@c Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
-@c 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
+@c 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c This is part of the GCC manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
@c man begin COPYRIGHT
Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
-1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
+1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'' and ``Funding
Free Software'', the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with
@gccoptlist{-c -S -E -o @var{file} -combine -no-canonical-prefixes @gol
-pipe -pass-exit-codes @gol
-x @var{language} -v -### --help@r{[}=@var{class}@r{[},@dots{}@r{]]} --target-help @gol
---version -wrapper@@@var{file} -fplugin=@var{file} -fplugin-arg-@var{name}=@var{arg}}
+--version -wrapper@@@var{file} -fplugin=@var{file} -fplugin-arg-@var{name}=@var{arg} @gol
+-fdump-ada-spec@r{[}-slim@r{]}}
@item C Language Options
@xref{C Dialect Options,,Options Controlling C Dialect}.
-fno-implicit-templates @gol
-fno-implicit-inline-templates @gol
-fno-implement-inlines -fms-extensions @gol
--fno-nonansi-builtins -fno-operator-names @gol
+-fno-nonansi-builtins -fnothrow-opt -fno-operator-names @gol
-fno-optional-diags -fpermissive @gol
-fno-pretty-templates @gol
--frepo -fno-rtti -fstats -ftemplate-depth-@var{n} @gol
+-frepo -fno-rtti -fstats -ftemplate-depth=@var{n} @gol
-fno-threadsafe-statics -fuse-cxa-atexit -fno-weak -nostdinc++ @gol
-fno-default-inline -fvisibility-inlines-hidden @gol
-fvisibility-ms-compat @gol
--Wabi -Wctor-dtor-privacy @gol
+-Wabi -Wconversion-null -Wctor-dtor-privacy @gol
-Wnon-virtual-dtor -Wreorder @gol
-Weffc++ -Wstrict-null-sentinel @gol
-Wno-non-template-friend -Wold-style-cast @gol
-Wno-attributes -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined @gol
-Wc++-compat -Wc++0x-compat -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual @gol
-Wchar-subscripts -Wclobbered -Wcomment @gol
--Wconversion -Wcoverage-mismatch -Wno-deprecated @gol
+-Wconversion -Wcoverage-mismatch -Wcpp -Wno-deprecated @gol
-Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wdisabled-optimization @gol
-Wno-div-by-zero -Wempty-body -Wenum-compare -Wno-endif-labels @gol
-Werror -Werror=* @gol
-Wlogical-op -Wlong-long @gol
-Wmain -Wmissing-braces -Wmissing-field-initializers @gol
-Wmissing-format-attribute -Wmissing-include-dirs @gol
--Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-mudflap @gol
+-Wno-mudflap @gol
-Wno-multichar -Wnonnull -Wno-overflow @gol
-Woverlength-strings -Wpacked -Wpacked-bitfield-compat -Wpadded @gol
-Wparentheses -Wpedantic-ms-format -Wno-pedantic-ms-format @gol
-Wsign-compare -Wsign-conversion -Wstack-protector @gol
-Wstrict-aliasing -Wstrict-aliasing=n @gol
-Wstrict-overflow -Wstrict-overflow=@var{n} @gol
+-Wsuggest-attribute=@r{[}const@r{|}pure@r{]} @gol
-Wswitch -Wswitch-default -Wswitch-enum -Wsync-nand @gol
-Wsystem-headers -Wtrigraphs -Wtype-limits -Wundef -Wuninitialized @gol
--Wunknown-pragmas -Wno-pragmas -Wunreachable-code @gol
+-Wunknown-pragmas -Wno-pragmas @gol
-Wunsuffixed-float-constants -Wunused -Wunused-function @gol
-Wunused-label -Wunused-parameter -Wno-unused-result -Wunused-value -Wunused-variable @gol
--Wvariadic-macros -Wvla @gol
+-Wunused-but-set-parameter -Wunused-but-set-variable -Wvariadic-macros -Wvla @gol
-Wvolatile-register-var -Wwrite-strings}
@item C and Objective-C-only Warning Options
-frandom-seed=@var{string} -fsched-verbose=@var{n} @gol
-fsel-sched-verbose -fsel-sched-dump-cfg -fsel-sched-pipelining-verbose @gol
-ftest-coverage -ftime-report -fvar-tracking @gol
--fvar-tracking-assigments -fvar-tracking-assignments-toggle @gol
+-fvar-tracking-assignments -fvar-tracking-assignments-toggle @gol
-g -g@var{level} -gtoggle -gcoff -gdwarf-@var{version} @gol
-ggdb -gstabs -gstabs+ -gstrict-dwarf -gno-strict-dwarf @gol
-gvms -gxcoff -gxcoff+ @gol
-fgcse-sm -fif-conversion -fif-conversion2 -findirect-inlining @gol
-finline-functions -finline-functions-called-once -finline-limit=@var{n} @gol
-finline-small-functions -fipa-cp -fipa-cp-clone -fipa-matrix-reorg -fipa-pta @gol
--fipa-pure-const -fipa-reference -fipa-struct-reorg @gol
--fipa-type-escape -fira-algorithm=@var{algorithm} @gol
+-fipa-profile -fipa-pure-const -fipa-reference -fipa-struct-reorg @gol
+-fira-algorithm=@var{algorithm} @gol
-fira-region=@var{region} -fira-coalesce @gol
-fira-loop-pressure -fno-ira-share-save-slots @gol
-fno-ira-share-spill-slots -fira-verbose=@var{n} @gol
-freciprocal-math -fregmove -frename-registers -freorder-blocks @gol
-freorder-blocks-and-partition -freorder-functions @gol
-frerun-cse-after-loop -freschedule-modulo-scheduled-loops @gol
--frounding-math -fsched2-use-superblocks @gol
--fsched2-use-traces -fsched-pressure @gol
+-frounding-math -fsched2-use-superblocks -fsched-pressure @gol
-fsched-spec-load -fsched-spec-load-dangerous @gol
-fsched-stalled-insns-dep[=@var{n}] -fsched-stalled-insns[=@var{n}] @gol
-fsched-group-heuristic -fsched-critical-path-heuristic @gol
-funit-at-a-time -funroll-all-loops -funroll-loops @gol
-funsafe-loop-optimizations -funsafe-math-optimizations -funswitch-loops @gol
-fvariable-expansion-in-unroller -fvect-cost-model -fvpt -fweb @gol
--fwhole-program -fwhopr -fwpa -fuse-linker-plugin @gol
+-fwhole-program -fwhopr[=@var{n}] -fwpa -fuse-linker-plugin @gol
--param @var{name}=@var{value}
--O -O0 -O1 -O2 -O3 -Os}
+-O -O0 -O1 -O2 -O3 -Os -Ofast}
@item Preprocessor Options
@xref{Preprocessor Options,,Options Controlling the Preprocessor}.
@item Directory Options
@xref{Directory Options,,Options for Directory Search}.
-@gccoptlist{-B@var{prefix} -I@var{dir} -iquote@var{dir} -L@var{dir}
--specs=@var{file} -I- --sysroot=@var{dir}}
-
-@item Target Options
-@c I wrote this xref this way to avoid overfull hbox. -- rms
-@xref{Target Options}.
-@gccoptlist{-V @var{version} -b @var{machine}}
+@gccoptlist{-B@var{prefix} -I@var{dir} -iplugindir=@var{dir}}
+-iquote@var{dir} -L@var{dir} -specs=@var{file} -I-
+--sysroot=@var{dir}
@item Machine Dependent Options
@xref{Submodel Options,,Hardware Models and Configurations}.
-mcpu=@var{cpu}}
@emph{GNU/Linux Options}
-@gccoptlist{-muclibc}
+@gccoptlist{-mglibc -muclibc -mbionic -mandroid @gol
+-tno-android-cc -tno-android-ld}
@emph{H8/300 Options}
@gccoptlist{-mrelax -mh -ms -mn -mint32 -malign-300}
@emph{RS/6000 and PowerPC Options}
@gccoptlist{-mcpu=@var{cpu-type} @gol
-mtune=@var{cpu-type} @gol
+-mcmodel=@var{code-model} @gol
-mpower -mno-power -mpower2 -mno-power2 @gol
-mpowerpc -mpowerpc64 -mno-powerpc @gol
-maltivec -mno-altivec @gol
-mfloat-gprs=yes -mfloat-gprs=no -mfloat-gprs=single -mfloat-gprs=double @gol
-mprototype -mno-prototype @gol
-msim -mmvme -mads -myellowknife -memb -msdata @gol
--msdata=@var{opt} -mvxworks -G @var{num} -pthread}
+-msdata=@var{opt} -mvxworks -G @var{num} -pthread @gol
+-mrecip -mrecip=@var{opt} -mno-recip -mrecip-precision -mno-recip-precision}
@emph{RX Options}
@gccoptlist{-m64bit-doubles -m32bit-doubles -fpu -nofpu@gol
-mprefergot -musermode -multcost=@var{number} -mdiv=@var{strategy} @gol
-mdivsi3_libfunc=@var{name} -mfixed-range=@var{register-range} @gol
-madjust-unroll -mindexed-addressing -mgettrcost=@var{number} -mpt-fixed @gol
--minvalid-symbols}
+-maccumulate-outgoing-args -minvalid-symbols}
@emph{SPARC Options}
@gccoptlist{-mcpu=@var{cpu-type} @gol
@emph{Xtensa Options}
@gccoptlist{-mconst16 -mno-const16 @gol
-mfused-madd -mno-fused-madd @gol
+-mforce-no-pic @gol
-mserialize-volatile -mno-serialize-volatile @gol
-mtext-section-literals -mno-text-section-literals @gol
-mtarget-align -mno-target-align @gol
-fshort-double -fshort-wchar @gol
-fverbose-asm -fpack-struct[=@var{n}] -fstack-check @gol
-fstack-limit-register=@var{reg} -fstack-limit-symbol=@var{sym} @gol
--fno-stack-limit -fargument-alias -fargument-noalias @gol
--fargument-noalias-global -fargument-noalias-anything @gol
+-fno-stack-limit @gol
-fleading-underscore -ftls-model=@var{model} @gol
-ftrapv -fwrapv -fbounds-check @gol
-fvisibility}
@item @var{file}.h
C, C++, Objective-C or Objective-C++ header file to be turned into a
-precompiled header.
+precompiled header (default), or C, C++ header file to be turned into an
+Ada spec (via the @option{-fdump-ada-spec} switch).
@item @var{file}.cc
@itemx @var{file}.cp
@itemx @var{file}.HPP
@itemx @var{file}.h++
@itemx @var{file}.tcc
-C++ header file to be turned into a precompiled header.
+C++ header file to be turned into a precompiled header or Ada spec.
@item @var{file}.f
@itemx @var{file}.for
@item -###
@opindex ###
-Like @option{-v} except the commands are not executed and all command
-arguments are quoted. This is useful for shell scripts to capture the
-driver-generated command lines.
+Like @option{-v} except the commands are not executed and arguments
+are quoted unless they contain only alphanumeric characters or @code{./-_}.
+This is useful for shell scripts to capture the driver-generated command lines.
@item -pipe
@opindex pipe
Define an argument called @var{key} with a value of @var{value}
for the plugin called @var{name}.
+@item -fdump-ada-spec@r{[}-slim@r{]}
+For C and C++ source and include files, generate corresponding Ada
+specs. @xref{Generating Ada Bindings for C and C++ headers,,, gnat_ugn,
+GNAT User's Guide}, which provides detailed documentation on this feature.
+
@include @value{srcdir}/../libiberty/at-file.texi
@end table
@cindex ISO support
@item -ansi
@opindex ansi
-In C mode, this is equivalent to @samp{-std=c89}. In C++ mode, it is
+In C mode, this is equivalent to @samp{-std=c90}. In C++ mode, it is
equivalent to @samp{-std=c++98}.
This turns off certain features of GCC that are incompatible with ISO
Supported by GCC}, for details of these standard versions. This option
is currently only supported when compiling C or C++.
-The compiler can accept several base standards, such as @samp{c89} or
+The compiler can accept several base standards, such as @samp{c90} or
@samp{c++98}, and GNU dialects of those standards, such as
-@samp{gnu89} or @samp{gnu++98}. By specifying a base standard, the
+@samp{gnu90} or @samp{gnu++98}. By specifying a base standard, the
compiler will accept all programs following that standard and those
using GNU extensions that do not contradict it. For example,
-@samp{-std=c89} turns off certain features of GCC that are
+@samp{-std=c90} turns off certain features of GCC that are
incompatible with ISO C90, such as the @code{asm} and @code{typeof}
keywords, but not other GNU extensions that do not have a meaning in
ISO C90, such as omitting the middle term of a @code{?:}
strict-conforming programs may be rejected. The particular standard
is used by @option{-pedantic} to identify which features are GNU
extensions given that version of the standard. For example
-@samp{-std=gnu89 -pedantic} would warn about C++ style @samp{//}
+@samp{-std=gnu90 -pedantic} would warn about C++ style @samp{//}
comments, while @samp{-std=gnu99 -pedantic} would not.
A value for this option must be provided; possible values are
@table @samp
-@item c89
+@item c90
+@itemx c89
@itemx iso9899:1990
Support all ISO C90 programs (certain GNU extensions that conflict
with ISO C90 are disabled). Same as @option{-ansi} for C code.
@w{@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/c99status.html}} for more information. The
names @samp{c9x} and @samp{iso9899:199x} are deprecated.
-@item gnu89
+@item c1x
+ISO C1X, the draft of the next revision of the ISO C standard.
+Support is limited and experimental and features enabled by this
+option may be changed or removed if changed in or removed from the
+standard draft.
+
+@item gnu90
+@itemx gnu89
GNU dialect of ISO C90 (including some C99 features). This
is the default for C code.
GNU dialect of ISO C99. When ISO C99 is fully implemented in GCC,
this will become the default. The name @samp{gnu9x} is deprecated.
+@item gnu1x
+GNU dialect of ISO C1X. Support is limited and experimental and
+features enabled by this option may be changed or removed if changed
+in or removed from the standard draft.
+
@item c++98
The 1998 ISO C++ standard plus amendments. Same as @option{-ansi} for
C++ code.
The option @option{-fno-gnu89-inline} explicitly tells GCC to use the
C99 semantics for @code{inline} when in C99 or gnu99 mode (i.e., it
specifies the default behavior). This option was first supported in
-GCC 4.3. This option is not supported in C89 or gnu89 mode.
+GCC 4.3. This option is not supported in @option{-std=c90} or
+@option{-std=gnu90} mode.
The preprocessor macros @code{__GNUC_GNU_INLINE__} and
@code{__GNUC_STDC_INLINE__} may be used to check which semantics are
The default is version 2.
+Version 3 corrects an error in mangling a constant address as a
+template argument.
+
+Version 4 implements a standard mangling for vector types.
+
+See also @option{-Wabi}.
+
@item -fno-access-control
@opindex fno-access-control
Turn off all access checking. This switch is mainly useful for working
ANSI/ISO C@. These include @code{ffs}, @code{alloca}, @code{_exit},
@code{index}, @code{bzero}, @code{conjf}, and other related functions.
+@item -fnothrow-opt
+@opindex fnothrow-opt
+Treat a @code{throw()} exception specification as though it were a
+@code{noexcept} specification to reduce or eliminate the text size
+overhead relative to a function with no exception specification. If
+the function has local variables of types with non-trivial
+destructors, the exception specification will actually make the
+function smaller because the EH cleanups for those variables can be
+optimized away. The semantic effect is that an exception thrown out of
+a function with such an exception specification will result in a call
+to @code{terminate} rather than @code{unexpected}.
+
@item -fno-operator-names
@opindex fno-operator-names
Do not treat the operator name keywords @code{and}, @code{bitand},
Emit statistics about front-end processing at the end of the compilation.
This information is generally only useful to the G++ development team.
-@item -ftemplate-depth-@var{n}
+@item -fstrict-enums
+@opindex fstrict-enums
+Allow the compiler to optimize using the assumption that a value of
+enumeration type can only be one of the values of the enumeration (as
+defined in the C++ standard; basically, a value which can be
+represented in the minimum number of bits needed to represent all the
+enumerators). This assumption may not be valid if the program uses a
+cast to convert an arbitrary integer value to the enumeration type.
+
+@item -ftemplate-depth=@var{n}
@opindex ftemplate-depth
Set the maximum instantiation depth for template classes to @var{n}.
A limit on the template instantiation depth is needed to detect
concerned about the fact that code generated by G++ may not be binary
compatible with code generated by other compilers.
-The known incompatibilities at this point include:
+The known incompatibilities in @option{-fabi-version=2} (the default) include:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+A template with a non-type template parameter of reference type is
+mangled incorrectly:
+@smallexample
+extern int N;
+template <int &> struct S @{@};
+void n (S<N>) @{2@}
+@end smallexample
+
+This is fixed in @option{-fabi-version=3}.
+
+@item
+SIMD vector types declared using @code{__attribute ((vector_size))} are
+mangled in a non-standard way that does not allow for overloading of
+functions taking vectors of different sizes.
+
+The mangling is changed in @option{-fabi-version=4}.
+@end itemize
+
+The known incompatibilities in @option{-fabi-version=1} include:
@itemize @bullet
If a source file was changed between @option{-fprofile-gen} and
@option{-fprofile-use}, the files with the profile feedback can fail
to match the source file and GCC can not use the profile feedback
-information. By default, GCC emits an error message in this case.
-The option @option{-Wcoverage-mismatch} emits a warning instead of an
-error. GCC does not use appropriate feedback profiles, so using this
-option can result in poorly optimized code. This option is useful
-only in the case of very minor changes such as bug fixes to an
-existing code-base.
+information. By default, this warning is enabled and is treated as an
+error. @option{-Wno-coverage-mismatch} can be used to disable the
+warning or @option{-Wno-error=coverage-mismatch} can be used to
+disable the error. Disable the error for this warning can result in
+poorly optimized code, so disabling the error is useful only in the
+case of very minor changes such as bug fixes to an existing code-base.
+Completely disabling the warning is not recommended.
@end table
language-specific options also refer to @ref{C++ Dialect Options} and
@ref{Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialect Options}.
+When an unrecognized warning label is requested (e.g.,
+@option{-Wunknown-warning}), GCC will emit a diagnostic stating
+that the option is not recognized. However, if the @samp{-Wno-} form
+is used, the behavior is slightly different: No diagnostic will be
+produced for @option{-Wno-unknown-warning} unless other diagnostics
+are being produced. This allows the use of new @option{-Wno-} options
+with old compilers, but if something goes wrong, the compiler will
+warn that an unrecognized option was used.
+
@table @gcctabopt
@item -pedantic
@opindex pedantic
support such a feature in the near future.
Where the standard specified with @option{-std} represents a GNU
-extended dialect of C, such as @samp{gnu89} or @samp{gnu99}, there is a
+extended dialect of C, such as @samp{gnu90} or @samp{gnu99}, there is a
corresponding @dfn{base standard}, the version of ISO C on which the GNU
extended dialect is based. Warnings from @option{-pedantic} are given
where they are required by the base standard. (It would not make sense
-Wc++0x-compat @gol
-Wchar-subscripts @gol
-Wenum-compare @r{(in C/Objc; this is on by default in C++)} @gol
--Wimplicit-int @gol
--Wimplicit-function-declaration @gol
+-Wimplicit-int @r{(C and Objective-C only)} @gol
+-Wimplicit-function-declaration @r{(C and Objective-C only)} @gol
-Wcomment @gol
-Wformat @gol
-Wmain @r{(only for C/ObjC and unless} @option{-ffreestanding}@r{)} @gol
-Wsign-compare @gol
-Wtype-limits @gol
-Wuninitialized @gol
--Wunused-parameter @r{(only with} @option{-Wunused} @r{or} @option{-Wall}@r{)} @gol
+-Wunused-parameter @r{(only with} @option{-Wunused} @r{or} @option{-Wall}@r{)} @gol
+-Wunused-but-set-parameter @r{(only with} @option{-Wunused} @r{or} @option{-Wall}@r{)} @gol
}
The option @option{-Wextra} also prints warning messages for the
comment, or whenever a Backslash-Newline appears in a @samp{//} comment.
This warning is enabled by @option{-Wall}.
+@item -Wno-cpp \
+@r{(C, Objective-C, C++, Objective-C++ and Fortran only)}
+
+Suppress warning messages emitted by @code{#warning} directives.
+
@item -Wformat
@opindex Wformat
@opindex Wno-format
@option{-pedantic-errors}. This warning is also enabled by
@option{-Wall}.
-@item -Wimplicit
+@item -Wimplicit @r{(C and Objective-C only)}
@opindex Wimplicit
@opindex Wno-implicit
Same as @option{-Wimplicit-int} and @option{-Wimplicit-function-declaration}.
the program (trigraphs within comments are not warned about).
This warning is enabled by @option{-Wall}.
+@item -Wunused-but-set-parameter
+@opindex Wunused-but-set-parameter
+@opindex Wno-unused-but-set-parameter
+Warn whenever a function parameter is assigned to, but otherwise unused
+(aside from its declaration).
+
+To suppress this warning use the @samp{unused} attribute
+(@pxref{Variable Attributes}).
+
+This warning is also enabled by @option{-Wunused} together with
+@option{-Wextra}.
+
+@item -Wunused-but-set-variable
+@opindex Wunused-but-set-variable
+@opindex Wno-unused-but-set-variable
+Warn whenever a local variable is assigned to, but otherwise unused
+(aside from its declaration).
+This warning is enabled by @option{-Wall}.
+
+To suppress this warning use the @samp{unused} attribute
+(@pxref{Variable Attributes}).
+
+This warning is also enabled by @option{-Wunused}, which is enabled
+by @option{-Wall}.
+
@item -Wunused-function
@opindex Wunused-function
@opindex Wno-unused-function
Level 3 (default for @option{-Wstrict-aliasing}):
Should have very few false positives and few false
negatives. Slightly slower than levels 1 or 2 when optimization is enabled.
-Takes care of the common punn+dereference pattern in the frontend:
+Takes care of the common pun+dereference pattern in the frontend:
@code{*(int*)&some_float}.
If optimization is enabled, it also runs in the backend, where it deals
with multiple statement cases using flow-sensitive points-to information.
false positives.
@end table
+@item -Wsuggest-attribute=@r{[}const@r{|}pure@r{]}
+@opindex Wsuggest-attribute=
+@opindex Wno-suggest-attribute=
+Warn for cases where adding an attribute may be beneficial. The
+attributes currently supported are listed below.
+
+@table @gcctabopt
+@item -Wsuggest-attribute=pure
+@itemx -Wsuggest-attribute=const
+@opindex Wsuggest-attribute=pure
+@opindex Wno-suggest-attribute=pure
+@opindex Wsuggest-attribute=const
+@opindex Wno-suggest-attribute=const
+@opindex Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn
+@opindex Wno-suggest-attribute=noreturn
+
+Warn about functions which might be candidates for attributes
+@code{pure}, @code{const} or @code{noreturn}. The compiler only warns for
+functions visible in other compilation units or (in the case of @code{pure} and
+@code{const}) if it cannot prove that the function returns normally. A function
+returns normally if it doesn't contain an infinite loop nor returns abnormally
+by throwing, calling @code{abort()} or trapping. This analysis requires option
+@option{-fipa-pure-const}, which is enabled by default at @option{-O} and
+higher. Higher optimization levels improve the accuracy of the analysis.
+@end table
+
@item -Warray-bounds
@opindex Wno-array-bounds
@opindex Warray-bounds
This option is only active when @option{-ftree-vrp} is active
-(default for -O2 and above). It warns about subscripts to arrays
+(default for @option{-O2} and above). It warns about subscripts to arrays
that are always out of bounds. This warning is enabled by @option{-Wall}.
@item -Wno-div-by-zero
conversions between signed and unsigned integers can be disabled by
using @option{-Wno-sign-conversion}.
-For C++, also warn for conversions between @code{NULL} and non-pointer
-types; confusing overload resolution for user-defined conversions; and
-conversions that will never use a type conversion operator:
-conversions to @code{void}, the same type, a base class or a reference
-to them. Warnings about conversions between signed and unsigned
-integers are disabled by default in C++ unless
+For C++, also warn for confusing overload resolution for user-defined
+conversions; and conversions that will never use a type conversion
+operator: conversions to @code{void}, the same type, a base class or a
+reference to them. Warnings about conversions between signed and
+unsigned integers are disabled by default in C++ unless
@option{-Wsign-conversion} is explicitly enabled.
+@item -Wno-conversion-null @r{(C++ and Objective-C++ only)}
+@opindex Wconversion-null
+@opindex Wno-conversion-null
+Do not warn for conversions between @code{NULL} and non-pointer
+types. @option{-Wconversion-null} is enabled by default.
+
@item -Wempty-body
@opindex Wempty-body
@opindex Wno-empty-body
This warning is included in @option{-Wextra}. To get other @option{-Wextra}
warnings without this one, use @samp{-Wextra -Wno-missing-field-initializers}.
-@item -Wmissing-noreturn
-@opindex Wmissing-noreturn
-@opindex Wno-missing-noreturn
-Warn about functions which might be candidates for attribute @code{noreturn}.
-Note these are only possible candidates, not absolute ones. Care should
-be taken to manually verify functions actually do not ever return before
-adding the @code{noreturn} attribute, otherwise subtle code generation
-bugs could be introduced. You will not get a warning for @code{main} in
-hosted C environments.
-
@item -Wmissing-format-attribute
@opindex Wmissing-format-attribute
@opindex Wno-missing-format-attribute
@opindex Wno-nested-externs
Warn if an @code{extern} declaration is encountered within a function.
-@item -Wunreachable-code
-@opindex Wunreachable-code
-@opindex Wno-unreachable-code
-Warn if the compiler detects that code will never be executed.
-
-This option is intended to warn when the compiler detects that at
-least a whole line of source code will never be executed, because
-some condition is never satisfied or because it is after a
-procedure that never returns.
-
-It is possible for this option to produce a warning even though there
-are circumstances under which part of the affected line can be executed,
-so care should be taken when removing apparently-unreachable code.
-
-For instance, when a function is inlined, a warning may mean that the
-line is unreachable in only one inlined copy of the function.
-
-This option is not made part of @option{-Wall} because in a debugging
-version of a program there is often substantial code which checks
-correct functioning of the program and is, hopefully, unreachable
-because the program does work. Another common use of unreachable
-code is to provide behavior which is selectable at compile-time.
-
@item -Winline
@opindex Winline
@opindex Wno-inline
The restrictions on @samp{offsetof} may be relaxed in a future version
of the C++ standard.
-@item -Wno-int-to-pointer-cast @r{(C and Objective-C only)}
+@item -Wno-int-to-pointer-cast
@opindex Wno-int-to-pointer-cast
@opindex Wint-to-pointer-cast
Suppress warnings from casts to pointer type of an integer of a
-different size.
+different size. In C++, casting to a pointer type of smaller size is
+an error. @option{Wint-to-pointer-cast} is enabled by default.
+
@item -Wno-pointer-to-int-cast @r{(C and Objective-C only)}
@opindex Wno-pointer-to-int-cast
using longer strings.
The limit applies @emph{after} string constant concatenation, and does
-not count the trailing NUL@. In C89, the limit was 509 characters; in
+not count the trailing NUL@. In C90, the limit was 509 characters; in
C99, it was raised to 4095. C++98 does not specify a normative
minimum maximum, so we do not diagnose overlength strings in C++@.
amount of debugging output the scheduler prints. This information is
written to standard error, unless @option{-fdump-rtl-sched1} or
@option{-fdump-rtl-sched2} is specified, in which case it is output
-to the usual dump listing file, @file{.sched} or @file{.sched2}
+to the usual dump listing file, @file{.sched1} or @file{.sched2}
respectively. However for @var{n} greater than nine, the output is
always printed to standard error.
Not all optimizations are controlled directly by a flag. Only
optimizations that have a flag are listed in this section.
-Most of the optimizations are not enabled if a @option{-O} level is not set on
-the command line, even if individual optimization flags are specified.
+Most optimizations are only enabled if an @option{-O} level is set on
+the command line. Otherwise they are disabled, even if individual
+optimization flags are specified.
Depending on the target and how GCC was configured, a slightly different
set of optimizations may be enabled at each @option{-O} level than
-fif-conversion2 @gol
-fif-conversion @gol
-fipa-pure-const @gol
+-fipa-profile @gol
-fipa-reference @gol
-fmerge-constants
-fsplit-wide-types @gol
-falign-labels -freorder-blocks -freorder-blocks-and-partition @gol
-fprefetch-loop-arrays -ftree-vect-loop-version}
+@item -Ofast
+@opindex Ofast
+Disregard strict standards compliance. @option{-Ofast} enables all
+@option{-O3} optimizations. It also enables optimizations that are not
+valid for all standard compliant programs.
+It turns on @option{-ffast-math}.
+
If you use multiple @option{-O} options, with or without level numbers,
the last such option is the one that is effective.
@end table
In C, emit @code{static} functions that are declared @code{inline}
into the object file, even if the function has been inlined into all
of its callers. This switch does not affect functions using the
-@code{extern inline} extension in GNU C89@. In C++, emit any and all
+@code{extern inline} extension in GNU C90@. In C++, emit any and all
inline functions into the object file.
@item -fkeep-static-consts
with @option{-fschedule-insns} or @option{-fschedule-insns2} or
at @option{-O2} or higher.
-@item -fsched2-use-traces
-@opindex fsched2-use-traces
-Use @option{-fsched2-use-superblocks} algorithm when scheduling after register
-allocation and additionally perform code duplication in order to increase the
-size of superblocks using tracer pass. See @option{-ftracer} for details on
-trace formation.
-
-This mode should produce faster but significantly longer programs. Also
-without @option{-fbranch-probabilities} the traces constructed may not
-match the reality and hurt the performance. This only makes
-sense when scheduling after register allocation, i.e.@: with
-@option{-fschedule-insns2} or at @option{-O2} or higher.
-
@item -freschedule-modulo-scheduled-loops
@opindex freschedule-modulo-scheduled-loops
The modulo scheduling comes before the traditional scheduling, if a loop
layout in order to better utilize spatial locality. This transformation is
affective for programs containing arrays of structures. Available in two
compilation modes: profile-based (enabled with @option{-fprofile-generate})
-or static (which uses built-in heuristics). Require @option{-fipa-type-escape}
-to provide the safety of this transformation. It works only in whole program
+or static (which uses built-in heuristics). It works only in whole program
mode, so it requires @option{-fwhole-program} and @option{-combine} to be
enabled. Structures considered @samp{cold} by this transformation are not
affected (see @option{--param struct-reorg-cold-struct-ratio=@var{value}}).
@item -fipa-pta
@opindex fipa-pta
-Perform interprocedural pointer analysis. This option is experimental
-and does not affect generated code.
+Perform interprocedural pointer analysis and interprocedural modification
+and reference analysis. This option can cause excessive memory and
+compile-time usage on large compilation units. It is not enabled by
+default at any optimization level.
+
+@item -fipa-profile
+@opindex fipa-profile
+Perform interprocedural profile propagation. The functions called only from
+cold functions are marked as cold. Also functions executed once (such as
+@code{cold}, @code{noreturn}, static constructors or destructors) are identified. Cold
+functions and loop less parts of functions executed once are then optimized for
+size.
+Enabled by default at @option{-O} and higher.
@item -fipa-cp
@opindex fipa-cp
Perform loop strip mining transformations on loops. Strip mining
splits a loop into two nested loops. The outer loop has strides
equal to the strip size and the inner loop has strides of the
-original loop within a strip. For example, given a loop like:
+original loop within a strip. The strip length can be changed
+using the @option{loop-block-tile-size} parameter. For example,
+given a loop like:
@smallexample
DO I = 1, N
A(I) = A(I) + C
@end smallexample
loop strip mining will transform the loop as if the user had written:
@smallexample
-DO II = 1, N, 4
- DO I = II, min (II + 3, N)
+DO II = 1, N, 51
+ DO I = II, min (II + 50, N)
A(I) = A(I) + C
ENDDO
ENDDO
@item -floop-block
Perform loop blocking transformations on loops. Blocking strip mines
each loop in the loop nest such that the memory accesses of the
-element loops fit inside caches. For example, given a loop like:
+element loops fit inside caches. The strip length can be changed
+using the @option{loop-block-tile-size} parameter. For example, given
+a loop like:
@smallexample
DO I = 1, N
DO J = 1, M
@end smallexample
loop blocking will transform the loop as if the user had written:
@smallexample
-DO II = 1, N, 64
- DO JJ = 1, M, 64
- DO I = II, min (II + 63, N)
- DO J = JJ, min (JJ + 63, M)
+DO II = 1, N, 51
+ DO JJ = 1, M, 51
+ DO I = II, min (II + 50, N)
+ DO J = JJ, min (JJ + 50, M)
A(J, I) = B(I) + C(J)
ENDDO
ENDDO
was mixing languages before, all you need to add is @option{-flto} to
all the compile and link commands.
+If LTO encounters objects with C linkage declared with incompatible
+types in separate translation units to be linked together (undefined
+behavior according to ISO C99 6.2.7), a non-fatal diagnostic may be
+issued. The behavior is still undefined at runtime.
+
If object files containing GIMPLE bytecode are stored in a library
archive, say @file{libfoo.a}, it is possible to extract and use them
in an LTO link if you are using @command{gold} as the linker (which,
strict version check, so bytecode files generated in one version of
GCC will not work with an older/newer version of GCC.
+Link time optimization does not play well with generating debugging
+information. Combining @option{-flto} or @option{-fwhopr} with
+@option{-g} is experimental.
+
This option is disabled by default.
-@item -fwhopr
+@item -fwhopr[=@var{n}]
@opindex fwhopr
This option is identical in functionality to @option{-flto} but it
differs in how the final link stage is executed. Instead of loading
that otherwise would not fit in memory. This option enables
@option{-fwpa} and @option{-fltrans} automatically.
+If you specify the optional @var{n} the link stage is executed in
+parallel using @var{n} parallel jobs by utilizing an installed
+@command{make} program. The environment variable @env{MAKE} may be
+used to override the program used.
+
Disabled by default.
@item -fwpa
and thus may not be used when ordered comparisons are required.
This option requires that both @option{-fno-signed-zeros} and
@option{-fno-trapping-math} be in effect. Moreover, it doesn't make
-much sense with @option{-frounding-math}.
+much sense with @option{-frounding-math}. For Fortran the option
+is automatically enabled when both @option{-fno-signed-zeros} and
+@option{-fno-trapping-math} are in effect.
The default is @option{-fno-associative-math}.
parameter, then structure reorganization is not applied to this structure.
The default is 10.
-@item predictable-branch-cost-outcome
+@item predictable-branch-outcome
When branch is predicted to be taken with probability lower than this threshold
(in percent), then it is considered well predictable. The default is 10.
@item max-completely-peel-times
The maximum number of iterations of a loop to be suitable for complete peeling.
+@item max-completely-peel-loop-nest-depth
+The maximum depth of a loop nest suitable for complete peeling.
+
@item max-unswitch-insns
The maximum number of insns of an unswitched loop.
@item min-insn-to-prefetch-ratio
The minimum ratio between the number of instructions and the
-number of prefetches to enable prefetching in a loop with an
-unknown trip count.
+number of prefetches to enable prefetching in a loop.
@item prefetch-min-insn-to-mem-ratio
The minimum ratio between the number of instructions and the
motion optimization performed on them. The default value of the
parameter is 1000 for -O1 and 10000 for -O2 and above.
+@item max-vartrack-size
+Sets a maximum number of hash table slots to use during variable
+tracking dataflow analysis of any function. If this limit is exceeded
+with variable tracking at assignments enabled, analysis for that
+function is retried without it, after removing all debug insns from
+the function. If the limit is exceeded even without debug insns, var
+tracking analysis is completely disabled for the function. Setting
+the parameter to zero makes it unlimited.
+
@item min-nondebug-insn-uid
Use uids starting at this parameter for nondebug insns. The range below
the parameter is reserved exclusively for debug insns created by
@option{ipa-sra-ptr-growth-factor} times the size of the original
pointer parameter.
+@item graphite-max-nb-scop-params
+To avoid exponential effects in the Graphite loop transforms, the
+number of parameters in a Static Control Part (SCoP) is bounded. The
+default value is 10 parameters. A variable whose value is unknown at
+compile time and defined outside a SCoP is a parameter of the SCoP.
+
+@item graphite-max-bbs-per-function
+To avoid exponential effects in the detection of SCoPs, the size of
+the functions analyzed by Graphite is bounded. The default value is
+100 basic blocks.
+
+@item loop-block-tile-size
+Loop blocking or strip mining transforms, enabled with
+@option{-floop-block} or @option{-floop-strip-mine}, strip mine each
+loop in the loop nest by a given number of iterations. The strip
+length can be changed using the @option{loop-block-tile-size}
+parameter. The default value is 51 iterations.
+
@end table
@end table
If you really need to change the search order for system directories,
use the @option{-nostdinc} and/or @option{-isystem} options.
+@item -iplugindir=@var{dir}
+Set the directory to search for plugins which are passed
+by @option{-fplugin=@var{name}} instead of
+@option{-fplugin=@var{path}/@var{name}.so}. This option is not meant
+to be used by the user, but only passed by the driver.
+
@item -iquote@var{dir}
@opindex iquote
Add the directory @var{dir} to the head of the list of directories to
The usual way to run GCC is to run the executable called @file{gcc}, or
@file{<machine>-gcc} when cross-compiling, or
@file{<machine>-gcc-<version>} to run a version other than the one that
-was installed last. Sometimes this is inconvenient, so GCC provides
-options that will switch to another cross-compiler or version.
-
-@table @gcctabopt
-@item -b @var{machine}
-@opindex b
-The argument @var{machine} specifies the target machine for compilation.
-
-The value to use for @var{machine} is the same as was specified as the
-machine type when configuring GCC as a cross-compiler. For
-example, if a cross-compiler was configured with @samp{configure
-arm-elf}, meaning to compile for an arm processor with elf binaries,
-then you would specify @option{-b arm-elf} to run that cross compiler.
-Because there are other options beginning with @option{-b}, the
-configuration must contain a hyphen, or @option{-b} alone should be one
-argument followed by the configuration in the next argument.
-
-@item -V @var{version}
-@opindex V
-The argument @var{version} specifies which version of GCC to run.
-This is useful when multiple versions are installed. For example,
-@var{version} might be @samp{4.0}, meaning to run GCC version 4.0.
-@end table
-
-The @option{-V} and @option{-b} options work by running the
-@file{<machine>-gcc-<version>} executable, so there's no real reason to
-use them if you can just run that directly.
+was installed last.
@node Submodel Options
@section Hardware Models and Configurations
@cindex hardware models and configurations, specifying
@cindex machine dependent options
-Earlier we discussed the standard option @option{-b} which chooses among
-different installed compilers for completely different target
-machines, such as VAX vs.@: 68000 vs.@: 80386.
-
-In addition, each of these target machine types can have its own
+Each target machine types can have its own
special options, starting with @samp{-m}, to choose among various
hardware models or configurations---for example, 68010 vs 68020,
floating coprocessor or none. A single installed version of the
by default. This can be overridden with the @code{section} attribute.
@xref{Variable Attributes}.
-@item -mfix-cortex-m3-ldrd
-@opindex mfix-cortex-m3-ldrd
-Some Cortex-M3 cores can cause data corruption when @code{ldrd} instructions
-with overlapping destination and base registers are used. This option avoids
-generating these instructions. This option is enabled by default when
-@option{-mcpu=cortex-m3} is specified.
-
@end table
@node ARM Options
@samp{arm1136j-s}, @samp{arm1136jf-s}, @samp{mpcore}, @samp{mpcorenovfp},
@samp{arm1156t2-s}, @samp{arm1156t2f-s}, @samp{arm1176jz-s}, @samp{arm1176jzf-s},
@samp{cortex-a5}, @samp{cortex-a8}, @samp{cortex-a9},
-@samp{cortex-r4}, @samp{cortex-r4f}, @samp{cortex-m3},
+@samp{cortex-r4}, @samp{cortex-r4f}, @samp{cortex-m4}, @samp{cortex-m3},
@samp{cortex-m1},
@samp{cortex-m0},
@samp{xscale}, @samp{iwmmxt}, @samp{iwmmxt2}, @samp{ep9312}.
loader imposes this restriction, and when @option{-fpic} or @option{-fPIC}
is specified.
+@item -mfix-cortex-m3-ldrd
+@opindex mfix-cortex-m3-ldrd
+Some Cortex-M3 cores can cause data corruption when @code{ldrd} instructions
+with overlapping destination and base registers are used. This option avoids
+generating these instructions. This option is enabled by default when
+@option{-mcpu=cortex-m3} is specified.
+
@end table
@node AVR Options
@table @gcctabopt
@item -mglibc
@opindex mglibc
-Use the GNU C library instead of uClibc. This is the default except
-on @samp{*-*-linux-*uclibc*} targets.
+Use the GNU C library. This is the default except
+on @samp{*-*-linux-*uclibc*} and @samp{*-*-linux-*android*} targets.
@item -muclibc
@opindex muclibc
-Use uClibc instead of the GNU C library. This is the default on
+Use uClibc C library. This is the default on
@samp{*-*-linux-*uclibc*} targets.
+
+@item -mbionic
+@opindex mbionic
+Use Bionic C library. This is the default on
+@samp{*-*-linux-*android*} targets.
+
+@item -mandroid
+@opindex mandroid
+Compile code compatible with Android platform. This is the default on
+@samp{*-*-linux-*android*} targets.
+
+When compiling, this option enables @option{-mbionic}, @option{-fPIC},
+@option{-fno-exceptions} and @option{-fno-rtti} by default. When linking,
+this option makes the GCC driver pass Android-specific options to the linker.
+Finally, this option causes the preprocessor macro @code{__ANDROID__}
+to be defined.
+
+@item -tno-android-cc
+@opindex tno-android-cc
+Disable compilation effects of @option{-mandroid}, i.e., do not enable
+@option{-mbionic}, @option{-fPIC}, @option{-fno-exceptions} and
+@option{-fno-rtti} by default.
+
+@item -tno-android-ld
+@opindex tno-android-ld
+Disable linking effects of @option{-mandroid}, i.e., pass standard Linux
+linking options to the linker.
+
@end table
@node H8/300 Options
@item k6
AMD K6 CPU with MMX instruction set support.
@item k6-2, k6-3
-Improved versions of AMD K6 CPU with MMX and 3dNOW!@: instruction set support.
+Improved versions of AMD K6 CPU with MMX and 3DNow!@: instruction set support.
@item athlon, athlon-tbird
-AMD Athlon CPU with MMX, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3dNOW!@: and SSE prefetch instructions
+AMD Athlon CPU with MMX, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3DNow!@: and SSE prefetch instructions
support.
@item athlon-4, athlon-xp, athlon-mp
-Improved AMD Athlon CPU with MMX, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3dNOW!@: and full SSE
+Improved AMD Athlon CPU with MMX, 3DNow!, enhanced 3DNow!@: and full SSE
instruction set support.
@item k8, opteron, athlon64, athlon-fx
AMD K8 core based CPUs with x86-64 instruction set support. (This supersets
-MMX, SSE, SSE2, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3dNOW!@: and 64-bit instruction set extensions.)
+MMX, SSE, SSE2, 3DNow!, enhanced 3DNow!@: and 64-bit instruction set extensions.)
@item k8-sse3, opteron-sse3, athlon64-sse3
Improved versions of k8, opteron and athlon64 with SSE3 instruction set support.
@item amdfam10, barcelona
AMD Family 10h core based CPUs with x86-64 instruction set support. (This
-supersets MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4A, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3dNOW!, ABM and 64-bit
+supersets MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4A, 3DNow!, enhanced 3DNow!, ABM and 64-bit
instruction set extensions.)
@item winchip-c6
IDT Winchip C6 CPU, dealt in same way as i486 with additional MMX instruction
set support.
@item winchip2
-IDT Winchip2 CPU, dealt in same way as i486 with additional MMX and 3dNOW!@:
+IDT Winchip2 CPU, dealt in same way as i486 with additional MMX and 3DNow!@:
instruction set support.
@item c3
-Via C3 CPU with MMX and 3dNOW!@: instruction set support. (No scheduling is
+Via C3 CPU with MMX and 3DNow!@: instruction set support. (No scheduling is
implemented for this chip.)
@item c3-2
Via C3-2 CPU with MMX and SSE instruction set support. (No scheduling is
implemented for this chip.)
@item geode
-Embedded AMD CPU with MMX and 3dNOW! instruction set support.
+Embedded AMD CPU with MMX and 3DNow!@: instruction set support.
@end table
While picking a specific @var{cpu-type} will schedule things appropriately
@samp{603e}, @samp{604}, @samp{604e}, @samp{620}, @samp{630}, @samp{740},
@samp{7400}, @samp{7450}, @samp{750}, @samp{801}, @samp{821}, @samp{823},
@samp{860}, @samp{970}, @samp{8540}, @samp{a2}, @samp{e300c2},
-@samp{e300c3}, @samp{e500mc}, @samp{ec603e}, @samp{G3}, @samp{G4}, @samp{G5},
-@samp{power}, @samp{power2}, @samp{power3}, @samp{power4},
-@samp{power5}, @samp{power5+}, @samp{power6}, @samp{power6x}, @samp{power7},
-@samp{common}, @samp{powerpc}, @samp{powerpc64}, @samp{rios},
+@samp{e300c3}, @samp{e500mc}, @samp{e500mc64}, @samp{ec603e}, @samp{G3},
+@samp{G4}, @samp{G5}, @samp{power}, @samp{power2}, @samp{power3},
+@samp{power4}, @samp{power5}, @samp{power5+}, @samp{power6}, @samp{power6x},
+@samp{power7}, @samp{common}, @samp{powerpc}, @samp{powerpc64}, @samp{rios},
@samp{rios1}, @samp{rios2}, @samp{rsc}, and @samp{rs64}.
@option{-mcpu=common} selects a completely generic processor. Code
architecture, registers, and mnemonics set by @option{-mcpu}, but the
scheduling parameters set by @option{-mtune}.
-@item -mswdiv
-@itemx -mno-swdiv
-@opindex mswdiv
-@opindex mno-swdiv
-Generate code to compute division as reciprocal estimate and iterative
-refinement, creating opportunities for increased throughput. This
-feature requires: optional PowerPC Graphics instruction set for single
-precision and FRE instruction for double precision, assuming divides
-cannot generate user-visible traps, and the domain values not include
-Infinities, denormals or zero denominator.
+@item -mcmodel=small
+@opindex mcmodel=small
+Generate PowerPC64 code for the small model: The TOC is limited to
+64k.
+
+@item -mcmodel=medium
+@opindex mcmodel=medium
+Generate PowerPC64 code for the medium model: The TOC and other static
+data may be up to a total of 4G in size.
+
+@item -mcmodel=large
+@opindex mcmodel=large
+Generate PowerPC64 code for the large model: The TOC may be up to 4G
+in size. Other data and code is only limited by the 64-bit address
+space.
@item -maltivec
@itemx -mno-altivec
signals may get corrupted data.
@item -mavoid-indexed-addresses
-@item -mno-avoid-indexed-addresses
+@itemx -mno-avoid-indexed-addresses
@opindex mavoid-indexed-addresses
@opindex mno-avoid-indexed-addresses
Generate code that tries to avoid (not avoid) the use of indexed load
Adds support for multithreading with the @dfn{pthreads} library.
This option sets flags for both the preprocessor and linker.
+@item -mrecip
+@itemx -mno-recip
+@opindex mrecip
+This option will enable GCC to use the reciprocal estimate and
+reciprocal square root estimate instructions with additional
+Newton-Raphson steps to increase precision instead of doing a divide or
+square root and divide for floating point arguments. You should use
+the @option{-ffast-math} option when using @option{-mrecip} (or at
+least @option{-funsafe-math-optimizations},
+@option{-finite-math-only}, @option{-freciprocal-math} and
+@option{-fno-trapping-math}). Note that while the throughput of the
+sequence is generally higher than the throughput of the non-reciprocal
+instruction, the precision of the sequence can be decreased by up to 2
+ulp (i.e. the inverse of 1.0 equals 0.99999994) for reciprocal square
+roots.
+
+@item -mrecip=@var{opt}
+@opindex mrecip=opt
+This option allows to control which reciprocal estimate instructions
+may be used. @var{opt} is a comma separated list of options, that may
+be preceeded by a @code{!} to invert the option:
+@code{all}: enable all estimate instructions,
+@code{default}: enable the default instructions, equvalent to @option{-mrecip},
+@code{none}: disable all estimate instructions, equivalent to @option{-mno-recip};
+@code{div}: enable the reciprocal approximation instructions for both single and double precision;
+@code{divf}: enable the single precision reciprocal approximation instructions;
+@code{divd}: enable the double precision reciprocal approximation instructions;
+@code{rsqrt}: enable the reciprocal square root approximation instructions for both single and double precision;
+@code{rsqrtf}: enable the single precision reciprocal square root approximation instructions;
+@code{rsqrtd}: enable the double precision reciprocal square root approximation instructions;
+
+So for example, @option{-mrecip=all,!rsqrtd} would enable the
+all of the reciprocal estimate instructions, except for the
+@code{FRSQRTE}, @code{XSRSQRTEDP}, and @code{XVRSQRTEDP} instructions
+which handle the double precision reciprocal square root calculations.
+
+@item -mrecip-precision
+@itemx -mno-recip-precision
+@opindex mrecip-precision
+Assume (do not assume) that the reciprocal estimate instructions
+provide higher precision estimates than is mandated by the powerpc
+ABI. Selecting @option{-mcpu=power6} or @option{-mcpu=power7}
+automatically selects @option{-mrecip-precision}. The double
+precision square root estimate instructions are not generated by
+default on low precision machines, since they do not provide an
+estimate that converges after three steps.
@end table
@node RX Options
@subsection RX Options
@cindex RX Options
-These @option{-m} options are defined for RX implementations:
+These command line options are defined for RX targets:
@table @gcctabopt
@item -m64bit-doubles
@itemx -m32bit-doubles
-@itemx -fpu
-@itemx -nofpu
@opindex m64bit-doubles
@opindex m32bit-doubles
-@opindex fpu
-@opindex nofpu
Make the @code{double} data type be 64-bits (@option{-m64bit-doubles})
or 32-bits (@option{-m32bit-doubles}) in size. The default is
-@option{-m64bit-doubles}. @emph{Note} the RX's hardware floating
-point instructions are only used for 32-bit floating point values, and
-then only if @option{-ffast-math} has been specified on the command
-line. This is because the RX FPU instructions do not properly support
-denormal (or sub-normal) values.
-
-The options @option{-fpu} and @option{-nofpu} have been provided at
-the request of Rensas for compatibility with their toolchain. The
-@option{-mfpu} option enables the use of RX FPU instructions by
-selecting 32-bit doubles and enabling unsafe math optimizations. The
-@option{-mnofpu} option disables the use of RX FPU instructions, even
-if @option{-m32bit-doubles} is active and unsafe math optimizations
-have been enabled.
+@option{-m32bit-doubles}. @emph{Note} RX floating point hardware only
+works on 32-bit values, which is why the default is
+@option{-m32bit-doubles}.
+
+@item -fpu
+@itemx -nofpu
+@opindex fpu
+@opindex nofpu
+Enables (@option{-fpu}) or disables (@option{-nofpu}) the use of RX
+floating point hardware. The default is enabled for the @var{RX600}
+series and disabled for the @var{RX200} series.
+
+Floating point instructions will only be generated for 32-bit floating
+point values however, so if the @option{-m64bit-doubles} option is in
+use then the FPU hardware will not be used for doubles.
+
+@emph{Note} If the @option{-fpu} option is enabled then
+@option{-funsafe-math-optimizations} is also enabled automatically.
+This is because the RX FPU instructions are themselves unsafe.
@item -mcpu=@var{name}
@itemx -patch=@var{name}
@opindex -mcpu
@opindex -patch
-Selects the type of RX CPU to be targeted. Currently on two types are
-supported, the generic @var{RX600} and the specific @var{RX610}. The
-only difference between them is that the @var{RX610} does not support
-the @code{MVTIPL} instruction.
+Selects the type of RX CPU to be targeted. Currently three types are
+supported, the generic @var{RX600} and @var{RX200} series hardware and
+the specific @var{RX610} cpu. The default is @var{RX600}.
+
+The only difference between @var{RX600} and @var{RX610} is that the
+@var{RX610} does not support the @code{MVTIPL} instruction.
+
+The @var{RX200} series does not have a hardware floating point unit
+and so @option{-nofpu} is enabled by default when this type is
+selected.
@item -mbig-endian-data
@itemx -mlittle-endian-data
Note, common variables (variables which have not been initialised) and
constants are not placed into the small data area as they are assigned
-to other sections in the output executeable.
+to other sections in the output executable.
The default value is zero, which disables this feature. Note, this
feature is not enabled by default with higher optimization levels
-(@option{-O2} etc) because of the potentially deterimental effects of
+(@option{-O2} etc) because of the potentially detrimental effects of
reserving register @code{r13}. It is up to the programmer to
experiment and discover whether this feature is of benefit to their
program.
@item -msim
-@item -mno-sim
+@itemx -mno-sim
@opindex msim
@opindex mno-sim
Use the simulator runtime. The default is to use the libgloss board
specific runtime.
@item -mas100-syntax
-@item -mno-as100-syntax
+@itemx -mno-as100-syntax
@opindex mas100-syntax
@opindex mno-as100-syntax
When generating assembler output use a syntax that is compatible with
@item -mmax-constant-size=@var{N}
@opindex mmax-constant-size
-Specifies the maxium size, in bytes, of a constant that can be used as
+Specifies the maximum size, in bytes, of a constant that can be used as
an operand in a RX instruction. Although the RX instruction set does
-allow consants of up to 4 bytes in length to be used in instructions,
+allow constants of up to 4 bytes in length to be used in instructions,
a longer value equates to a longer instruction. Thus in some
circumstances it can be beneficial to restrict the size of constants
that are used in instructions. Constants that are too big are instead
placed into a constant pool and referenced via register indirection.
-The value @var{N} can be between 0 and 3. A value of 0, the default,
-means that constants of any size are allowed.
+The value @var{N} can be between 0 and 4. A value of 0 (the default)
+or 4 means that constants of any size are allowed.
@item -mrelax
@opindex mrelax
@opindex mint-register
Specify the number of registers to reserve for fast interrupt handler
functions. The value @var{N} can be between 0 and 4. A value of 1
-means that register @code{r13} will be reserved for ther exclusive use
+means that register @code{r13} will be reserved for the exclusive use
of fast interrupt handlers. A value of 2 reserves @code{r13} and
@code{r12}. A value of 3 reserves @code{r13}, @code{r12} and
@code{r11}, and a value of 4 reserves @code{r13} through @code{r10}.
slows down the case of larger dividends. inv20u assumes the case of a such
a small dividend to be unlikely, and inv20l assumes it to be likely.
+@item -maccumulate-outgoing-args
+@opindex maccumulate-outgoing-args
+Reserve space once for outgoing arguments in the function prologue rather
+than around each call. Generally beneficial for performance and size. Also
+needed for unwinding to avoid changing the stack frame around conditional code.
+
@item -mdivsi3_libfunc=@var{name}
@opindex mdivsi3_libfunc=@var{name}
Set the name of the library function used for 32 bit signed division to
@opindex municode
This option is available for mingw-w64 targets. It specifies
that the UNICODE macro is getting pre-defined and that the
-unicode capable runtime startup code is choosen.
+unicode capable runtime startup code is chosen.
@item -mwin32
@opindex mwin32
The default is @option{-mserialize-volatile}. Use
@option{-mno-serialize-volatile} to omit the @code{MEMW} instructions.
+@item -mforce-no-pic
+@opindex mforce-no-pic
+For targets, like GNU/Linux, where all user-mode Xtensa code must be
+position-independent code (PIC), this option disables PIC for compiling
+kernel code.
+
@item -mtext-section-literals
@itemx -mno-text-section-literals
@opindex mtext-section-literals
@option{-Wl,--defsym,__stack_limit=0x7ffe0000} to enforce a stack limit
of 128KB@. Note that this may only work with the GNU linker.
-@cindex aliasing of parameters
-@cindex parameters, aliased
-@item -fargument-alias
-@itemx -fargument-noalias
-@itemx -fargument-noalias-global
-@itemx -fargument-noalias-anything
-@opindex fargument-alias
-@opindex fargument-noalias
-@opindex fargument-noalias-global
-@opindex fargument-noalias-anything
-Specify the possible relationships among parameters and between
-parameters and global data.
-
-@option{-fargument-alias} specifies that arguments (parameters) may
-alias each other and may alias global storage.@*
-@option{-fargument-noalias} specifies that arguments do not alias
-each other, but may alias global storage.@*
-@option{-fargument-noalias-global} specifies that arguments do not
-alias each other and do not alias global storage.
-@option{-fargument-noalias-anything} specifies that arguments do not
-alias any other storage.
-
-Each language will automatically use whatever option is required by
-the language standard. You should not need to use these options yourself.
-
@item -fleading-underscore
@opindex fleading-underscore
This option and its counterpart, @option{-fno-leading-underscore}, forcibly
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