@syncodeindex pg cp
@syncodeindex tp cp
+@c TODO: The following "Part" definitions are included here temporarily
+@c until they are incorporated into the official Texinfo distribution.
+@c They borrow heavily from Texinfo's \unnchapentry definitions.
+
+@tex
+\gdef\part#1#2{%
+ \pchapsepmacro
+ \gdef\thischapter{}
+ \begingroup
+ \vglue\titlepagetopglue
+ \titlefonts \rm
+ \leftline{Part #1:@* #2}
+ \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt width \hsize \vskip4pt
+ \endgroup
+ \writetocentry{part}{#2}{#1}
+}
+\gdef\blankpart{%
+ \writetocentry{blankpart}{}{}
+}
+% Part TOC-entry definition for summary contents.
+\gdef\dosmallpartentry#1#2#3#4{%
+ \vskip .5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip
+ \begingroup
+ \let\rm=\bf \rm
+ \tocentry{Part #2: #1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}
+ \endgroup
+}
+\gdef\dosmallblankpartentry#1#2#3#4{%
+ \vskip .5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip
+}
+% Part TOC-entry definition for regular contents. This has to be
+% equated to an existing entry to not cause problems when the PDF
+% outline is created.
+\gdef\dopartentry#1#2#3#4{%
+ \unnchapentry{Part #2: #1}{}{#3}{#4}
+}
+\gdef\doblankpartentry#1#2#3#4{}
+@end tex
+
@c %**end of header
@c Use with @@smallbook.
@sp 1
@insertcopying
@end titlepage
+
+@c TODO: The following "Part" definitions are included here temporarily
+@c until they are incorporated into the official Texinfo distribution.
+
+@tex
+\global\let\partentry=\dosmallpartentry
+\global\let\blankpartentry=\dosmallblankpartentry
+@end tex
@summarycontents
+
+@tex
+\global\let\partentry=\dopartentry
+\global\let\blankpartentry=\doblankpartentry
+@end tex
@contents
+
@page
@node Top
@comment better formatting.
@comment
@menu
+Part I: About GNU Fortran
* Getting Started:: What you should know about GNU Fortran.
* GNU Fortran and GCC:: You can compile Fortran, C, or other programs.
* GNU Fortran and G77:: Why we chose to start from scratch.
-* Invoking GNU Fortran:: Command options supported by @command{gfortran}.
* Project Status:: Status of GNU Fortran, roadmap, proposed extensions.
-* Contributing:: How you can help.
* Standards:: Standards supported by GNU Fortran.
+
+Part II: Invoking GNU Fortran
+* Invoking GNU Fortran:: Command options supported by @command{gfortran}.
* Runtime:: Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables.
+
+Part III: Language Reference
+* Fortran 2003 status:: Fortran 2003 features supported by GNU Fortran.
* Extensions:: Language extensions implemented by GNU Fortran.
* Intrinsic Procedures:: Intrinsic procedures supported by GNU Fortran.
+
+* Contributing:: How you can help.
* Copying:: GNU General Public License says
how you can copy and share GNU Fortran.
* GNU Free Documentation License::
@end menu
+@c =====================================================================
+@c PART I: ABOUT GNU FORTRAN
+@c =====================================================================
+
+@tex
+\part{I}{About GNU Fortran}
+@end tex
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c Getting Started
@item
Read a user's program,
stored in a file and containing instructions written
-in Fortran 77, Fortran 90 or Fortran 95.
+in Fortran 77, Fortran 90, Fortran 95 or Fortran 2003.
This file contains @dfn{source code}.
@item
@end itemize
-
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c GNU Fortran and GCC
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
command line options.
-
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c GNU Fortran and G77
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
develop ourselves than to do a major overhaul of @command{g77} first,
and then build a Fortran 95 compiler out of it.
-@include invoke.texi
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c Project Status
(even though Andy had already been working on it for a while,
of course).
-@menu
-* Compiler and Library Status::
-* Proposed Extensions::
-@end menu
-
-@node Compiler and Library Status
-@section Compiler and Library Status
-
The GNU Fortran compiler is able to compile nearly all
standard-compliant Fortran 95, Fortran 90, and Fortran 77 programs,
including a number of standard and non-standard extensions, and can be
@uref{http://mysite.verizon.net/serveall/moene.pdf, the HIRLAM
weather-forecasting code} and
@uref{http://www.theochem.uwa.edu.au/tonto/, the Tonto quantum
-chemistry package}.
+chemistry package}; see @url{http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GfortranApps} for an
+extended list.
Among other things, the GNU Fortran compiler is intended as a replacement
for G77. At this point, nearly all programs that could be compiled with
categories: bug fixing (primarily regarding the treatment of invalid code
and providing useful error messages), improving the compiler optimizations
and the performance of compiled code, and extending the compiler to support
-future standards -- in particular, Fortran 2003.
-
-
-@node Proposed Extensions
-@section Proposed Extensions
-
-Here's a list of proposed extensions for the GNU Fortran compiler, in no particular
-order. Most of these are necessary to be fully compatible with
-existing Fortran compilers, but they are not part of the official
-J3 Fortran 95 standard.
-
-@subsection Compiler extensions:
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-User-specified alignment rules for structures.
-
-@item
-Flag to generate @code{Makefile} info.
-
-@item
-Automatically extend single precision constants to double.
-
-@item
-Compile code that conserves memory by dynamically allocating common and
-module storage either on stack or heap.
-
-@item
-Compile flag to generate code for array conformance checking (suggest -CC).
-
-@item
-User control of symbol names (underscores, etc).
-
-@item
-Compile setting for maximum size of stack frame size before spilling
-parts to static or heap.
+future standards---in particular, Fortran 2003.
-@item
-Flag to force local variables into static space.
-@item
-Flag to force local variables onto stack.
-
-@item
-Flag for maximum errors before ending compile.
-
-@item
-Option to initialize otherwise uninitialized integer and floating
-point variables.
-@end itemize
-
-
-@subsection Environment Options
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Pluggable library modules for random numbers, linear algebra.
-LA should use BLAS calling conventions.
-
-@item
-Environment variables controlling actions on arithmetic exceptions like
-overflow, underflow, precision loss -- Generate NaN, abort, default.
-action.
-
-@item
-Set precision for fp units that support it (i387).
-
-@item
-Variable for setting fp rounding mode.
-
-@item
-Variable to fill uninitialized variables with a user-defined bit
-pattern.
+@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+@c Standards
+@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-@item
-Environment variable controlling filename that is opened for that unit
-number.
+@node Standards
+@chapter Standards
+@cindex Standards
-@item
-Environment variable to clear/trash memory being freed.
+The GNU Fortran compiler implements
+ISO/IEC 1539:1997 (Fortran 95). As such, it can also compile essentially all
+standard-compliant Fortran 90 and Fortran 77 programs. It also supports
+the ISO/IEC TR-15581 enhancements to allocatable arrays, and
+the @uref{http://www.openmp.org/drupal/mp-documents/spec25.pdf,
+OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5} specification.
-@item
-Environment variable to control tracing of allocations and frees.
+In the future, the GNU Fortran compiler may also support other standard
+variants of and extensions to the Fortran language. These include
+ISO/IEC 1539-1:2004 (Fortran 2003).
-@item
-Environment variable to display allocated memory at normal program end.
-@item
-Environment variable for filename for * IO-unit.
+@c =====================================================================
+@c PART II: INVOCATION REFERENCE
+@c =====================================================================
-@item
-Environment variable for temporary file directory.
+@tex
+\part{II}{Invoking GNU Fortran}
+@end tex
-@item
-Environment variable forcing standard output to be line buffered (unix).
+@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+@c Compiler Options
+@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-@end itemize
+@include invoke.texi
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@smallexample
$ GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR=' , ' ./a.out
@end smallexample
-when @code{a.out} is the compiled Fortran program that you want to run.
+when @command{a.out} is the compiled Fortran program that you want to run.
Default is a single space.
@node GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT
@item @code{BIG_ENDIAN} Use the big-endian format for unformatted files.
@end itemize
A missing mode for an exception is taken to mean @code{BIG_ENDIAN}.
-Examples of values for @code{GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT} are:
+Examples of values for @env{GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT} are:
@itemize @w{}
@item @code{'big_endian'} Do all unformatted I/O in big_endian mode.
@item @code{'little_endian;native:10-20,25'} Do all unformatted I/O
@end itemize
Setting the environment variables should be done on the command
-line or via the @code{export}
-command for @code{sh}-compatible shells and via @code{setenv}
-for @code{csh}-compatible shells.
+line or via the @command{export}
+command for @command{sh}-compatible shells and via @command{setenv}
+for @command{csh}-compatible shells.
-Example for @code{sh}:
+Example for @command{sh}:
@smallexample
$ gfortran foo.f90
$ GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT='big_endian;native:10-20' ./a.out
@end smallexample
-Example code for @code{csh}:
+Example code for @command{csh}:
@smallexample
% gfortran foo.f90
% setenv GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT 'big_endian;native:10-20'
@xref{CONVERT specifier}, for an alternative way to specify the
data representation for unformatted files. @xref{Runtime Options}, for
setting a default data representation for the whole program. The
-@code{CONVERT} specifier overrides the @code{-fconvert} compile options.
+@code{CONVERT} specifier overrides the @option{-fconvert} compile options.
+
+
+@c =====================================================================
+@c PART III: LANGUAGE REFERENCE
+@c =====================================================================
+
+@tex
+\part{III}{Language Reference}
+@end tex
+
+@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+@c Fortran 2003 Status
+@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@node Fortran 2003 status
+@chapter Fortran 2003 Status
+
+Although GNU Fortran focuses on implementing the Fortran 95
+standard for the time being, a few Fortran 2003 features are currently
+available.
+
+@itemize
+@item
+Intrinsics @code{command_argument_count}, @code{get_command},
+@code{get_command_argument}, @code{get_environment_variable}, and
+@code{move_alloc}.
+
+@item
+@cindex Array constructors
+@cindex @code{[...]}
+Array constructors using square brackets. That is, @code{[...]} rather
+than @code{(/.../)}.
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{FLUSH} statement
+@code{FLUSH} statement.
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{IOMSG=} specifier
+@code{IOMSG=} specifier for I/O statements.
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{ENUM} statement
+@cindex @code{ENUMERATOR} statement
+@cindex @command{-fshort-enums}
+Support for the declaration of enumeration constants via the
+@code{ENUM} and @code{ENUMERATOR} statements. Interoperability with
+@command{gcc} is guaranteed also for the case where the
+@command{-fshort-enums} command line option is given.
+
+@item
+@cindex TR 15581
+TR 15581:
+@itemize
+@item
+@cindex @code{ALLOCATABLE} dummy arguments
+@code{ALLOCATABLE} dummy arguments.
+@item
+@cindex @code{ALLOCATABLE} function results
+@code{ALLOCATABLE} function results
+@item
+@cindex @code{ALLOCATABLE} components of derived types
+@code{ALLOCATABLE} components of derived types
+@end itemize
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{STREAM} I/O
+@cindex @code{ACCESS='STREAM'} I/O
+The @code{OPEN} statement supports the @code{ACCESS='STREAM'} specifier,
+allowing I/O without any record structure.
+
+@item
+Namelist input/output for internal files.
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{PROTECTED}
+The @code{PROTECTED} statement and attribute.
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{VALUE}
+The @code{VALUE} statement and attribute.
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{VOLATILE}
+The @code{VOLATILE} statement and attribute.
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{IMPORT}
+The @code{IMPORT} statement, allowing to import
+host-associated derived types.
+
+@item
+@cindex @code{USE, INTRINSIC}
+@cindex @code{ISO_FORTRAN_ENV}
+@code{USE} statement with @code{INTRINSIC} and @code{NON_INTRINSIC}
+attribute; supported intrinsic modules: @code{ISO_FORTRAN_ENV},
+@code{OMP_LIB} and @code{OMP_LIB_KINDS}.
+
+@end itemize
+
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c Extensions
@end smallexample
The pointer is an integer that is intended to hold a memory address.
The pointee may be an array or scalar. A pointee can be an assumed
-size array -- that is, the last dimension may be left unspecified by
-using a '*' in place of a value -- but a pointee cannot be an assumed
+size array---that is, the last dimension may be left unspecified by
+using a '*' in place of a value---but a pointee cannot be an assumed
shape array. No space is allocated for the pointee.
The pointee may have its type declared before or after the pointer
@cindex OpenMP
GNU Fortran attempts to be OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5
-compatible when invoked with the @code{-fopenmp} option. GNU Fortran
+compatible when invoked with the @option{-fopenmp} option. GNU Fortran
then generates parallelized code according to the OpenMP directives
used in the source. The OpenMP Fortran runtime library
-routines are provided both in a form of Fortran 90 module named
+routines are provided both in a form of a Fortran 90 module named
@code{omp_lib} and in a form of a Fortran @code{include} file named
-@code{omp_lib.h}.
+@file{omp_lib.h}.
For details refer to the actual
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/drupal/mp-documents/spec25.pdf,
OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5} specification.
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-@include intrinsic.texi
+@c Intrinsic Procedures
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+@include intrinsic.texi
+
+
+@tex
+\blankpart
+@end tex
+
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c Contributing
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@node Contributing
-@chapter Contributing
+@unnumbered Contributing
@cindex Contributing
Free software is only possible if people contribute to efforts
@menu
* Contributors::
* Projects::
+* Proposed Extensions::
@end menu
@c TODO: email!
-@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c Standards
-@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+@node Proposed Extensions
+@section Proposed Extensions
-@node Standards
-@chapter Standards
-@cindex Standards
+Here's a list of proposed extensions for the GNU Fortran compiler, in no particular
+order. Most of these are necessary to be fully compatible with
+existing Fortran compilers, but they are not part of the official
+J3 Fortran 95 standard.
-The GNU Fortran compiler aims to be a conforming implementation of
-ISO/IEC 1539:1997 (Fortran 95).
+@subsection Compiler extensions:
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+User-specified alignment rules for structures.
-In the future it may also support other variants of and extensions to
-the Fortran language. These include ANSI Fortran 77, ISO Fortran 90,
-ISO Fortran 2003 and OpenMP.
+@item
+Flag to generate @code{Makefile} info.
-@menu
-* Fortran 2003 status::
-@end menu
+@item
+Automatically extend single precision constants to double.
-@node Fortran 2003 status
-@section Fortran 2003 status
+@item
+Compile code that conserves memory by dynamically allocating common and
+module storage either on stack or heap.
-Although GNU Fortran focuses on implementing the Fortran 95
-standard for the time being, a few Fortran 2003 features are currently
-available.
+@item
+Compile flag to generate code for array conformance checking (suggest -CC).
-@itemize
-@item
-Intrinsics @code{command_argument_count}, @code{get_command},
-@code{get_command_argument}, @code{get_environment_variable}, and
-@code{move_alloc}.
+@item
+User control of symbol names (underscores, etc).
-@item
-@cindex Array constructors
-@cindex @code{[...]}
-Array constructors using square brackets. That is, @code{[...]} rather
-than @code{(/.../)}.
+@item
+Compile setting for maximum size of stack frame size before spilling
+parts to static or heap.
@item
-@cindex @code{FLUSH} statement
-@code{FLUSH} statement.
+Flag to force local variables into static space.
@item
-@cindex @code{IOMSG=} specifier
-@code{IOMSG=} specifier for I/O statements.
+Flag to force local variables onto stack.
@item
-@cindex @code{ENUM} statement
-@cindex @code{ENUMERATOR} statement
-@cindex @command{-fshort-enums}
-Support for the declaration of enumeration constants via the
-@code{ENUM} and @code{ENUMERATOR} statements. Interoperability with
-@command{gcc} is guaranteed also for the case where the
-@command{-fshort-enums} command line option is given.
+Flag for maximum errors before ending compile.
@item
-@cindex TR 15581
-TR 15581:
-@itemize
+Option to initialize otherwise uninitialized integer and floating
+point variables.
+@end itemize
+
+
+@subsection Environment Options
+@itemize @bullet
@item
-@cindex @code{ALLOCATABLE} dummy arguments
-@code{ALLOCATABLE} dummy arguments.
+Pluggable library modules for random numbers, linear algebra.
+LA should use BLAS calling conventions.
+
@item
-@cindex @code{ALLOCATABLE} function results
-@code{ALLOCATABLE} function results
+Environment variables controlling actions on arithmetic exceptions like
+overflow, underflow, precision loss---Generate NaN, abort, default.
+action.
+
@item
-@cindex @code{ALLOCATABLE} components of derived types
-@code{ALLOCATABLE} components of derived types
-@end itemize
+Set precision for fp units that support it (i387).
@item
-@cindex @code{STREAM} I/O
-@cindex @code{ACCESS='STREAM'} I/O
-The @code{OPEN} statement supports the @code{ACCESS='STREAM'} specifier,
-allowing I/O without any record structure.
+Variable for setting fp rounding mode.
+
+@item
+Variable to fill uninitialized variables with a user-defined bit
+pattern.
+
+@item
+Environment variable controlling filename that is opened for that unit
+number.
+
+@item
+Environment variable to clear/trash memory being freed.
+@item
+Environment variable to control tracing of allocations and frees.
+@item
+Environment variable to display allocated memory at normal program end.
+
+@item
+Environment variable for filename for * IO-unit.
+
+@item
+Environment variable for temporary file directory.
+
+@item
+Environment variable forcing standard output to be line buffered (unix).
@end itemize
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