/* Subroutines for the gcc driver.
- Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GCC.
#ifdef __GNUC__
#include "cpuid.h"
-/* Returns parameters that describe L1_ASSOC associative cache of size
- L1_SIZEKB with lines of size L1_LINE. */
+struct cache_desc
+{
+ unsigned sizekb;
+ unsigned assoc;
+ unsigned line;
+};
+
+/* Returns command line parameters that describe size and
+ cache line size of the processor caches. */
static char *
-describe_cache (unsigned l1_sizekb, unsigned l1_line,
- unsigned l1_assoc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, unsigned l2_sizekb)
+describe_cache (struct cache_desc level1, struct cache_desc level2)
{
char size[100], line[100], size2[100];
- /* At the moment, gcc middle-end does not use the information about the
- associativity of the cache. */
+ /* At the moment, gcc does not use the information
+ about the associativity of the cache. */
- sprintf (size, "--param l1-cache-size=%u", l1_sizekb);
- sprintf (line, "--param l1-cache-line-size=%u", l1_line);
- sprintf (size2, "--param l2-cache-size=%u", l2_sizekb);
+ snprintf (size, sizeof (size),
+ "--param l1-cache-size=%u ", level1.sizekb);
+ snprintf (line, sizeof (line),
+ "--param l1-cache-line-size=%u ", level1.line);
- return concat (size, " ", line, " ", size2, " ", NULL);
+ snprintf (size2, sizeof (size2),
+ "--param l2-cache-size=%u ", level2.sizekb);
+
+ return concat (size, line, size2, NULL);
}
+/* Detect L2 cache parameters using CPUID extended function 0x80000006. */
+
static void
-decode_l2_cache (unsigned *l2_size, unsigned *l2_line, unsigned *l2_assoc)
+detect_l2_cache (struct cache_desc *level2)
{
- unsigned eax, ebx, ecx, edx, assoc;
+ unsigned eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+ unsigned assoc;
__cpuid (0x80000006, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
- *l2_size = (ecx >> 16) & 0xffff;
- *l2_line = ecx & 0xff;
+ level2->sizekb = (ecx >> 16) & 0xffff;
+ level2->line = ecx & 0xff;
+
assoc = (ecx >> 12) & 0xf;
if (assoc == 6)
assoc = 8;
assoc = 32 + (assoc - 0xa) * 16;
else if (assoc >= 0xd && assoc <= 0xe)
assoc = 96 + (assoc - 0xd) * 32;
- *l2_assoc = assoc;
+
+ level2->assoc = assoc;
}
/* Returns the description of caches for an AMD processor. */
-static char *
+static const char *
detect_caches_amd (unsigned max_ext_level)
{
unsigned eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
- unsigned l1_sizekb, l1_line, l1_assoc;
- unsigned l2_sizekb, l2_line, l2_assoc;
+
+ struct cache_desc level1, level2 = {0, 0, 0};
if (max_ext_level < 0x80000005)
- return (char *) "";
+ return "";
__cpuid (0x80000005, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
- l1_line = ecx & 0xff;
- l1_sizekb = (ecx >> 24) & 0xff;
- l1_assoc = (ecx >> 16) & 0xff;
+ level1.sizekb = (ecx >> 24) & 0xff;
+ level1.assoc = (ecx >> 16) & 0xff;
+ level1.line = ecx & 0xff;
if (max_ext_level >= 0x80000006)
- decode_l2_cache (&l2_sizekb, &l2_line, &l2_assoc);
+ detect_l2_cache (&level2);
+
+ return describe_cache (level1, level2);
+}
+
+/* Decodes the size, the associativity and the cache line size of
+ L1/L2 caches of an Intel processor. Values are based on
+ "Intel Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction"
+ [Application Note 485], revision -032, December 2007. */
- return describe_cache (l1_sizekb, l1_line, l1_assoc, l2_sizekb);
+static void
+decode_caches_intel (unsigned reg, bool xeon_mp,
+ struct cache_desc *level1, struct cache_desc *level2)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 24; i >= 0; i -= 8)
+ switch ((reg >> i) & 0xff)
+ {
+ case 0x0a:
+ level1->sizekb = 8; level1->assoc = 2; level1->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x0c:
+ level1->sizekb = 16; level1->assoc = 4; level1->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x2c:
+ level1->sizekb = 32; level1->assoc = 8; level1->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x39:
+ level2->sizekb = 128; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x3a:
+ level2->sizekb = 192; level2->assoc = 6; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x3b:
+ level2->sizekb = 128; level2->assoc = 2; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x3c:
+ level2->sizekb = 256; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x3d:
+ level2->sizekb = 384; level2->assoc = 6; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x3e:
+ level2->sizekb = 512; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x41:
+ level2->sizekb = 128; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x42:
+ level2->sizekb = 256; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x43:
+ level2->sizekb = 512; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x44:
+ level2->sizekb = 1024; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x45:
+ level2->sizekb = 2048; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x49:
+ if (xeon_mp)
+ break;
+ level2->sizekb = 4096; level2->assoc = 16; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x4e:
+ level2->sizekb = 6144; level2->assoc = 24; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x60:
+ level1->sizekb = 16; level1->assoc = 8; level1->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x66:
+ level1->sizekb = 8; level1->assoc = 4; level1->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x67:
+ level1->sizekb = 16; level1->assoc = 4; level1->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x68:
+ level1->sizekb = 32; level1->assoc = 4; level1->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x78:
+ level2->sizekb = 1024; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x79:
+ level2->sizekb = 128; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x7a:
+ level2->sizekb = 256; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x7b:
+ level2->sizekb = 512; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x7c:
+ level2->sizekb = 1024; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x7d:
+ level2->sizekb = 2048; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x7f:
+ level2->sizekb = 512; level2->assoc = 2; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x82:
+ level2->sizekb = 256; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x83:
+ level2->sizekb = 512; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x84:
+ level2->sizekb = 1024; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x85:
+ level2->sizekb = 2048; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 32;
+ break;
+ case 0x86:
+ level2->sizekb = 512; level2->assoc = 4; level2->line = 64;
+ break;
+ case 0x87:
+ level2->sizekb = 1024; level2->assoc = 8; level2->line = 64;
+
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
}
-/* Stores the size of the L1/2 cache and cache line, and the associativity
- of the cache according to REG to L1_SIZEKB, L1_LINE, L1_ASSOC and
- L2_SIZEKB. */
+/* Detect cache parameters using CPUID function 2. */
static void
-decode_caches_intel (unsigned reg, unsigned *l1_sizekb, unsigned *l1_line,
- unsigned *l1_assoc, unsigned *l2_sizekb,
- unsigned *l2_line, unsigned *l2_assoc)
+detect_caches_cpuid2 (bool xeon_mp,
+ struct cache_desc *level1, struct cache_desc *level2)
{
- unsigned i, val;
+ unsigned regs[4];
+ int nreps, i;
+
+ __cpuid (2, regs[0], regs[1], regs[2], regs[3]);
- if (((reg >> 31) & 1) != 0)
- return;
+ nreps = regs[0] & 0x0f;
+ regs[0] &= ~0x0f;
- for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+ while (--nreps >= 0)
{
- val = reg & 0xff;
- reg >>= 8;
+ for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+ if (regs[i] && !((regs[i] >> 31) & 1))
+ decode_caches_intel (regs[i], xeon_mp, level1, level2);
- switch (val)
- {
- case 0xa:
- *l1_sizekb = 8;
- *l1_line = 32;
- *l1_assoc = 2;
- break;
- case 0xc:
- *l1_sizekb = 16;
- *l1_line = 32;
- *l1_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x2c:
- *l1_sizekb = 32;
- *l1_line = 64;
- *l1_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x39:
- *l2_sizekb = 128;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x3a:
- *l2_sizekb = 192;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 6;
- break;
- case 0x3b:
- *l2_sizekb = 128;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 2;
- break;
- case 0x3c:
- *l2_sizekb = 256;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x3d:
- *l2_sizekb = 384;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 6;
- break;
- case 0x3e:
- *l2_sizekb = 512;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x41:
- *l2_sizekb = 128;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x42:
- *l2_sizekb = 256;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x43:
- *l2_sizekb = 512;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x44:
- *l2_sizekb = 1024;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x45:
- *l2_sizekb = 2048;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x49:
- *l2_sizekb = 4096;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 16;
- break;
- case 0x60:
- *l1_sizekb = 16;
- *l1_line = 64;
- *l1_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x66:
- *l1_sizekb = 8;
- *l1_line = 64;
- *l1_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x67:
- *l1_sizekb = 16;
- *l1_line = 64;
- *l1_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x68:
- *l1_sizekb = 32;
- *l1_line = 64;
- *l1_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x78:
- *l2_sizekb = 1024;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x79:
- *l2_sizekb = 128;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x7a:
- *l2_sizekb = 256;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x7b:
- *l2_sizekb = 512;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x7c:
- *l2_sizekb = 1024;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x7d:
- *l2_sizekb = 2048;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x7f:
- *l2_sizekb = 512;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 2;
- break;
- case 0x82:
- *l2_sizekb = 256;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x83:
- *l2_sizekb = 512;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x84:
- *l2_sizekb = 1024;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x85:
- *l2_sizekb = 2048;
- *l2_line = 32;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
- case 0x86:
- *l2_sizekb = 512;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 4;
- break;
- case 0x87:
- *l2_sizekb = 1024;
- *l2_line = 64;
- *l2_assoc = 8;
- break;
+ if (nreps)
+ __cpuid (2, regs[0], regs[1], regs[2], regs[3]);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Detect cache parameters using CPUID function 4. This
+ method doesn't require hardcoded tables. */
+enum cache_type
+{
+ CACHE_END = 0,
+ CACHE_DATA = 1,
+ CACHE_INST = 2,
+ CACHE_UNIFIED = 3
+};
+
+static void
+detect_caches_cpuid4 (struct cache_desc *level1, struct cache_desc *level2,
+ struct cache_desc *level3)
+{
+ struct cache_desc *cache;
+
+ unsigned eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+ int count;
+
+ for (count = 0;; count++)
+ {
+ __cpuid_count(4, count, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
+ switch (eax & 0x1f)
+ {
+ case CACHE_END:
+ return;
+ case CACHE_DATA:
+ case CACHE_UNIFIED:
+ {
+ switch ((eax >> 5) & 0x07)
+ {
+ case 1:
+ cache = level1;
+ break;
+ case 2:
+ cache = level2;
+ break;
+ case 3:
+ cache = level3;
+ break;
+ default:
+ cache = NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (cache)
+ {
+ unsigned sets = ecx + 1;
+ unsigned part = ((ebx >> 12) & 0x03ff) + 1;
+
+ cache->assoc = ((ebx >> 22) & 0x03ff) + 1;
+ cache->line = (ebx & 0x0fff) + 1;
+
+ cache->sizekb = (cache->assoc * part
+ * cache->line * sets) / 1024;
+ }
+ }
default:
break;
}
}
}
-/* Returns the description of caches for an intel processor. */
+/* Returns the description of caches for an Intel processor. */
-static char *
-detect_caches_intel (unsigned max_level, unsigned max_ext_level)
+static const char *
+detect_caches_intel (bool xeon_mp, unsigned max_level,
+ unsigned max_ext_level, unsigned *l2sizekb)
{
- unsigned eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
- unsigned l1_sizekb = 0, l1_line = 0, assoc = 0;
- unsigned l2_sizekb = 0, l2_line = 0, l2_assoc = 0;
+ struct cache_desc level1 = {0, 0, 0}, level2 = {0, 0, 0}, level3 = {0, 0, 0};
- if (max_level < 2)
- return (char *) "";
+ if (max_level >= 4)
+ detect_caches_cpuid4 (&level1, &level2, &level3);
+ else if (max_level >= 2)
+ detect_caches_cpuid2 (xeon_mp, &level1, &level2);
+ else
+ return "";
- __cpuid (2, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
+ if (level1.sizekb == 0)
+ return "";
- decode_caches_intel (eax, &l1_sizekb, &l1_line, &assoc,
- &l2_sizekb, &l2_line, &l2_assoc);
- decode_caches_intel (ebx, &l1_sizekb, &l1_line, &assoc,
- &l2_sizekb, &l2_line, &l2_assoc);
- decode_caches_intel (ecx, &l1_sizekb, &l1_line, &assoc,
- &l2_sizekb, &l2_line, &l2_assoc);
- decode_caches_intel (edx, &l1_sizekb, &l1_line, &assoc,
- &l2_sizekb, &l2_line, &l2_assoc);
+ /* Let the L3 replace the L2. This assumes inclusive caches
+ and single threaded program for now. */
+ if (level3.sizekb)
+ level2 = level3;
- if (!l1_sizekb)
- return (char *) "";
+ /* Intel CPUs are equipped with AMD style L2 cache info. Try this
+ method if other methods fail to provide L2 cache parameters. */
+ if (level2.sizekb == 0 && max_ext_level >= 0x80000006)
+ detect_l2_cache (&level2);
- /* Newer Intel CPUs are equipped with AMD style L2 cache info */
- if (max_ext_level >= 0x80000006)
- decode_l2_cache (&l2_sizekb, &l2_line, &l2_assoc);
+ *l2sizekb = level2.sizekb;
- return describe_cache (l1_sizekb, l1_line, assoc, l2_sizekb);
+ return describe_cache (level1, level2);
}
+enum vendor_signatures
+{
+ SIG_INTEL = 0x756e6547 /* Genu */,
+ SIG_AMD = 0x68747541 /* Auth */
+};
+
+enum processor_signatures
+{
+ SIG_GEODE = 0x646f6547 /* Geod */
+};
+
/* This will be called by the spec parser in gcc.c when it sees
a %:local_cpu_detect(args) construct. Currently it will be called
with either "arch" or "tune" as argument depending on if -march=native
const char *cache = "";
const char *options = "";
- unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+ unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
unsigned int max_level, ext_level;
+
unsigned int vendor;
- unsigned int family;
+ unsigned int model, family;
unsigned int has_sse3, has_ssse3, has_cmpxchg16b;
unsigned int has_cmpxchg8b, has_cmov, has_mmx, has_sse, has_sse2;
/* Extended features */
unsigned int has_lahf_lm = 0, has_sse4a = 0;
unsigned int has_longmode = 0, has_3dnowp = 0, has_3dnow = 0;
+ unsigned int has_movbe = 0, has_sse4_1 = 0, has_sse4_2 = 0;
+ unsigned int has_popcnt = 0, has_aes = 0, has_avx = 0;
+ unsigned int has_pclmul = 0, has_abm = 0, has_lwp = 0;
bool arch;
+ unsigned int l2sizekb = 0;
+
if (argc < 1)
return NULL;
__cpuid (1, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
- /* We don't care for extended family. */
+ model = (eax >> 4) & 0x0f;
family = (eax >> 8) & 0x0f;
+ if (vendor == SIG_INTEL)
+ {
+ unsigned int extended_model, extended_family;
+
+ extended_model = (eax >> 12) & 0xf0;
+ extended_family = (eax >> 20) & 0xff;
+ if (family == 0x0f)
+ {
+ family += extended_family;
+ model += extended_model;
+ }
+ else if (family == 0x06)
+ model += extended_model;
+ }
has_sse3 = ecx & bit_SSE3;
has_ssse3 = ecx & bit_SSSE3;
+ has_sse4_1 = ecx & bit_SSE4_1;
+ has_sse4_2 = ecx & bit_SSE4_2;
+ has_avx = ecx & bit_AVX;
has_cmpxchg16b = ecx & bit_CMPXCHG16B;
+ has_movbe = ecx & bit_MOVBE;
+ has_popcnt = ecx & bit_POPCNT;
+ has_aes = ecx & bit_AES;
+ has_pclmul = ecx & bit_PCLMUL;
has_cmpxchg8b = edx & bit_CMPXCHG8B;
has_cmov = edx & bit_CMOV;
has_lahf_lm = ecx & bit_LAHF_LM;
has_sse4a = ecx & bit_SSE4a;
+ has_abm = ecx & bit_ABM;
+ has_lwp = ecx & bit_LWP;
has_longmode = edx & bit_LM;
has_3dnowp = edx & bit_3DNOWP;
if (!arch)
{
- if (vendor == *(unsigned int*) "Auth")
+ if (vendor == SIG_AMD)
cache = detect_caches_amd (ext_level);
- else if (vendor == *(unsigned int*) "Genu")
- cache = detect_caches_intel (max_level, ext_level);
+ else if (vendor == SIG_INTEL)
+ {
+ bool xeon_mp = (family == 15 && model == 6);
+ cache = detect_caches_intel (xeon_mp, max_level,
+ ext_level, &l2sizekb);
+ }
}
- if (vendor == *(unsigned int*) "Auth")
+ if (vendor == SIG_AMD)
{
- processor = PROCESSOR_PENTIUM;
+ unsigned int name;
- if (has_mmx)
- processor = PROCESSOR_K6;
- if (has_3dnowp)
- processor = PROCESSOR_ATHLON;
- if (has_sse2 || has_longmode)
- processor = PROCESSOR_K8;
- if (has_sse4a)
+ /* Detect geode processor by its processor signature. */
+ if (ext_level > 0x80000001)
+ __cpuid (0x80000002, name, ebx, ecx, edx);
+ else
+ name = 0;
+
+ if (name == SIG_GEODE)
+ processor = PROCESSOR_GEODE;
+ else if (has_sse4a)
processor = PROCESSOR_AMDFAM10;
+ else if (has_sse2 || has_longmode)
+ processor = PROCESSOR_K8;
+ else if (has_3dnowp)
+ processor = PROCESSOR_ATHLON;
+ else if (has_mmx)
+ processor = PROCESSOR_K6;
+ else
+ processor = PROCESSOR_PENTIUM;
}
- else if (vendor == *(unsigned int*) "Geod")
- processor = PROCESSOR_GEODE;
else
{
switch (family)
cpu = "pentium";
break;
case PROCESSOR_PENTIUMPRO:
- if (has_longmode)
- /* It is Core 2 Duo. */
+ if (model == 28)
+ cpu = "atom";
+ else if (model >= 28 && l2sizekb < 2048)
+ /* Assume it's a small core if there's less than 2MB cache */
+ cpu = "atom";
+ else if (has_longmode)
cpu = "core2";
else if (arch)
{
if (has_sse3)
/* It is Core Duo. */
- cpu = "prescott";
+ cpu = "pentium-m";
else if (has_sse2)
/* It is Pentium M. */
cpu = "pentium-m";
if (arch)
{
if (has_cmpxchg16b)
- options = concat (options, "-mcx16 ", NULL);
+ options = concat (options, " -mcx16", NULL);
if (has_lahf_lm)
- options = concat (options, "-msahf ", NULL);
+ options = concat (options, " -msahf", NULL);
+ if (has_movbe)
+ options = concat (options, " -mmovbe", NULL);
+ if (has_aes)
+ options = concat (options, " -maes", NULL);
+ if (has_pclmul)
+ options = concat (options, " -mpclmul", NULL);
+ if (has_popcnt)
+ options = concat (options, " -mpopcnt", NULL);
+ if (has_abm)
+ options = concat (options, " -mabm", NULL);
+ if (has_lwp)
+ options = concat (options, " -mlwp", NULL);
+
+ if (has_avx)
+ options = concat (options, " -mavx", NULL);
+ else if (has_sse4_2)
+ options = concat (options, " -msse4.2", NULL);
+ else if (has_sse4_1)
+ options = concat (options, " -msse4.1", NULL);
}
done:
- return concat (cache, "-m", argv[0], "=", cpu, " ", options, NULL);
+ return concat (cache, "-m", argv[0], "=", cpu, options, NULL);
}
#else
-/* If we aren't compiling with GCC we just provide a minimal
- default value. */
+/* If we aren't compiling with GCC then the driver will just ignore
+ -march and -mtune "native" target and will leave to the newly
+ built compiler to generate code for its default target. */
-const char *host_detect_local_cpu (int argc, const char **argv)
+const char *host_detect_local_cpu (int argc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+ const char **argv ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
- const char *cpu;
- bool arch;
-
- if (argc < 1)
- return NULL;
-
- arch = !strcmp (argv[0], "arch");
-
- if (!arch && strcmp (argv[0], "tune"))
- return NULL;
-
- if (arch)
- {
- /* FIXME: i386 is wrong for 64bit compiler. How can we tell if
- we are generating 64bit or 32bit code? */
- cpu = "i386";
- }
- else
- cpu = "generic";
-
- return concat ("-m", argv[0], "=", cpu, NULL);
+ return NULL;
}
#endif /* __GNUC__ */