1 <appendix xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0"
2 xml:id="appendix.gfdl-1.3">
3 <info><title>GNU Free Documentation License</title></info>
4 <?dbhtml filename="appendix_gfdl.html"?>
6 <simpara>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</simpara>
8 Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
9 <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</link>
12 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
13 license document, but changing it is not allowed.
15 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section0" renderas="sect2">
19 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
20 functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom:
21 to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
22 or without modifying it, either commercially or
23 noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
24 publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
25 responsible for modifications made by others.
28 This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that
29 derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same
30 sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
31 license designed for free software.
34 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
35 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
36 should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
37 does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
38 for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
39 published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
40 works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
42 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section1" renderas="sect2">
43 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
46 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
47 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
48 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
49 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
50 under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below,
51 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
52 and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy,
53 modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
57 A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing
58 the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
59 modifications and/or translated into another language.
62 A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter
63 section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of
64 the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
65 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
66 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
67 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
68 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection
69 with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
70 philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
73 The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
74 titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
75 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section
76 does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to
77 be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
78 Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
82 The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
83 listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says
84 that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
85 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
88 A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable
89 copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the
90 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
91 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
92 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
93 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
94 automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
95 formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
96 markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
97 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
98 not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
99 not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
102 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
103 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
104 using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
105 PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
106 image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
107 formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
108 SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
109 available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
110 some word processors for output purposes only.
113 The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page
114 itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
115 material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
116 formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page”
117 means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s
118 title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
121 The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes
122 copies of the Document to the public.
125 A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
126 whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
127 following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands
128 for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
129 “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”,
130 “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve
131 the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that
132 it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according to this
136 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
137 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
138 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
139 but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
140 these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
141 meaning of this License.
143 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section2" renderas="sect2">
147 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
148 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
149 notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
150 Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
151 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
152 measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
153 copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
154 exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
155 must also follow the conditions in section 3.
158 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
159 may publicly display copies.
161 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section3" renderas="sect2">
162 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
165 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
166 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
167 Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
168 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
169 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the
170 back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
171 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
172 with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
173 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
174 the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
175 these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
178 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
179 you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
180 actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
183 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
184 than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
185 along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
186 computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
187 access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
188 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
189 latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
190 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
191 copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
192 year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
193 through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
196 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
197 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
198 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
200 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section4" renderas="sect2">
204 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
205 conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
206 Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
207 filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
208 modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
209 addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
211 <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
214 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
215 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
216 should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
217 Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
218 original publisher of that version gives permission.
223 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
224 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
225 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
226 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
227 unless they release you from this requirement.
232 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
233 Version, as the publisher.
238 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
243 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
244 the other copyright notices.
249 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
250 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
251 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
256 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
257 and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license
263 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
268 Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its
269 Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
270 authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
271 Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
272 Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
273 of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
274 describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
279 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
280 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
281 network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
282 based on. These may be placed in the “History”
283 section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published
284 at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
285 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
290 For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or
291 “Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and
292 preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
293 contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
298 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
299 their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
300 not considered part of the section titles.
305 Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section
306 may not be included in the Modified Version.
311 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
312 “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
318 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
323 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
324 that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
325 Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
326 as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant
327 Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles
328 must be distinct from any other section titles.
331 You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it
332 contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
333 parties — for example, statements of peer review or that the text
334 has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
338 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
339 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
340 Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
341 and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
342 by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
343 same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
344 entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
345 replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
346 that added the old one.
349 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
350 permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
351 endorsement of any Modified Version.
353 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section5" renderas="sect2">
354 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
357 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
358 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
359 provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
360 of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
361 Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
362 you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
365 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
366 identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
367 are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
368 make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
369 parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
370 if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
371 titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
375 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
376 “History” in the various original documents, forming one
377 section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections
378 Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled
379 “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled
382 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section6" renderas="sect2">
383 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
386 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
387 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
388 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
389 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
390 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
393 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
394 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
395 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
396 respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
398 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section7" renderas="sect2">
399 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
402 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
403 independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
404 distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright
405 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of
406 the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works
407 permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
408 not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
409 derivative works of the Document.
412 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
413 of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
414 aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that
415 bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of
416 covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
417 on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
419 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section8" renderas="sect2">
423 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
424 translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
425 Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
426 their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
427 Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
428 Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
429 license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
430 that you also include the original English version of this License and the
431 original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
432 disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
433 License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
436 If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
437 “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement
438 (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
439 changing the actual title.
441 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section9" renderas="sect2">
445 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
446 expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
447 modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
448 terminate your rights under this License.
451 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
452 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless
453 and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your
454 license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you
455 of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the
459 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
460 permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
461 reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
462 violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
463 you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
466 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
467 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
468 License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
469 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
470 give you any rights to use it.
472 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section10" renderas="sect2">
473 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
476 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
477 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
478 similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
479 address new problems or concerns. See
480 <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">Copyleft</link>.
483 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
484 the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
485 “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of
486 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
487 any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
488 Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
489 this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
490 by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy
491 can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
492 proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
493 authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
495 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-section11" renderas="sect2">
499 “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC
500 Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable
501 works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those
502 works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a
503 server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or
504 “MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable
505 works thus published on the MMC site.
508 “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
509 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
510 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
511 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published
512 by that same organization.
515 “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in
516 whole or in part, as part of another Document.
519 An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under
520 this License, and if all works that were first published under this
521 License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in
522 whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant
523 sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
526 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
527 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
528 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
530 <bridgehead xml:id="fdl-1-addendum" renderas="sect2">
531 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
534 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
535 License in the document and put the following copyright and license
536 notices just after the title page:
538 <screen>Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME
540 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
541 terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
542 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
543 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
544 the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.</screen>
546 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
547 replace the “with… Texts.” line with this:
549 <screen>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts
550 being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</screen>
552 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
553 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
557 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
558 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
559 software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
560 use in free software.