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3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>API Evolution and Deprecation History</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, api, evolution, deprecation, history" /><meta name="keywords" content=" ISO C++ , library " /><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Documentation" /><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B. Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="prev" href="abi.html" title="ABI Policy and Guidelines" /><link rel="next" href="backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">API Evolution and Deprecation History</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="abi.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B.
4 Porting and Maintenance
6 </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backwards.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" title="API Evolution and Deprecation History"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="appendix.porting.api"></a>API Evolution and Deprecation History</h2></div></div></div><p>
7 A list of user-visible changes, in chronological order
8 </p><div class="sect2" title="3.0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_300"></a><code class="constant">3.0</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
9 Extensions moved to <code class="filename">include/ext</code>.
11 Include files from the SGI/HP sources that pre-date the ISO standard
12 are added. These files are placed into
13 the <code class="filename">include/backward</code> directory and a deprecated warning
14 is added that notifies on inclusion (<code class="literal">-Wno-deprecated</code>
15 deactivates the warning.)
16 </p><p>Deprecated include <code class="filename">backward/strstream</code> added.</p><p>Removal of include <code class="filename">builtinbuf.h</code>, <code class="filename">indstream.h</code>, <code class="filename">parsestream.h</code>, <code class="filename">PlotFile.h</code>, <code class="filename">SFile.h</code>, <code class="filename">stdiostream.h</code>, and <code class="filename">stream.h</code>.
17 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="3.1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_310"></a><code class="constant">3.1</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
19 Extensions from SGI/HP moved from <code class="code">namespace std</code>
20 to <code class="code">namespace __gnu_cxx</code>. As part of this, the following
22 added: <code class="filename">ext/algorithm</code>, <code class="filename">ext/functional</code>, <code class="filename">ext/iterator</code>, <code class="filename">ext/memory</code>, and <code class="filename">ext/numeric</code>.
24 Extensions to <code class="code">basic_filebuf</code> introduced: <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::enc_filebuf</code>, and <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf</code>.
26 Extensions to tree data structures added in <code class="filename">ext/rb_tree</code>.
28 Removal of <code class="filename">ext/tree</code>, moved to <code class="filename">backward/tree.h</code>.
29 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="3.2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_320"></a><code class="constant">3.2</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
30 </p><p>Symbol versioning introduced for shared library.</p><p>Removal of include <code class="filename">backward/strstream.h</code>.</p><p>Allocator changes. Change <code class="code">__malloc_alloc</code> to <code class="code">malloc_allocator</code> and <code class="code">__new_alloc</code> to <code class="code">new_allocator</code>. </p><p> For GCC releases from 2.95 through the 3.1 series, defining
31 <code class="literal">__USE_MALLOC</code> on the gcc command line would change the
32 default allocation strategy to instead use <code class="code"> malloc</code> and
33 <code class="function">free</code>. (This same functionality is now spelled <code class="literal">_GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW</code>, see
34 <a class="link" href="using_macros.html" title="Macros">this page</a>
36 </p><p>Error handling in iostreams cleaned up, made consistent. </p></div><div class="sect2" title="3.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_330"></a><code class="constant">3.3</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
37 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="3.4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_340"></a><code class="constant">3.4</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
40 </p><p> Extensions for generic characters and <code class="code">char_traits</code> added in <code class="filename">ext/pod_char_traits.h</code>.
42 Support for <code class="code">wchar_t</code> specializations of <code class="code">basic_filebuf</code> enhanced to support <code class="code">UTF-8</code> and <code class="code">Unicode</code>, depending on host. More hosts support basic <code class="code">wchar_t</code> functionality.
44 Support for <code class="code">char_traits</code> beyond builtin types.
46 Conformant <code class="code">allocator</code> class and usage in containers. As
47 part of this, the following extensions are
48 added: <code class="filename">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</code>, <code class="filename">ext/debug_allocator.h</code>, <code class="filename">ext/mt_allocator.h</code>, <code class="filename">ext/malloc_allocator.h</code>,<code class="filename">ext/new_allocator.h</code>, <code class="filename">ext/pool_allocator.h</code>.
50 This is a change from all previous versions, and may require
51 source-level changes due to allocator-related changes to structures
52 names and template parameters, filenames, and file locations. Some,
53 like <code class="code">__simple_alloc, __allocator, __alloc, </code> and <code class="code">
54 _Alloc_traits</code> have been removed.
55 </p><p>Default behavior of <code class="code">std::allocator</code> has changed.</p><p>
56 Previous versions prior to 3.4 cache allocations in a memory
57 pool, instead of passing through to call the global allocation
58 operators (i.e., <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::pool_allocator</code>). More
59 recent versions default to the
60 simpler <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</code>.
61 </p><p> Previously, all allocators were written to the SGI
62 style, and all STL containers expected this interface. This
63 interface had a traits class called <code class="code">_Alloc_traits</code> that
64 attempted to provide more information for compile-time allocation
65 selection and optimization. This traits class had another allocator
66 wrapper, <code class="code">__simple_alloc<T,A></code>, which was a
67 wrapper around another allocator, A, which itself is an allocator
68 for instances of T. But wait, there's more:
69 <code class="code">__allocator<T,A></code> is another adapter. Many of
70 the provided allocator classes were SGI style: such classes can be
71 changed to a conforming interface with this wrapper:
72 <code class="code">__allocator<T, __alloc></code> is thus the same as
73 <code class="code">allocator<T></code>.
74 </p><p> The class <code class="classname">allocator</code> used the typedef
75 <span class="type">__alloc</span> to select an underlying allocator that
76 satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this
77 underlying allocator was not user-configurable.
78 </p><div class="table"><a id="id653883"></a><p class="title"><b>Table B.1. Extension Allocators</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" /><col align="left" /><col align="left" /><col align="left" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator (3.4)</th><th align="left">Header (3.4)</th><th align="left">Allocator (3.[0-3])</th><th align="left">Header (3.[0-3])</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/new_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__new_alloc</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/malloc_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__malloc_alloc_template<int></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/debug_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::debug_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/pool_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__default_alloc_template<bool,int></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/mt_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection
79 of available allocators. All of these new allocators are
80 standard-style. The following table includes details, along with
81 the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator.
82 </p><div class="table"><a id="id553139"></a><p class="title"><b>Table B.2. Extension Allocators Continued</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators Continued" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" /><col align="left" /><col align="left" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator</th><th align="left">Include</th><th align="left">Version</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/array_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left">4.0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left">4.2.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
83 Debug mode first appears.
85 Precompiled header support <acronym class="acronym">PCH</acronym> support.
87 Macro guard for changed, from <code class="literal">_GLIBCPP_</code> to <code class="literal">_GLIBCXX_</code>.
89 Extension <code class="filename">ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h</code> added.
91 Extension <code class="filename">ext/demangle.h</code> added.
92 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_400"></a><code class="constant">4.0</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
94 TR1 features first appear.
96 Extension allocator <code class="filename">ext/array_allocator.h</code> added.
98 Extension <code class="code">codecvt</code> specializations moved to <code class="filename">ext/codecvt_specializations.h</code>.
100 Removal of <code class="filename">ext/demangle.h</code>.
101 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_410"></a><code class="constant">4.1</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
103 Removal of <code class="filename">cassert</code> from all standard headers: now has to be explicitly included for <code class="code">std::assert</code> calls.
104 </p><p> Extensions for policy-based data structures first added. New includes,
105 types, namespace <code class="code">pb_assoc</code>.
106 </p><p> Extensions for typelists added in <code class="filename">ext/typelist.h</code>.
107 </p><p> Extension for policy-based <code class="code">basic_string</code> first added: <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::__versa_string</code> in <code class="filename">ext/vstring.h</code>.
108 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_420"></a><code class="constant">4.2</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
109 </p><p> Default visibility attributes applied to <code class="code">namespace std</code>. Support for <code class="code">-fvisibility</code>.
110 </p><p>TR1 <code class="filename">random</code>, <code class="filename">complex</code>, and C compatibility headers added.</p><p> Extensions for concurrent programming consolidated
111 into <code class="filename">ext/concurrence.h</code> and <code class="filename">ext/atomicity.h</code>,
112 including change of namespace to <code class="code">__gnu_cxx</code> in some
114 include <code class="code">_Lock_policy</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code class="code">__mutex</code>, <code class="code">__scoped_lock</code>.</p><p> Extensions for type traits consolidated
115 into <code class="filename">ext/type_traits.h</code>. Additional traits are added
116 (<code class="code">__conditional_type</code>, <code class="code">__enable_if</code>, others.)
117 </p><p> Extensions for policy-based data structures revised. New includes,
118 types, namespace moved to <code class="code">__pb_ds</code>.
119 </p><p> Extensions for debug mode modified: now nested in <code class="code">namespace
120 std::__debug</code> and extensions in <code class="code">namespace
121 __gnu_cxx::__debug</code>.</p><p> Extensions added: <code class="filename">ext/typelist.h</code>
122 and <code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code>.
123 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_430"></a><code class="constant">4.3</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
125 C++0X features first appear.
126 </p><p>TR1 <code class="filename">regex</code> and <code class="filename">cmath</code>'s mathematical special function added.
128 Backward include edit.
129 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Removed</p><p>
130 <code class="filename">algobase.h</code> <code class="filename">algo.h</code> <code class="filename">alloc.h</code> <code class="filename">bvector.h</code> <code class="filename">complex.h</code>
131 <code class="filename">defalloc.h</code> <code class="filename">deque.h</code> <code class="filename">fstream.h</code> <code class="filename">function.h</code> <code class="filename">hash_map.h</code> <code class="filename">hash_set.h</code>
132 <code class="filename">hashtable.h</code> <code class="filename">heap.h</code> <code class="filename">iomanip.h</code> <code class="filename">iostream.h</code> <code class="filename">istream.h</code> <code class="filename">iterator.h</code>
133 <code class="filename">list.h</code> <code class="filename">map.h</code> <code class="filename">multimap.h</code> <code class="filename">multiset.h</code> <code class="filename">new.h</code> <code class="filename">ostream.h</code> <code class="filename">pair.h</code> <code class="filename">queue.h</code> <code class="filename">rope.h</code> <code class="filename">set.h</code> <code class="filename">slist.h</code> <code class="filename">stack.h</code> <code class="filename">streambuf.h</code> <code class="filename">stream.h</code> <code class="filename">tempbuf.h</code>
134 <code class="filename">tree.h</code> <code class="filename">vector.h</code>
135 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Added</p><p>
136 <code class="filename">hash_map</code> and <code class="filename">hash_set</code>
137 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Added in C++0x</p><p>
138 <code class="filename">auto_ptr.h</code> and <code class="filename">binders.h</code>
139 </p></li></ul></div><p>
140 Header dependency streamlining.
141 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">algorithm</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">climits</code>, <code class="filename">cstring</code>, or <code class="filename">iosfwd</code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">bitset</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">istream</code> or <code class="filename">ostream</code>, adds <code class="filename">iosfwd</code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">functional</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">cstddef</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">iomanip</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">istream</code>, <code class="filename">istream</code>, or <code class="filename">functional</code>, adds <code class="filename">ioswd</code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">numeric</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">iterator</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">string</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">algorithm</code> or <code class="filename">memory</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">valarray</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">numeric</code> or <code class="filename">cstdlib</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">tr1/hashtable</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">memory</code> or <code class="filename">functional</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">tr1/memory</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">algorithm</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">tr1/random</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">algorithm</code> or <code class="filename">fstream</code></p></li></ul></div><p>
142 Debug mode for <code class="filename">unordered_map</code> and <code class="filename">unordered_set</code>.
144 Parallel mode first appears.
145 </p><p>Variadic template implementations of items in <code class="filename">tuple</code> and
146 <code class="filename">functional</code>.
147 </p><p>Default <code class="code">what</code> implementations give more elaborate
148 exception strings for <code class="code">bad_cast</code>,
149 <code class="code">bad_typeid</code>, <code class="code">bad_exception</code>, and
150 <code class="code">bad_alloc</code>.
152 PCH binary files no longer installed. Instead, the source files are installed.
154 Namespace pb_ds moved to __gnu_pb_ds.
155 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_440"></a><code class="constant">4.4</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
158 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
161 <code class="filename">atomic</code>,
162 <code class="filename">chrono</code>,
163 <code class="filename">condition_variable</code>,
164 <code class="filename">forward_list</code>,
165 <code class="filename">initializer_list</code>,
166 <code class="filename">mutex</code>,
167 <code class="filename">ratio</code>,
168 <code class="filename">thread</code>
169 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
170 Updated and improved.
172 <code class="filename">algorithm</code>,
173 <code class="filename">system_error</code>,
174 <code class="filename">type_traits</code>
175 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
176 Use of the GNU extension namespace association converted to inline namespaces.
177 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
178 Preliminary support for <code class="classname">initializer_list</code>
179 and defaulted and deleted constructors in container classes.
180 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
181 <code class="classname">unique_ptr</code>.
182 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
183 Support for new character types <span class="type">char16_t</span>
184 and <span class="type">char32_t</span> added
185 to <code class="classname">char_traits</code>, <code class="classname">basic_string</code>, <code class="classname">numeric_limits</code>,
186 and assorted compile-time type traits.
187 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
188 Support for string conversions <code class="function">to_string</code>
189 and <code class="function">to_wstring</code>.
190 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
191 Member functions taking string arguments were added to iostreams
192 including <code class="classname">basic_filebuf</code>, <code class="classname">basic_ofstream</code>,
193 and <code class="classname">basic_ifstream</code>.
194 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
195 Exception propagation support,
196 including <code class="classname">exception_ptr</code>, <code class="function">current_exception</code>, <code class="function">copy_exception</code>,
197 and <code class="function">rethrow_exception</code>.
198 </p></li></ul></div><p>
199 Uglification of <code class="literal">try</code> to <code class="literal">__try</code>
200 and <code class="literal">catch</code> to <code class="literal">__catch</code>.
202 Audit of internal mutex usage, conversion to functions returning static
205 added: <code class="filename">ext/pointer.h</code>
206 and <code class="filename">ext/extptr_allocator.h</code>. Support
207 for non-standard pointer types has been added
208 to <code class="classname">vector</code>
209 and <code class="classname">forward_list</code>.
210 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_450"></a><code class="constant">4.5</code></h3></div></div></div><p>
213 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
216 <code class="filename">functional</code>,
217 <code class="filename">future</code>,
218 <code class="filename">random</code>
219 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
220 Updated and improved.
222 <code class="filename">atomic</code>,
223 <code class="filename">system_error</code>,
224 <code class="filename">type_traits</code>
225 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
226 Add support for explicit operators and standard layout types.
227 </p></li></ul></div><p>
228 Profile mode first appears.
230 Support for decimal floating-point arithmetic, including <code class="classname">decimal32</code>, <code class="classname">decimal64</code>, and <code class="classname">decimal128</code>.
232 Python pretty-printers are added for use with appropriately-advanced versions of <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span>.
234 Audit for application of function attributes notrow, const, pure, and noreturn.
236 The default behavior for comparing typeinfo names changed, so
237 in <code class="filename">typeinfo</code>, <code class="literal">__GXX_MERGED_TYPEINFO_NAMES</code>
238 now defaults to zero.
239 </p><p> Extensions modified: <code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code>.
240 </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="abi.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backwards.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">ABI Policy and Guidelines </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Backwards Compatibility</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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