P (name) || DECL_P (name))
1416 member = lookup_member (basebinfo, name, 1, 0);
1418 if (member == error_mark_node)
1419 return error_mark_node;
1424 error ("%qD is not a member of type %qT", name, type);
1425 return error_mark_node;
1428 if (TREE_CODE (member) == TYPE_DECL)
1430 TREE_USED (member) = 1;
1433 /* static class members and class-specific enum
1434 values can be returned without further ado. */
1435 if (TREE_CODE (member) == VAR_DECL || TREE_CODE (member) == CONST_DECL)
1438 return convert_from_reference (member);
1441 if (TREE_CODE (member) == FIELD_DECL && DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (member))
1443 error ("invalid pointer to bit-field %qD", member);
1444 return error_mark_node;
1447 /* A lot of this logic is now handled in lookup_member. */
1448 if (BASELINK_P (member))
1450 /* Go from the TREE_BASELINK to the member function info. */
1451 tree fnfields = member;
1452 tree t = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fnfields);
1454 if (TREE_CODE (orig_name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
1456 /* The FNFIELDS are going to contain functions that aren't
1457 necessarily templates, and templates that don't
1458 necessarily match the explicit template parameters. We
1459 save all the functions, and the explicit parameters, and
1460 then figure out exactly what to instantiate with what
1461 arguments in instantiate_type. */
1463 if (TREE_CODE (t) != OVERLOAD)
1464 /* The code in instantiate_type which will process this
1465 expects to encounter OVERLOADs, not raw functions. */
1466 t = ovl_cons (t, NULL_TREE);
1468 t = build2 (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (t), t,
1469 TREE_OPERAND (orig_name, 1));
1470 t = build2 (OFFSET_REF, unknown_type_node, decl, t);
1472 PTRMEM_OK_P (t) = 1;
1477 if (TREE_CODE (t) != TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR && !really_overloaded_fn (t))
1479 /* Get rid of a potential OVERLOAD around it. */
1480 t = OVL_CURRENT (t);
1482 /* Unique functions are handled easily. */
1484 /* For non-static member of base class, we need a special rule
1485 for access checking [class.protected]:
1487 If the access is to form a pointer to member, the
1488 nested-name-specifier shall name the derived class
1489 (or any class derived from that class). */
1490 if (address_p && DECL_P (t)
1491 && DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_P (t))
1492 perform_or_defer_access_check (TYPE_BINFO (type), t);
1494 perform_or_defer_access_check (basebinfo, t);
1497 if (DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (t))
1503 TREE_TYPE (fnfields) = unknown_type_node;
1507 else if (address_p && TREE_CODE (member) == FIELD_DECL)
1508 /* We need additional test besides the one in
1509 check_accessibility_of_qualified_id in case it is
1510 a pointer to non-static member. */
1511 perform_or_defer_access_check (TYPE_BINFO (type), member);
1515 /* If MEMBER is non-static, then the program has fallen afoul of
1518 An id-expression that denotes a nonstatic data member or
1519 nonstatic member function of a class can only be used:
1521 -- as part of a class member access (_expr.ref_) in which the
1522 object-expression refers to the member's class or a class
1523 derived from that class, or
1525 -- to form a pointer to member (_expr.unary.op_), or
1527 -- in the body of a nonstatic member function of that class or
1528 of a class derived from that class (_class.mfct.nonstatic_), or
1530 -- in a mem-initializer for a constructor for that class or for
1531 a class derived from that class (_class.base.init_). */
1532 if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (member))
1534 /* Build a representation of a the qualified name suitable
1535 for use as the operand to "&" -- even though the "&" is
1536 not actually present. */
1537 member = build2 (OFFSET_REF, TREE_TYPE (member), decl, member);
1538 /* In Microsoft mode, treat a non-static member function as if
1539 it were a pointer-to-member. */
1540 if (flag_ms_extensions)
1542 PTRMEM_OK_P (member) = 1;
1543 return build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, member, 0);
1545 error ("invalid use of non-static member function %qD",
1546 TREE_OPERAND (member, 1));
1549 else if (TREE_CODE (member) == FIELD_DECL)
1551 error ("invalid use of non-static data member %qD", member);
1552 return error_mark_node;
1557 member = build2 (OFFSET_REF, TREE_TYPE (member), decl, member);
1558 PTRMEM_OK_P (member) = 1;
1562 /* If DECL is a scalar enumeration constant or variable with a
1563 constant initializer, return the initializer (or, its initializers,
1564 recursively); otherwise, return DECL. If INTEGRAL_P, the
1565 initializer is only returned if DECL is an integral
1566 constant-expression. */
1569 constant_value_1 (tree decl, bool integral_p)
1571 while (TREE_CODE (decl) == CONST_DECL
1573 ? DECL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT_VAR_P (decl)
1574 : (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
1575 && CP_TYPE_CONST_NON_VOLATILE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)))))
1578 /* If DECL is a static data member in a template class, we must
1579 instantiate it here. The initializer for the static data
1580 member is not processed until needed; we need it now. */
1582 init = DECL_INITIAL (decl);
1583 /* If we are currently processing a template, the
1584 initializer for a static data member may not be dependent,
1585 but it is not folded until instantiation time. */
1587 init = fold_non_dependent_expr (init);
1588 if (!(init || init == error_mark_node)
1589 || !TREE_TYPE (init)
1591 ? !INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (init))
1592 : (!TREE_CONSTANT (init)
1593 /* Do not return an aggregate constant (of which
1594 string literals are a special case), as we do not
1595 want to make inadvertant copies of such entities,
1596 and we must be sure that their addresses are the
1598 || TREE_CODE (init) == CONSTRUCTOR
1599 || TREE_CODE (init) == STRING_CST)))
1606 /* If DECL is a CONST_DECL, or a constant VAR_DECL initialized by
1607 constant of integral or enumeration type, then return that value.
1608 These are those variables permitted in constant expressions by
1612 integral_constant_value (tree decl)
1614 return constant_value_1 (decl, /*integral_p=*/true);
1617 /* A more relaxed version of integral_constant_value, used by the
1618 common C/C++ code and by the C++ front-end for optimization
1622 decl_constant_value (tree decl)
1624 return constant_value_1 (decl,
1625 /*integral_p=*/processing_template_decl);
1628 /* Common subroutines of build_new and build_vec_delete. */
1630 /* Call the global __builtin_delete to delete ADDR. */
1633 build_builtin_delete_call (tree addr)
1635 mark_used (global_delete_fndecl);
1636 return build_call (global_delete_fndecl, build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, addr));
1639 /* Generate a representation for a C++ "new" expression. PLACEMENT is
1640 a TREE_LIST of placement-new arguments (or NULL_TREE if none). If
1641 NELTS is NULL, TYPE is the type of the storage to be allocated. If
1642 NELTS is not NULL, then this is an array-new allocation; TYPE is
1643 the type of the elements in the array and NELTS is the number of
1644 elements in the array. INIT, if non-NULL, is the initializer for
1645 the new object. If USE_GLOBAL_NEW is true, then the user
1646 explicitly wrote "::new" rather than just "new". */
1649 build_new (tree placement, tree type, tree nelts, tree init,
1654 if (type == error_mark_node)
1655 return error_mark_node;
1657 if (processing_template_decl)
1659 rval = build_min (NEW_EXPR, build_pointer_type (type),
1660 placement, type, nelts, init);
1661 NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (rval) = use_global_new;
1662 TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (rval) = 1;
1668 if (!build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_INT | WANT_ENUM, nelts, false))
1669 pedwarn ("size in array new must have integral type");
1670 nelts = save_expr (cp_convert (sizetype, nelts));
1671 if (nelts == integer_zero_node)
1672 warning (0, "zero size array reserves no space");
1675 /* ``A reference cannot be created by the new operator. A reference
1676 is not an object (8.2.2, 8.4.3), so a pointer to it could not be
1677 returned by new.'' ARM 5.3.3 */
1678 if (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
1680 error ("new cannot be applied to a reference type");
1681 type = TREE_TYPE (type);
1684 if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
1686 error ("new cannot be applied to a function type");
1687 return error_mark_node;
1690 rval = build4 (NEW_EXPR, build_pointer_type (type), placement, type,
1692 NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (rval) = use_global_new;
1693 TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (rval) = 1;
1694 rval = build_new_1 (rval);
1695 if (rval == error_mark_node)
1696 return error_mark_node;
1698 /* Wrap it in a NOP_EXPR so warn_if_unused_value doesn't complain. */
1699 rval = build1 (NOP_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (rval), rval);
1700 TREE_NO_WARNING (rval) = 1;
1705 /* Given a Java class, return a decl for the corresponding java.lang.Class. */
1708 build_java_class_ref (tree type)
1710 tree name = NULL_TREE, class_decl;
1711 static tree CL_suffix = NULL_TREE;
1712 if (CL_suffix == NULL_TREE)
1713 CL_suffix = get_identifier("class$");
1714 if (jclass_node == NULL_TREE)
1716 jclass_node = IDENTIFIER_GLOBAL_VALUE (get_identifier ("jclass"));
1717 if (jclass_node == NULL_TREE)
1718 fatal_error ("call to Java constructor, while %<jclass%> undefined");
1720 jclass_node = TREE_TYPE (jclass_node);
1723 /* Mangle the class$ field. */
1726 for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); field; field = TREE_CHAIN (field))
1727 if (DECL_NAME (field) == CL_suffix)
1729 mangle_decl (field);
1730 name = DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (field);
1734 internal_error ("can't find class$");
1737 class_decl = IDENTIFIER_GLOBAL_VALUE (name);
1738 if (class_decl == NULL_TREE)
1740 class_decl = build_decl (VAR_DECL, name, TREE_TYPE (jclass_node));
1741 TREE_STATIC (class_decl) = 1;
1742 DECL_EXTERNAL (class_decl) = 1;
1743 TREE_PUBLIC (class_decl) = 1;
1744 DECL_ARTIFICIAL (class_decl) = 1;
1745 DECL_IGNORED_P (class_decl) = 1;
1746 pushdecl_top_level (class_decl);
1747 make_decl_rtl (class_decl);
1753 /* Called from cplus_expand_expr when expanding a NEW_EXPR. The return
1754 value is immediately handed to expand_expr. */
1757 build_new_1 (tree exp)
1759 tree placement, init;
1761 /* True iff this is a call to "operator new[]" instead of just
1763 bool array_p = false;
1764 /* True iff ARRAY_P is true and the bound of the array type is
1765 not necessarily a compile time constant. For example, VLA_P is
1766 true for "new int[f()]". */
1768 /* The type being allocated. If ARRAY_P is true, this will be an
1771 /* If ARRAY_P is true, the element type of the array. This is an
1772 never ARRAY_TYPE; for something like "new int[3][4]", the
1773 ELT_TYPE is "int". If ARRAY_P is false, this is the same type as
1776 /* The type of the new-expression. (This type is always a pointer
1779 /* The type pointed to by POINTER_TYPE. This type may be different
1780 from ELT_TYPE for a multi-dimensional array; ELT_TYPE is never an
1781 ARRAY_TYPE, but TYPE may be an ARRAY_TYPE. */
1783 /* A pointer type pointing to the FULL_TYPE. */
1784 tree full_pointer_type;
1785 tree outer_nelts = NULL_TREE;
1786 tree nelts = NULL_TREE;
1787 tree alloc_call, alloc_expr;
1788 /* The address returned by the call to "operator new". This node is
1789 a VAR_DECL and is therefore reusable. */
1792 tree cookie_expr, init_expr;
1793 int nothrow, check_new;
1794 /* Nonzero if the user wrote `::new' rather than just `new'. */
1795 int globally_qualified_p;
1796 int use_java_new = 0;
1797 /* If non-NULL, the number of extra bytes to allocate at the
1798 beginning of the storage allocated for an array-new expression in
1799 order to store the number of elements. */
1800 tree cookie_size = NULL_TREE;
1801 /* True if the function we are calling is a placement allocation
1803 bool placement_allocation_fn_p;
1804 tree args = NULL_TREE;
1805 /* True if the storage must be initialized, either by a constructor
1806 or due to an explicit new-initializer. */
1807 bool is_initialized;
1808 /* The address of the thing allocated, not including any cookie. In
1809 particular, if an array cookie is in use, DATA_ADDR is the
1810 address of the first array element. This node is a VAR_DECL, and
1811 is therefore reusable. */
1813 tree init_preeval_expr = NULL_TREE;
1815 placement = TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0);
1816 type = TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1);
1817 nelts = TREE_OPERAND (exp, 2);
1818 init = TREE_OPERAND (exp, 3);
1819 globally_qualified_p = NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (exp);
1825 outer_nelts = nelts;
1828 /* ??? The middle-end will error on us for building a VLA outside a
1829 function context. Methinks that's not it's purvey. So we'll do
1830 our own VLA layout later. */
1832 full_type = build_cplus_array_type (type, NULL_TREE);
1833 index = convert (sizetype, nelts);
1834 index = size_binop (MINUS_EXPR, index, size_one_node);
1835 TYPE_DOMAIN (full_type) = build_index_type (index);
1840 if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
1843 nelts = array_type_nelts_top (type);
1844 outer_nelts = nelts;
1845 type = TREE_TYPE (type);
1849 if (!complete_type_or_else (type, exp))
1850 return error_mark_node;
1852 /* If our base type is an array, then make sure we know how many elements
1854 for (elt_type = type;
1855 TREE_CODE (elt_type) == ARRAY_TYPE;
1856 elt_type = TREE_TYPE (elt_type))
1857 nelts = cp_build_binary_op (MULT_EXPR, nelts,
1858 array_type_nelts_top (elt_type));
1860 if (TREE_CODE (elt_type) == VOID_TYPE)
1862 error ("invalid type %<void%> for new");
1863 return error_mark_node;
1866 if (abstract_virtuals_error (NULL_TREE, elt_type))
1867 return error_mark_node;
1869 is_initialized = (TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (elt_type) || init);
1870 if (CP_TYPE_CONST_P (elt_type) && !is_initialized)
1872 error ("uninitialized const in %<new%> of %q#T", elt_type);
1873 return error_mark_node;
1876 size = size_in_bytes (elt_type);
1879 size = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, size, convert (sizetype, nelts));
1884 /* Do our own VLA layout. Setting TYPE_SIZE/_UNIT is
1885 necessary in order for the <INIT_EXPR <*foo> <CONSTRUCTOR
1886 ...>> to be valid. */
1887 TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (full_type) = size;
1888 n = convert (bitsizetype, nelts);
1889 bitsize = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, TYPE_SIZE (elt_type), n);
1890 TYPE_SIZE (full_type) = bitsize;
1894 /* Allocate the object. */
1895 if (! placement && TYPE_FOR_JAVA (elt_type))
1897 tree class_addr, alloc_decl;
1898 tree class_decl = build_java_class_ref (elt_type);
1899 static const char alloc_name[] = "_Jv_AllocObject";
1903 if (!get_global_value_if_present (get_identifier (alloc_name),
1906 error ("call to Java constructor with %qs undefined", alloc_name);
1907 return error_mark_node;
1909 else if (really_overloaded_fn (alloc_decl))
1911 error ("%qD should never be overloaded", alloc_decl);
1912 return error_mark_node;
1914 alloc_decl = OVL_CURRENT (alloc_decl);
1915 class_addr = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, jclass_node, class_decl);
1916 alloc_call = (build_function_call
1918 build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, class_addr)));
1925 fnname = ansi_opname (array_p ? VEC_NEW_EXPR : NEW_EXPR);
1927 if (!globally_qualified_p
1928 && CLASS_TYPE_P (elt_type)
1930 ? TYPE_HAS_ARRAY_NEW_OPERATOR (elt_type)
1931 : TYPE_HAS_NEW_OPERATOR (elt_type)))
1933 /* Use a class-specific operator new. */
1934 /* If a cookie is required, add some extra space. */
1935 if (array_p && TYPE_VEC_NEW_USES_COOKIE (elt_type))
1937 cookie_size = targetm.cxx.get_cookie_size (elt_type);
1938 size = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, size, cookie_size);
1940 /* Create the argument list. */
1941 args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, size, placement);
1942 /* Do name-lookup to find the appropriate operator. */
1943 fns = lookup_fnfields (elt_type, fnname, /*protect=*/2);
1944 if (fns == NULL_TREE)
1946 error ("no suitable %qD found in class %qT", fnname, elt_type);
1947 return error_mark_node;
1949 if (TREE_CODE (fns) == TREE_LIST)
1951 error ("request for member %qD is ambiguous", fnname);
1952 print_candidates (fns);
1953 return error_mark_node;
1955 alloc_call = build_new_method_call (build_dummy_object (elt_type),
1957 /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE,
1962 /* Use a global operator new. */
1963 /* See if a cookie might be required. */
1964 if (array_p && TYPE_VEC_NEW_USES_COOKIE (elt_type))
1965 cookie_size = targetm.cxx.get_cookie_size (elt_type);
1967 cookie_size = NULL_TREE;
1969 alloc_call = build_operator_new_call (fnname, placement,
1970 &size, &cookie_size);
1974 if (alloc_call == error_mark_node)
1975 return error_mark_node;
1977 /* In the simple case, we can stop now. */
1978 pointer_type = build_pointer_type (type);
1979 if (!cookie_size && !is_initialized)
1980 return build_nop (pointer_type, alloc_call);
1982 /* While we're working, use a pointer to the type we've actually
1983 allocated. Store the result of the call in a variable so that we
1984 can use it more than once. */
1985 full_pointer_type = build_pointer_type (full_type);
1986 alloc_expr = get_target_expr (build_nop (full_pointer_type, alloc_call));
1987 alloc_node = TARGET_EXPR_SLOT (alloc_expr);
1989 /* Strip any COMPOUND_EXPRs from ALLOC_CALL. */
1990 while (TREE_CODE (alloc_call) == COMPOUND_EXPR)
1991 alloc_call = TREE_OPERAND (alloc_call, 1);
1992 alloc_fn = get_callee_fndecl (alloc_call);
1993 gcc_assert (alloc_fn != NULL_TREE);
1995 /* Now, check to see if this function is actually a placement
1996 allocation function. This can happen even when PLACEMENT is NULL
1997 because we might have something like:
1999 struct S { void* operator new (size_t, int i = 0); };
2001 A call to `new S' will get this allocation function, even though
2002 there is no explicit placement argument. If there is more than
2003 one argument, or there are variable arguments, then this is a
2004 placement allocation function. */
2005 placement_allocation_fn_p
2006 = (type_num_arguments (TREE_TYPE (alloc_fn)) > 1
2007 || varargs_function_p (alloc_fn));
2009 /* Preevaluate the placement args so that we don't reevaluate them for a
2010 placement delete. */
2011 if (placement_allocation_fn_p)
2014 stabilize_call (alloc_call, &inits);
2016 alloc_expr = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (alloc_expr), inits,
2020 /* unless an allocation function is declared with an empty excep-
2021 tion-specification (_except.spec_), throw(), it indicates failure to
2022 allocate storage by throwing a bad_alloc exception (clause _except_,
2023 _lib.bad.alloc_); it returns a non-null pointer otherwise If the allo-
2024 cation function is declared with an empty exception-specification,
2025 throw(), it returns null to indicate failure to allocate storage and a
2026 non-null pointer otherwise.
2028 So check for a null exception spec on the op new we just called. */
2030 nothrow = TYPE_NOTHROW_P (TREE_TYPE (alloc_fn));
2031 check_new = (flag_check_new || nothrow) && ! use_java_new;
2038 /* Adjust so we're pointing to the start of the object. */
2039 data_addr = get_target_expr (build2 (PLUS_EXPR, full_pointer_type,
2040 alloc_node, cookie_size));
2042 /* Store the number of bytes allocated so that we can know how
2043 many elements to destroy later. We use the last sizeof
2044 (size_t) bytes to store the number of elements. */
2045 cookie_ptr = build2 (MINUS_EXPR, build_pointer_type (sizetype),
2046 data_addr, size_in_bytes (sizetype));
2047 cookie = build_indirect_ref (cookie_ptr, NULL);
2049 cookie_expr = build2 (MODIFY_EXPR, sizetype, cookie, nelts);
2051 if (targetm.cxx.cookie_has_size ())
2053 /* Also store the element size. */
2054 cookie_ptr = build2 (MINUS_EXPR, build_pointer_type (sizetype),
2055 cookie_ptr, size_in_bytes (sizetype));
2056 cookie = build_indirect_ref (cookie_ptr, NULL);
2057 cookie = build2 (MODIFY_EXPR, sizetype, cookie,
2058 size_in_bytes(elt_type));
2059 cookie_expr = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (cookie_expr),
2060 cookie, cookie_expr);
2062 data_addr = TARGET_EXPR_SLOT (data_addr);
2066 cookie_expr = NULL_TREE;
2067 data_addr = alloc_node;
2070 /* Now initialize the allocated object. Note that we preevaluate the
2071 initialization expression, apart from the actual constructor call or
2072 assignment--we do this because we want to delay the allocation as long
2073 as possible in order to minimize the size of the exception region for
2074 placement delete. */
2079 init_expr = build_indirect_ref (data_addr, NULL);
2083 bool explicit_default_init_p = false;
2085 if (init == void_zero_node)
2088 explicit_default_init_p = true;
2091 pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids initialization in array new");
2094 = build_vec_init (init_expr,
2095 cp_build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, outer_nelts,
2098 explicit_default_init_p,
2101 /* An array initialization is stable because the initialization
2102 of each element is a full-expression, so the temporaries don't
2108 if (init == void_zero_node)
2109 init = build_default_init (full_type, nelts);
2111 if (TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type))
2113 init_expr = build_special_member_call (init_expr,
2114 complete_ctor_identifier,
2117 stable = stabilize_init (init_expr, &init_preeval_expr);
2121 /* We are processing something like `new int (10)', which
2122 means allocate an int, and initialize it with 10. */
2124 if (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST)
2125 init = build_x_compound_expr_from_list (init,
2128 gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (init) != CONSTRUCTOR
2129 || TREE_TYPE (init) != NULL_TREE);
2131 init_expr = build_modify_expr (init_expr, INIT_EXPR, init);
2132 stable = stabilize_init (init_expr, &init_preeval_expr);
2136 if (init_expr == error_mark_node)
2137 return error_mark_node;
2139 /* If any part of the object initialization terminates by throwing an
2140 exception and a suitable deallocation function can be found, the
2141 deallocation function is called to free the memory in which the
2142 object was being constructed, after which the exception continues
2143 to propagate in the context of the new-expression. If no
2144 unambiguous matching deallocation function can be found,
2145 propagating the exception does not cause the object's memory to be
2147 if (flag_exceptions && ! use_java_new)
2149 enum tree_code dcode = array_p ? VEC_DELETE_EXPR : DELETE_EXPR;
2152 /* The Standard is unclear here, but the right thing to do
2153 is to use the same method for finding deallocation
2154 functions that we use for finding allocation functions. */
2155 cleanup = build_op_delete_call (dcode, alloc_node, size,
2156 globally_qualified_p,
2157 (placement_allocation_fn_p
2158 ? alloc_call : NULL_TREE));
2163 /* This is much simpler if we were able to preevaluate all of
2164 the arguments to the constructor call. */
2165 init_expr = build2 (TRY_CATCH_EXPR, void_type_node,
2166 init_expr, cleanup);
2168 /* Ack! First we allocate the memory. Then we set our sentry
2169 variable to true, and expand a cleanup that deletes the
2170 memory if sentry is true. Then we run the constructor, and
2171 finally clear the sentry.
2173 We need to do this because we allocate the space first, so
2174 if there are any temporaries with cleanups in the
2175 constructor args and we weren't able to preevaluate them, we
2176 need this EH region to extend until end of full-expression
2177 to preserve nesting. */
2179 tree end, sentry, begin;
2181 begin = get_target_expr (boolean_true_node);
2182 CLEANUP_EH_ONLY (begin) = 1;
2184 sentry = TARGET_EXPR_SLOT (begin);
2186 TARGET_EXPR_CLEANUP (begin)
2187 = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node, sentry,
2188 cleanup, void_zero_node);
2190 end = build2 (MODIFY_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (sentry),
2191 sentry, boolean_false_node);
2194 = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, void_type_node, begin,
2195 build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, void_type_node, init_expr,
2202 init_expr = NULL_TREE;
2204 /* Now build up the return value in reverse order. */
2209 rval = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (rval), init_expr, rval);
2211 rval = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (rval), cookie_expr, rval);
2213 if (rval == alloc_node)
2214 /* If we don't have an initializer or a cookie, strip the TARGET_EXPR
2215 and return the call (which doesn't need to be adjusted). */
2216 rval = TARGET_EXPR_INITIAL (alloc_expr);
2221 tree ifexp = cp_build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, alloc_node,
2223 rval = build_conditional_expr (ifexp, rval, alloc_node);
2226 /* Perform the allocation before anything else, so that ALLOC_NODE
2227 has been initialized before we start using it. */
2228 rval = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (rval), alloc_expr, rval);
2231 if (init_preeval_expr)
2232 rval = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (rval), init_preeval_expr, rval);
2234 /* Convert to the final type. */
2235 rval = build_nop (pointer_type, rval);
2237 /* A new-expression is never an lvalue. */
2238 rval = rvalue (rval);
2244 build_vec_delete_1 (tree base, tree maxindex, tree type,
2245 special_function_kind auto_delete_vec, int use_global_delete)
2248 tree ptype = build_pointer_type (type = complete_type (type));
2249 tree size_exp = size_in_bytes (type);
2251 /* Temporary variables used by the loop. */
2252 tree tbase, tbase_init;
2254 /* This is the body of the loop that implements the deletion of a
2255 single element, and moves temp variables to next elements. */
2258 /* This is the LOOP_EXPR that governs the deletion of the elements. */
2261 /* This is the thing that governs what to do after the loop has run. */
2262 tree deallocate_expr = 0;
2264 /* This is the BIND_EXPR which holds the outermost iterator of the
2265 loop. It is convenient to set this variable up and test it before
2266 executing any other code in the loop.
2267 This is also the containing expression returned by this function. */
2268 tree controller = NULL_TREE;
2270 /* We should only have 1-D arrays here. */
2271 gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (type) != ARRAY_TYPE);
2273 if (! IS_AGGR_TYPE (type) || TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (type))
2276 /* The below is short by the cookie size. */
2277 virtual_size = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, size_exp,
2278 convert (sizetype, maxindex));
2280 tbase = create_temporary_var (ptype);
2281 tbase_init = build_modify_expr (tbase, NOP_EXPR,
2282 fold_build2 (PLUS_EXPR, ptype,
2285 DECL_REGISTER (tbase) = 1;
2286 controller = build3 (BIND_EXPR, void_type_node, tbase,
2287 NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
2288 TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (controller) = 1;
2290 body = build1 (EXIT_EXPR, void_type_node,
2291 build2 (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node, base, tbase));
2292 body = build_compound_expr
2293 (body, build_modify_expr (tbase, NOP_EXPR,
2294 build2 (MINUS_EXPR, ptype, tbase, size_exp)));
2295 body = build_compound_expr
2296 (body, build_delete (ptype, tbase, sfk_complete_destructor,
2297 LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_DESTRUCTOR, 1));
2299 loop = build1 (LOOP_EXPR, void_type_node, body);
2300 loop = build_compound_expr (tbase_init, loop);
2303 /* If the delete flag is one, or anything else with the low bit set,
2304 delete the storage. */
2305 if (auto_delete_vec != sfk_base_destructor)
2309 /* The below is short by the cookie size. */
2310 virtual_size = size_binop (MULT_EXPR, size_exp,
2311 convert (sizetype, maxindex));
2313 if (! TYPE_VEC_NEW_USES_COOKIE (type))
2320 cookie_size = targetm.cxx.get_cookie_size (type);
2322 = cp_convert (ptype,
2323 cp_build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR,
2324 cp_convert (string_type_node,
2327 /* True size with header. */
2328 virtual_size = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, virtual_size, cookie_size);
2331 if (auto_delete_vec == sfk_deleting_destructor)
2332 deallocate_expr = build_x_delete (base_tbd,
2333 2 | use_global_delete,
2338 if (!deallocate_expr)
2341 body = deallocate_expr;
2343 body = build_compound_expr (body, deallocate_expr);
2346 body = integer_zero_node;
2348 /* Outermost wrapper: If pointer is null, punt. */
2349 body = fold_build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node,
2350 fold_build2 (NE_EXPR, boolean_type_node, base,
2351 convert (TREE_TYPE (base),
2352 integer_zero_node)),
2353 body, integer_zero_node);
2354 body = build1 (NOP_EXPR, void_type_node, body);
2358 TREE_OPERAND (controller, 1) = body;
2362 if (TREE_CODE (base) == SAVE_EXPR)
2363 /* Pre-evaluate the SAVE_EXPR outside of the BIND_EXPR. */
2364 body = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, void_type_node, base, body);
2366 return convert_to_void (body, /*implicit=*/NULL);
2369 /* Create an unnamed variable of the indicated TYPE. */
2372 create_temporary_var (tree type)
2376 decl = build_decl (VAR_DECL, NULL_TREE, type);
2377 TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
2378 DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;
2379 DECL_IGNORED_P (decl) = 1;
2380 DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl) = input_location;
2381 DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = current_function_decl;
2386 /* Create a new temporary variable of the indicated TYPE, initialized
2389 It is not entered into current_binding_level, because that breaks
2390 things when it comes time to do final cleanups (which take place
2391 "outside" the binding contour of the function). */
2394 get_temp_regvar (tree type, tree init)
2398 decl = create_temporary_var (type);
2399 add_decl_expr (decl);
2401 finish_expr_stmt (build_modify_expr (decl, INIT_EXPR, init));
2406 /* `build_vec_init' returns tree structure that performs
2407 initialization of a vector of aggregate types.
2409 BASE is a reference to the vector, of ARRAY_TYPE.
2410 MAXINDEX is the maximum index of the array (one less than the
2411 number of elements). It is only used if
2412 TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (BASE)) == NULL_TREE.
2414 INIT is the (possibly NULL) initializer.
2416 If EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_INIT_P is true, then INIT must be NULL. All
2417 elements in the array are default-initialized.
2419 FROM_ARRAY is 0 if we should init everything with INIT
2420 (i.e., every element initialized from INIT).
2421 FROM_ARRAY is 1 if we should index into INIT in parallel
2422 with initialization of DECL.
2423 FROM_ARRAY is 2 if we should index into INIT in parallel,
2424 but use assignment instead of initialization. */
2427 build_vec_init (tree base, tree maxindex, tree init,
2428 bool explicit_default_init_p,
2432 tree base2 = NULL_TREE;
2434 tree itype = NULL_TREE;
2436 /* The type of the array. */
2437 tree atype = TREE_TYPE (base);
2438 /* The type of an element in the array. */
2439 tree type = TREE_TYPE (atype);
2440 /* The element type reached after removing all outer array
2442 tree inner_elt_type;
2443 /* The type of a pointer to an element in the array. */
2448 tree try_block = NULL_TREE;
2449 int num_initialized_elts = 0;
2452 if (TYPE_DOMAIN (atype))
2453 maxindex = array_type_nelts (atype);
2455 if (maxindex == NULL_TREE || maxindex == error_mark_node)
2456 return error_mark_node;
2458 if (explicit_default_init_p)
2461 inner_elt_type = strip_array_types (atype);
2464 ? (!CLASS_TYPE_P (inner_elt_type)
2465 || !TYPE_HAS_COMPLEX_ASSIGN_REF (inner_elt_type))
2466 : !TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type))
2467 && ((TREE_CODE (init) == CONSTRUCTOR
2468 /* Don't do this if the CONSTRUCTOR might contain something
2469 that might throw and require us to clean up. */
2470 && (VEC_empty (constructor_elt, CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (init))
2471 || ! TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (inner_elt_type)))
2474 /* Do non-default initialization of POD arrays resulting from
2475 brace-enclosed initializers. In this case, digest_init and
2476 store_constructor will handle the semantics for us. */
2478 stmt_expr = build2 (INIT_EXPR, atype, base, init);
2482 maxindex = cp_convert (ptrdiff_type_node, maxindex);
2483 ptype = build_pointer_type (type);
2484 size = size_in_bytes (type);
2485 if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (base)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
2486 base = cp_convert (ptype, decay_conversion (base));
2488 /* The code we are generating looks like:
2492 ptrdiff_t iterator = maxindex;
2494 for (; iterator != -1; --iterator) {
2495 ... initialize *t1 ...
2499 ... destroy elements that were constructed ...
2504 We can omit the try and catch blocks if we know that the
2505 initialization will never throw an exception, or if the array
2506 elements do not have destructors. We can omit the loop completely if
2507 the elements of the array do not have constructors.
2509 We actually wrap the entire body of the above in a STMT_EXPR, for
2512 When copying from array to another, when the array elements have
2513 only trivial copy constructors, we should use __builtin_memcpy
2514 rather than generating a loop. That way, we could take advantage
2515 of whatever cleverness the back-end has for dealing with copies
2516 of blocks of memory. */
2518 is_global = begin_init_stmts (&stmt_expr, &compound_stmt);
2519 destroy_temps = stmts_are_full_exprs_p ();
2520 current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = 0;
2521 rval = get_temp_regvar (ptype, base);
2522 base = get_temp_regvar (ptype, rval);
2523 iterator = get_temp_regvar (ptrdiff_type_node, maxindex);
2525 /* Protect the entire array initialization so that we can destroy
2526 the partially constructed array if an exception is thrown.
2527 But don't do this if we're assigning. */
2528 if (flag_exceptions && TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (type)
2531 try_block = begin_try_block ();
2534 if (init != NULL_TREE && TREE_CODE (init) == CONSTRUCTOR)
2536 /* Do non-default initialization of non-POD arrays resulting from
2537 brace-enclosed initializers. */
2538 unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT idx;
2542 FOR_EACH_CONSTRUCTOR_VALUE (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (init), idx, elt)
2544 tree baseref = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, type, base);
2546 num_initialized_elts++;
2548 current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = 1;
2549 if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (type) || TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
2550 finish_expr_stmt (build_aggr_init (baseref, elt, 0));
2552 finish_expr_stmt (build_modify_expr (baseref, NOP_EXPR,
2554 current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = 0;
2556 finish_expr_stmt (build_unary_op (PREINCREMENT_EXPR, base, 0));
2557 finish_expr_stmt (build_unary_op (PREDECREMENT_EXPR, iterator, 0));
2560 /* Clear out INIT so that we don't get confused below. */
2563 else if (from_array)
2565 /* If initializing one array from another, initialize element by
2566 element. We rely upon the below calls the do argument
2570 base2 = decay_conversion (init);
2571 itype = TREE_TYPE (base2);
2572 base2 = get_temp_regvar (itype, base2);
2573 itype = TREE_TYPE (itype);
2575 else if (TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (type)
2576 && TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type)
2577 && ! TYPE_HAS_DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTOR (type))
2579 error ("initializer ends prematurely");
2580 return error_mark_node;
2584 /* Now, default-initialize any remaining elements. We don't need to
2585 do that if a) the type does not need constructing, or b) we've
2586 already initialized all the elements.
2588 We do need to keep going if we're copying an array. */
2591 || ((TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type) || explicit_default_init_p)
2592 && ! (host_integerp (maxindex, 0)
2593 && (num_initialized_elts
2594 == tree_low_cst (maxindex, 0) + 1))))
2596 /* If the ITERATOR is equal to -1, then we don't have to loop;
2597 we've already initialized all the elements. */
2602 for_stmt = begin_for_stmt ();
2603 finish_for_init_stmt (for_stmt);
2604 finish_for_cond (build2 (NE_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
2605 iterator, integer_minus_one_node),
2607 finish_for_expr (build_unary_op (PREDECREMENT_EXPR, iterator, 0),
2610 to = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, type, base);
2617 from = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, itype, base2);
2621 if (from_array == 2)
2622 elt_init = build_modify_expr (to, NOP_EXPR, from);
2623 else if (TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type))
2624 elt_init = build_aggr_init (to, from, 0);
2626 elt_init = build_modify_expr (to, NOP_EXPR, from);
2630 else if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
2634 ("cannot initialize multi-dimensional array with initializer");
2635 elt_init = build_vec_init (build1 (INDIRECT_REF, type, base),
2637 /*explicit_default_init_p=*/false,
2640 else if (!TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type))
2641 elt_init = (build_modify_expr
2643 build_zero_init (type, size_one_node,
2644 /*static_storage_p=*/false)));
2646 elt_init = build_aggr_init (to, init, 0);
2648 current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = 1;
2649 finish_expr_stmt (elt_init);
2650 current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = 0;
2652 finish_expr_stmt (build_unary_op (PREINCREMENT_EXPR, base, 0));
2654 finish_expr_stmt (build_unary_op (PREINCREMENT_EXPR, base2, 0));
2656 finish_for_stmt (for_stmt);
2659 /* Make sure to cleanup any partially constructed elements. */
2660 if (flag_exceptions && TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (type)
2664 tree m = cp_build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, maxindex, iterator);
2666 /* Flatten multi-dimensional array since build_vec_delete only
2667 expects one-dimensional array. */
2668 if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
2669 m = cp_build_binary_op (MULT_EXPR, m,
2670 array_type_nelts_total (type));
2672 finish_cleanup_try_block (try_block);
2673 e = build_vec_delete_1 (rval, m,
2674 inner_elt_type, sfk_base_destructor,
2675 /*use_global_delete=*/0);
2676 finish_cleanup (e, try_block);
2679 /* The value of the array initialization is the array itself, RVAL
2680 is a pointer to the first element. */
2681 finish_stmt_expr_expr (rval, stmt_expr);
2683 stmt_expr = finish_init_stmts (is_global, stmt_expr, compound_stmt);
2685 /* Now convert make the result have the correct type. */
2686 atype = build_pointer_type (atype);
2687 stmt_expr = build1 (NOP_EXPR, atype, stmt_expr);
2688 stmt_expr = build_indirect_ref (stmt_expr, NULL);
2690 current_stmt_tree ()->stmts_are_full_exprs_p = destroy_temps;
2694 /* Free up storage of type TYPE, at address ADDR.
2696 TYPE is a POINTER_TYPE and can be ptr_type_node for no special type
2699 VIRTUAL_SIZE is the amount of storage that was allocated, and is
2700 used as the second argument to operator delete. It can include
2701 things like padding and magic size cookies. It has virtual in it,
2702 because if you have a base pointer and you delete through a virtual
2703 destructor, it should be the size of the dynamic object, not the
2704 static object, see Free Store 12.5 ISO C++.
2706 This does not call any destructors. */
2709 build_x_delete (tree addr, int which_delete, tree virtual_size)
2711 int use_global_delete = which_delete & 1;
2712 int use_vec_delete = !!(which_delete & 2);
2713 enum tree_code code = use_vec_delete ? VEC_DELETE_EXPR : DELETE_EXPR;
2715 return build_op_delete_call (code, addr, virtual_size, use_global_delete,
2719 /* Call the DTOR_KIND destructor for EXP. FLAGS are as for
2723 build_dtor_call (tree exp, special_function_kind dtor_kind, int flags)
2729 case sfk_complete_destructor:
2730 name = complete_dtor_identifier;
2733 case sfk_base_destructor:
2734 name = base_dtor_identifier;
2737 case sfk_deleting_destructor:
2738 name = deleting_dtor_identifier;
2744 fn = lookup_fnfields (TREE_TYPE (exp), name, /*protect=*/2);
2745 return build_new_method_call (exp, fn,
2747 /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE,
2751 /* Generate a call to a destructor. TYPE is the type to cast ADDR to.
2752 ADDR is an expression which yields the store to be destroyed.
2753 AUTO_DELETE is the name of the destructor to call, i.e., either
2754 sfk_complete_destructor, sfk_base_destructor, or
2755 sfk_deleting_destructor.
2757 FLAGS is the logical disjunction of zero or more LOOKUP_
2758 flags. See cp-tree.h for more info. */
2761 build_delete (tree type, tree addr, special_function_kind auto_delete,
2762 int flags, int use_global_delete)
2766 if (addr == error_mark_node)
2767 return error_mark_node;
2769 /* Can happen when CURRENT_EXCEPTION_OBJECT gets its type
2770 set to `error_mark_node' before it gets properly cleaned up. */
2771 if (type == error_mark_node)
2772 return error_mark_node;
2774 type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type);
2776 if (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE)
2778 bool complete_p = true;
2780 type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (type));
2781 if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
2784 /* We don't want to warn about delete of void*, only other
2785 incomplete types. Deleting other incomplete types
2786 invokes undefined behavior, but it is not ill-formed, so
2787 compile to something that would even do The Right Thing
2788 (TM) should the type have a trivial dtor and no delete
2790 if (!VOID_TYPE_P (type))
2792 complete_type (type);
2793 if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
2795 warning (0, "possible problem detected in invocation of "
2796 "delete operator:");
2797 cxx_incomplete_type_diagnostic (addr, type, 1);
2798 inform ("neither the destructor nor the class-specific "
2799 "operator delete will be called, even if they are "
2800 "declared when the class is defined.");
2804 if (VOID_TYPE_P (type) || !complete_p || !IS_AGGR_TYPE (type))
2805 /* Call the builtin operator delete. */
2806 return build_builtin_delete_call (addr);
2807 if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (addr))
2808 addr = save_expr (addr);
2810 /* Throw away const and volatile on target type of addr. */
2811 addr = convert_force (build_pointer_type (type), addr, 0);
2813 else if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
2817 if (TYPE_DOMAIN (type) == NULL_TREE)
2819 error ("unknown array size in delete");
2820 return error_mark_node;
2822 return build_vec_delete (addr, array_type_nelts (type),
2823 auto_delete, use_global_delete);
2827 /* Don't check PROTECT here; leave that decision to the
2828 destructor. If the destructor is accessible, call it,
2829 else report error. */
2830 addr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, addr, 0);
2831 if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (addr))
2832 addr = save_expr (addr);
2834 addr = convert_force (build_pointer_type (type), addr, 0);
2837 gcc_assert (IS_AGGR_TYPE (type));
2839 if (TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (type))
2841 if (auto_delete != sfk_deleting_destructor)
2842 return void_zero_node;
2844 return build_op_delete_call
2845 (DELETE_EXPR, addr, cxx_sizeof_nowarn (type), use_global_delete,
2850 tree do_delete = NULL_TREE;
2853 if (CLASSTYPE_LAZY_DESTRUCTOR (type))
2854 lazily_declare_fn (sfk_destructor, type);
2856 /* For `::delete x', we must not use the deleting destructor
2857 since then we would not be sure to get the global `operator
2859 if (use_global_delete && auto_delete == sfk_deleting_destructor)
2861 /* We will use ADDR multiple times so we must save it. */
2862 addr = save_expr (addr);
2863 /* Delete the object. */
2864 do_delete = build_builtin_delete_call (addr);
2865 /* Otherwise, treat this like a complete object destructor
2867 auto_delete = sfk_complete_destructor;
2869 /* If the destructor is non-virtual, there is no deleting
2870 variant. Instead, we must explicitly call the appropriate
2871 `operator delete' here. */
2872 else if (!DECL_VIRTUAL_P (CLASSTYPE_DESTRUCTORS (type))
2873 && auto_delete == sfk_deleting_destructor)
2875 /* We will use ADDR multiple times so we must save it. */
2876 addr = save_expr (addr);
2877 /* Build the call. */
2878 do_delete = build_op_delete_call (DELETE_EXPR,
2880 cxx_sizeof_nowarn (type),
2883 /* Call the complete object destructor. */
2884 auto_delete = sfk_complete_destructor;
2886 else if (auto_delete == sfk_deleting_destructor
2887 && TYPE_GETS_REG_DELETE (type))
2889 /* Make sure we have access to the member op delete, even though
2890 we'll actually be calling it from the destructor. */
2891 build_op_delete_call (DELETE_EXPR, addr, cxx_sizeof_nowarn (type),
2892 /*global_p=*/false, NULL_TREE);
2895 expr = build_dtor_call (build_indirect_ref (addr, NULL),
2896 auto_delete, flags);
2898 expr = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, void_type_node, expr, do_delete);
2900 if (flags & LOOKUP_DESTRUCTOR)
2901 /* Explicit destructor call; don't check for null pointer. */
2902 ifexp = integer_one_node;
2904 /* Handle deleting a null pointer. */
2905 ifexp = fold (cp_build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, addr, integer_zero_node));
2907 if (ifexp != integer_one_node)
2908 expr = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node,
2909 ifexp, expr, void_zero_node);
2915 /* At the beginning of a destructor, push cleanups that will call the
2916 destructors for our base classes and members.
2918 Called from begin_destructor_body. */
2921 push_base_cleanups (void)
2923 tree binfo, base_binfo;
2927 VEC(tree,gc) *vbases;
2929 /* Run destructors for all virtual baseclasses. */
2930 if (CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES (current_class_type))
2932 tree cond = (condition_conversion
2933 (build2 (BIT_AND_EXPR, integer_type_node,
2934 current_in_charge_parm,
2935 integer_two_node)));
2937 /* The CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES vector is in initialization
2938 order, which is also the right order for pushing cleanups. */
2939 for (vbases = CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES (current_class_type), i = 0;
2940 VEC_iterate (tree, vbases, i, base_binfo); i++)
2942 if (TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (BINFO_TYPE (base_binfo)))
2944 expr = build_special_member_call (current_class_ref,
2945 base_dtor_identifier,
2949 | LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL));
2950 expr = build3 (COND_EXPR, void_type_node, cond,
2951 expr, void_zero_node);
2952 finish_decl_cleanup (NULL_TREE, expr);
2957 /* Take care of the remaining baseclasses. */
2958 for (binfo = TYPE_BINFO (current_class_type), i = 0;
2959 BINFO_BASE_ITERATE (binfo, i, base_binfo); i++)
2961 if (TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (BINFO_TYPE (base_binfo))
2962 || BINFO_VIRTUAL_P (base_binfo))
2965 expr = build_special_member_call (current_class_ref,
2966 base_dtor_identifier,
2967 NULL_TREE, base_binfo,
2968 LOOKUP_NORMAL | LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL);
2969 finish_decl_cleanup (NULL_TREE, expr);
2972 for (member = TYPE_FIELDS (current_class_type); member;
2973 member = TREE_CHAIN (member))
2975 if (TREE_CODE (member) != FIELD_DECL || DECL_ARTIFICIAL (member))
2977 if (TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (TREE_TYPE (member)))
2979 tree this_member = (build_class_member_access_expr
2980 (current_class_ref, member,
2981 /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
2982 /*preserve_reference=*/false));
2983 tree this_type = TREE_TYPE (member);
2984 expr = build_delete (this_type, this_member,
2985 sfk_complete_destructor,
2986 LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL|LOOKUP_DESTRUCTOR|LOOKUP_NORMAL,
2988 finish_decl_cleanup (NULL_TREE, expr);
2993 /* Build a C++ vector delete expression.
2994 MAXINDEX is the number of elements to be deleted.
2995 ELT_SIZE is the nominal size of each element in the vector.
2996 BASE is the expression that should yield the store to be deleted.
2997 This function expands (or synthesizes) these calls itself.
2998 AUTO_DELETE_VEC says whether the container (vector) should be deallocated.
3000 This also calls delete for virtual baseclasses of elements of the vector.
3002 Update: MAXINDEX is no longer needed. The size can be extracted from the
3003 start of the vector for pointers, and from the type for arrays. We still
3004 use MAXINDEX for arrays because it happens to already have one of the
3005 values we'd have to extract. (We could use MAXINDEX with pointers to
3006 confirm the size, and trap if the numbers differ; not clear that it'd
3007 be worth bothering.) */
3010 build_vec_delete (tree base, tree maxindex,
3011 special_function_kind auto_delete_vec, int use_global_delete)
3015 tree base_init = NULL_TREE;
3017 type = TREE_TYPE (base);
3019 if (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE)
3021 /* Step back one from start of vector, and read dimension. */
3024 if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (base))
3026 base_init = get_target_expr (base);
3027 base = TARGET_EXPR_SLOT (base_init);
3029 type = strip_array_types (TREE_TYPE (type));
3030 cookie_addr = build2 (MINUS_EXPR,
3031 build_pointer_type (sizetype),
3033 TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (sizetype));
3034 maxindex = build_indirect_ref (cookie_addr, NULL);
3036 else if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
3038 /* Get the total number of things in the array, maxindex is a
3040 maxindex = array_type_nelts_total (type);
3041 type = strip_array_types (type);
3042 base = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, base, 1);
3043 if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (base))
3045 base_init = get_target_expr (base);
3046 base = TARGET_EXPR_SLOT (base_init);
3051 if (base != error_mark_node)
3052 error ("type to vector delete is neither pointer or array type");
3053 return error_mark_node;
3056 rval = build_vec_delete_1 (base, maxindex, type, auto_delete_vec,
3059 rval = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (rval), base_init, rval);