[pf3gnuchains/gcc-fork.git] / gcc / fortran / resolve.c

/* Perform type resolution on the various stuctures.
   Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Andy Vaught

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,Boston, MA
02110-1301, USA.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "gfortran.h"
#include "obstack.h"
#include "bitmap.h"
#include "arith.h"  /* For gfc_compare_expr().  */
#include "dependency.h"

/* Types used in equivalence statements.  */

typedef enum seq_type
{
  SEQ_NONDEFAULT, SEQ_NUMERIC, SEQ_CHARACTER, SEQ_MIXED
}
seq_type;

/* Stack to keep track of the nesting of blocks as we move through the
   code.  See resolve_branch() and resolve_code().  */

typedef struct code_stack
{
  struct gfc_code *head, *current, *tail;
  struct code_stack *prev;

  /* This bitmap keeps track of the targets valid for a branch from
     inside this block.  */
  bitmap reachable_labels;
}
code_stack;

static code_stack *cs_base = NULL;


/* Nonzero if we're inside a FORALL block.  */

static int forall_flag;

/* Nonzero if we're inside a OpenMP WORKSHARE or PARALLEL WORKSHARE block.  */

static int omp_workshare_flag;

/* Nonzero if we are processing a formal arglist. The corresponding function
   resets the flag each time that it is read.  */
static int formal_arg_flag = 0;

/* True if we are resolving a specification expression.  */
static int specification_expr = 0;

/* The id of the last entry seen.  */
static int current_entry_id;

/* We use bitmaps to determine if a branch target is valid.  */
static bitmap_obstack labels_obstack;

int
gfc_is_formal_arg (void)
{
  return formal_arg_flag;
}

/* Resolve types of formal argument lists.  These have to be done early so that
   the formal argument lists of module procedures can be copied to the
   containing module before the individual procedures are resolved
   individually.  We also resolve argument lists of procedures in interface
   blocks because they are self-contained scoping units.

   Since a dummy argument cannot be a non-dummy procedure, the only
   resort left for untyped names are the IMPLICIT types.  */

static void
resolve_formal_arglist (gfc_symbol *proc)
{
  gfc_formal_arglist *f;
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  int i;

  if (proc->result != NULL)
    sym = proc->result;
  else
    sym = proc;

  if (gfc_elemental (proc)
      || sym->attr.pointer || sym->attr.allocatable
      || (sym->as && sym->as->rank > 0))
    proc->attr.always_explicit = 1;

  formal_arg_flag = 1;

  for (f = proc->formal; f; f = f->next)
    {
      sym = f->sym;

      if (sym == NULL)
        {
          /* Alternate return placeholder.  */
          if (gfc_elemental (proc))
            gfc_error ("Alternate return specifier in elemental subroutine "
                       "'%s' at %L is not allowed", proc->name,
                       &proc->declared_at);
          if (proc->attr.function)
            gfc_error ("Alternate return specifier in function "
                       "'%s' at %L is not allowed", proc->name,
                       &proc->declared_at);
          continue;
        }

      if (sym->attr.if_source != IFSRC_UNKNOWN)
        resolve_formal_arglist (sym);

      if (sym->attr.subroutine || sym->attr.external || sym->attr.intrinsic)
        {
          if (gfc_pure (proc) && !gfc_pure (sym))
            {
              gfc_error ("Dummy procedure '%s' of PURE procedure at %L must "
                         "also be PURE", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
              continue;
            }

          if (gfc_elemental (proc))
            {
              gfc_error ("Dummy procedure at %L not allowed in ELEMENTAL "
                         "procedure", &sym->declared_at);
              continue;
            }

          if (sym->attr.function
                && sym->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN
                && sym->attr.intrinsic)
            {
              gfc_intrinsic_sym *isym;
              isym = gfc_find_function (sym->name);
              if (isym == NULL || !isym->specific)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Unable to find a specific INTRINSIC procedure "
                             "for the reference '%s' at %L", sym->name,
                             &sym->declared_at);
                }
              sym->ts = isym->ts;
            }

          continue;
        }

      if (sym->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN)
        {
          if (!sym->attr.function || sym->result == sym)
            gfc_set_default_type (sym, 1, sym->ns);
        }

      gfc_resolve_array_spec (sym->as, 0);

      /* We can't tell if an array with dimension (:) is assumed or deferred
         shape until we know if it has the pointer or allocatable attributes.
      */
      if (sym->as && sym->as->rank > 0 && sym->as->type == AS_DEFERRED
          && !(sym->attr.pointer || sym->attr.allocatable))
        {
          sym->as->type = AS_ASSUMED_SHAPE;
          for (i = 0; i < sym->as->rank; i++)
            sym->as->lower[i] = gfc_int_expr (1);
        }

      if ((sym->as && sym->as->rank > 0 && sym->as->type == AS_ASSUMED_SHAPE)
          || sym->attr.pointer || sym->attr.allocatable || sym->attr.target
          || sym->attr.optional)
        proc->attr.always_explicit = 1;

      /* If the flavor is unknown at this point, it has to be a variable.
         A procedure specification would have already set the type.  */

      if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_UNKNOWN)
        gfc_add_flavor (&sym->attr, FL_VARIABLE, sym->name, &sym->declared_at);

      if (gfc_pure (proc) && !sym->attr.pointer
          && sym->attr.flavor != FL_PROCEDURE)
        {
          if (proc->attr.function && sym->attr.intent != INTENT_IN)
            gfc_error ("Argument '%s' of pure function '%s' at %L must be "
                       "INTENT(IN)", sym->name, proc->name,
                       &sym->declared_at);

          if (proc->attr.subroutine && sym->attr.intent == INTENT_UNKNOWN)
            gfc_error ("Argument '%s' of pure subroutine '%s' at %L must "
                       "have its INTENT specified", sym->name, proc->name,
                       &sym->declared_at);
        }

      if (gfc_elemental (proc))
        {
          if (sym->as != NULL)
            {
              gfc_error ("Argument '%s' of elemental procedure at %L must "
                         "be scalar", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
              continue;
            }

          if (sym->attr.pointer)
            {
              gfc_error ("Argument '%s' of elemental procedure at %L cannot "
                         "have the POINTER attribute", sym->name,
                         &sym->declared_at);
              continue;
            }
        }

      /* Each dummy shall be specified to be scalar.  */
      if (proc->attr.proc == PROC_ST_FUNCTION)
        {
          if (sym->as != NULL)
            {
              gfc_error ("Argument '%s' of statement function at %L must "
                         "be scalar", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
              continue;
            }

          if (sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
            {
              gfc_charlen *cl = sym->ts.cl;
              if (!cl || !cl->length || cl->length->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Character-valued argument '%s' of statement "
                             "function at %L must have constant length",
                             sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
                  continue;
                }
            }
        }
    }
  formal_arg_flag = 0;
}


/* Work function called when searching for symbols that have argument lists
   associated with them.  */

static void
find_arglists (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  if (sym->attr.if_source == IFSRC_UNKNOWN || sym->ns != gfc_current_ns)
    return;

  resolve_formal_arglist (sym);
}


/* Given a namespace, resolve all formal argument lists within the namespace.
 */

static void
resolve_formal_arglists (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  if (ns == NULL)
    return;

  gfc_traverse_ns (ns, find_arglists);
}


static void
resolve_contained_fntype (gfc_symbol *sym, gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  try t;

  /* If this namespace is not a function, ignore it.  */
  if (! sym || !(sym->attr.function || sym->attr.flavor == FL_VARIABLE))
    return;

  /* Try to find out of what the return type is.  */
  if (sym->result->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN)
    {
      t = gfc_set_default_type (sym->result, 0, ns);

      if (t == FAILURE && !sym->result->attr.untyped)
        {
          if (sym->result == sym)
            gfc_error ("Contained function '%s' at %L has no IMPLICIT type",
                       sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          else
            gfc_error ("Result '%s' of contained function '%s' at %L has "
                       "no IMPLICIT type", sym->result->name, sym->name,
                       &sym->result->declared_at);
          sym->result->attr.untyped = 1;
        }
    }

  /* Fortran 95 Draft Standard, page 51, Section 5.1.1.5, on the Character 
     type, lists the only ways a character length value of * can be used:
     dummy arguments of procedures, named constants, and function results
     in external functions.  Internal function results are not on that list;
     ergo, not permitted.  */

  if (sym->result->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
    {
      gfc_charlen *cl = sym->result->ts.cl;
      if (!cl || !cl->length)
        gfc_error ("Character-valued internal function '%s' at %L must "
                   "not be assumed length", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
    }
}


/* Add NEW_ARGS to the formal argument list of PROC, taking care not to
   introduce duplicates.  */

static void
merge_argument_lists (gfc_symbol *proc, gfc_formal_arglist *new_args)
{
  gfc_formal_arglist *f, *new_arglist;
  gfc_symbol *new_sym;

  for (; new_args != NULL; new_args = new_args->next)
    {
      new_sym = new_args->sym;
      /* See if this arg is already in the formal argument list.  */
      for (f = proc->formal; f; f = f->next)
        {
          if (new_sym == f->sym)
            break;
        }

      if (f)
        continue;

      /* Add a new argument.  Argument order is not important.  */
      new_arglist = gfc_get_formal_arglist ();
      new_arglist->sym = new_sym;
      new_arglist->next = proc->formal;
      proc->formal  = new_arglist;
    }
}


/* Flag the arguments that are not present in all entries.  */

static void
check_argument_lists (gfc_symbol *proc, gfc_formal_arglist *new_args)
{
  gfc_formal_arglist *f, *head;
  head = new_args;

  for (f = proc->formal; f; f = f->next)
    {
      if (f->sym == NULL)
        continue;

      for (new_args = head; new_args; new_args = new_args->next)
        {
          if (new_args->sym == f->sym)
            break;
        }

      if (new_args)
        continue;

      f->sym->attr.not_always_present = 1;
    }
}


/* Resolve alternate entry points.  If a symbol has multiple entry points we
   create a new master symbol for the main routine, and turn the existing
   symbol into an entry point.  */

static void
resolve_entries (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  gfc_namespace *old_ns;
  gfc_code *c;
  gfc_symbol *proc;
  gfc_entry_list *el;
  char name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];
  static int master_count = 0;

  if (ns->proc_name == NULL)
    return;

  /* No need to do anything if this procedure doesn't have alternate entry
     points.  */
  if (!ns->entries)
    return;

  /* We may already have resolved alternate entry points.  */
  if (ns->proc_name->attr.entry_master)
    return;

  /* If this isn't a procedure something has gone horribly wrong.  */
  gcc_assert (ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE);

  /* Remember the current namespace.  */
  old_ns = gfc_current_ns;

  gfc_current_ns = ns;

  /* Add the main entry point to the list of entry points.  */
  el = gfc_get_entry_list ();
  el->sym = ns->proc_name;
  el->id = 0;
  el->next = ns->entries;
  ns->entries = el;
  ns->proc_name->attr.entry = 1;

  /* If it is a module function, it needs to be in the right namespace
     so that gfc_get_fake_result_decl can gather up the results. The
     need for this arose in get_proc_name, where these beasts were
     left in their own namespace, to keep prior references linked to
     the entry declaration.*/
  if (ns->proc_name->attr.function
      && ns->parent && ns->parent->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_MODULE)
    el->sym->ns = ns;

  /* Add an entry statement for it.  */
  c = gfc_get_code ();
  c->op = EXEC_ENTRY;
  c->ext.entry = el;
  c->next = ns->code;
  ns->code = c;

  /* Create a new symbol for the master function.  */
  /* Give the internal function a unique name (within this file).
     Also include the function name so the user has some hope of figuring
     out what is going on.  */
  snprintf (name, GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN, "master.%d.%s",
            master_count++, ns->proc_name->name);
  gfc_get_ha_symbol (name, &proc);
  gcc_assert (proc != NULL);

  gfc_add_procedure (&proc->attr, PROC_INTERNAL, proc->name, NULL);
  if (ns->proc_name->attr.subroutine)
    gfc_add_subroutine (&proc->attr, proc->name, NULL);
  else
    {
      gfc_symbol *sym;
      gfc_typespec *ts, *fts;
      gfc_array_spec *as, *fas;
      gfc_add_function (&proc->attr, proc->name, NULL);
      proc->result = proc;
      fas = ns->entries->sym->as;
      fas = fas ? fas : ns->entries->sym->result->as;
      fts = &ns->entries->sym->result->ts;
      if (fts->type == BT_UNKNOWN)
        fts = gfc_get_default_type (ns->entries->sym->result, NULL);
      for (el = ns->entries->next; el; el = el->next)
        {
          ts = &el->sym->result->ts;
          as = el->sym->as;
          as = as ? as : el->sym->result->as;
          if (ts->type == BT_UNKNOWN)
            ts = gfc_get_default_type (el->sym->result, NULL);

          if (! gfc_compare_types (ts, fts)
              || (el->sym->result->attr.dimension
                  != ns->entries->sym->result->attr.dimension)
              || (el->sym->result->attr.pointer
                  != ns->entries->sym->result->attr.pointer))
            break;

          else if (as && fas && gfc_compare_array_spec (as, fas) == 0)
            gfc_error ("Procedure %s at %L has entries with mismatched "
                       "array specifications", ns->entries->sym->name,
                       &ns->entries->sym->declared_at);
        }

      if (el == NULL)
        {
          sym = ns->entries->sym->result;
          /* All result types the same.  */
          proc->ts = *fts;
          if (sym->attr.dimension)
            gfc_set_array_spec (proc, gfc_copy_array_spec (sym->as), NULL);
          if (sym->attr.pointer)
            gfc_add_pointer (&proc->attr, NULL);
        }
      else
        {
          /* Otherwise the result will be passed through a union by
             reference.  */
          proc->attr.mixed_entry_master = 1;
          for (el = ns->entries; el; el = el->next)
            {
              sym = el->sym->result;
              if (sym->attr.dimension)
                {
                  if (el == ns->entries)
                    gfc_error ("FUNCTION result %s can't be an array in "
                               "FUNCTION %s at %L", sym->name,
                               ns->entries->sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
                  else
                    gfc_error ("ENTRY result %s can't be an array in "
                               "FUNCTION %s at %L", sym->name,
                               ns->entries->sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
                }
              else if (sym->attr.pointer)
                {
                  if (el == ns->entries)
                    gfc_error ("FUNCTION result %s can't be a POINTER in "
                               "FUNCTION %s at %L", sym->name,
                               ns->entries->sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
                  else
                    gfc_error ("ENTRY result %s can't be a POINTER in "
                               "FUNCTION %s at %L", sym->name,
                               ns->entries->sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
                }
              else
                {
                  ts = &sym->ts;
                  if (ts->type == BT_UNKNOWN)
                    ts = gfc_get_default_type (sym, NULL);
                  switch (ts->type)
                    {
                    case BT_INTEGER:
                      if (ts->kind == gfc_default_integer_kind)
                        sym = NULL;
                      break;
                    case BT_REAL:
                      if (ts->kind == gfc_default_real_kind
                          || ts->kind == gfc_default_double_kind)
                        sym = NULL;
                      break;
                    case BT_COMPLEX:
                      if (ts->kind == gfc_default_complex_kind)
                        sym = NULL;
                      break;
                    case BT_LOGICAL:
                      if (ts->kind == gfc_default_logical_kind)
                        sym = NULL;
                      break;
                    case BT_UNKNOWN:
                      /* We will issue error elsewhere.  */
                      sym = NULL;
                      break;
                    default:
                      break;
                    }
                  if (sym)
                    {
                      if (el == ns->entries)
                        gfc_error ("FUNCTION result %s can't be of type %s "
                                   "in FUNCTION %s at %L", sym->name,
                                   gfc_typename (ts), ns->entries->sym->name,
                                   &sym->declared_at);
                      else
                        gfc_error ("ENTRY result %s can't be of type %s "
                                   "in FUNCTION %s at %L", sym->name,
                                   gfc_typename (ts), ns->entries->sym->name,
                                   &sym->declared_at);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
  proc->attr.access = ACCESS_PRIVATE;
  proc->attr.entry_master = 1;

  /* Merge all the entry point arguments.  */
  for (el = ns->entries; el; el = el->next)
    merge_argument_lists (proc, el->sym->formal);

  /* Check the master formal arguments for any that are not
     present in all entry points.  */
  for (el = ns->entries; el; el = el->next)
    check_argument_lists (proc, el->sym->formal);

  /* Use the master function for the function body.  */
  ns->proc_name = proc;

  /* Finalize the new symbols.  */
  gfc_commit_symbols ();

  /* Restore the original namespace.  */
  gfc_current_ns = old_ns;
}


/* Resolve common blocks.  */
static void
resolve_common_blocks (gfc_symtree *common_root)
{
   gfc_symtree *symtree;
   gfc_symbol *sym;

   if (common_root == NULL)
     return;

   for (symtree = common_root; symtree->left; symtree = symtree->left);

   for (; symtree; symtree = symtree->right)
     {
        gfc_find_symbol (symtree->name, gfc_current_ns, 0, &sym);
        if (sym == NULL)
          continue;

        if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_PARAMETER)
          {
            gfc_error ("COMMON block '%s' at %L is used as PARAMETER at %L",
                       sym->name, &symtree->n.common->where,
                       &sym->declared_at);
          }

        if (sym->attr.intrinsic)
          {
            gfc_error ("COMMON block '%s' at %L is also an intrinsic "
                       "procedure", sym->name,
                       &symtree->n.common->where);
          }
        else if (sym->attr.result
                 ||(sym->attr.function && gfc_current_ns->proc_name == sym))
          {
            gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F2003, "Fortran 2003: COMMON block '%s' "
                            "at %L that is also a function result", sym->name,
                            &symtree->n.common->where);
          }
        else if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE
                && sym->attr.proc != PROC_INTERNAL
                && sym->attr.proc != PROC_ST_FUNCTION)
          {
            gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F2003, "Fortran 2003: COMMON block '%s' "
                            "at %L that is also a global procedure", sym->name,
                            &symtree->n.common->where);
          }
     }
}


/* Resolve contained function types.  Because contained functions can call one
   another, they have to be worked out before any of the contained procedures
   can be resolved.

   The good news is that if a function doesn't already have a type, the only
   way it can get one is through an IMPLICIT type or a RESULT variable, because
   by definition contained functions are contained namespace they're contained
   in, not in a sibling or parent namespace.  */

static void
resolve_contained_functions (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  gfc_namespace *child;
  gfc_entry_list *el;

  resolve_formal_arglists (ns);

  for (child = ns->contained; child; child = child->sibling)
    {
      /* Resolve alternate entry points first.  */
      resolve_entries (child);

      /* Then check function return types.  */
      resolve_contained_fntype (child->proc_name, child);
      for (el = child->entries; el; el = el->next)
        resolve_contained_fntype (el->sym, child);
    }
}


/* Resolve all of the elements of a structure constructor and make sure that
   the types are correct.  */

static try
resolve_structure_cons (gfc_expr *expr)
{
  gfc_constructor *cons;
  gfc_component *comp;
  try t;
  symbol_attribute a;

  t = SUCCESS;
  cons = expr->value.constructor;
  /* A constructor may have references if it is the result of substituting a
     parameter variable.  In this case we just pull out the component we
     want.  */
  if (expr->ref)
    comp = expr->ref->u.c.sym->components;
  else
    comp = expr->ts.derived->components;

  for (; comp; comp = comp->next, cons = cons->next)
    {
      if (!cons->expr)
        continue;

      if (gfc_resolve_expr (cons->expr) == FAILURE)
        {
          t = FAILURE;
          continue;
        }

      if (cons->expr->expr_type != EXPR_NULL
          && comp->as && comp->as->rank != cons->expr->rank
          && (comp->allocatable || cons->expr->rank))
        {
          gfc_error ("The rank of the element in the derived type "
                     "constructor at %L does not match that of the "
                     "component (%d/%d)", &cons->expr->where,
                     cons->expr->rank, comp->as ? comp->as->rank : 0);
          t = FAILURE;
        }

      /* If we don't have the right type, try to convert it.  */

      if (!gfc_compare_types (&cons->expr->ts, &comp->ts))
        {
          t = FAILURE;
          if (comp->pointer && cons->expr->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
            gfc_error ("The element in the derived type constructor at %L, "
                       "for pointer component '%s', is %s but should be %s",
                       &cons->expr->where, comp->name,
                       gfc_basic_typename (cons->expr->ts.type),
                       gfc_basic_typename (comp->ts.type));
          else
            t = gfc_convert_type (cons->expr, &comp->ts, 1);
        }

      if (!comp->pointer || cons->expr->expr_type == EXPR_NULL)
        continue;

      a = gfc_expr_attr (cons->expr);

      if (!a.pointer && !a.target)
        {
          t = FAILURE;
          gfc_error ("The element in the derived type constructor at %L, "
                     "for pointer component '%s' should be a POINTER or "
                     "a TARGET", &cons->expr->where, comp->name);
        }
    }

  return t;
}


/****************** Expression name resolution ******************/

/* Returns 0 if a symbol was not declared with a type or
   attribute declaration statement, nonzero otherwise.  */

static int
was_declared (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  symbol_attribute a;

  a = sym->attr;

  if (!a.implicit_type && sym->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
    return 1;

  if (a.allocatable || a.dimension || a.dummy || a.external || a.intrinsic
      || a.optional || a.pointer || a.save || a.target || a.volatile_
      || a.value || a.access != ACCESS_UNKNOWN || a.intent != INTENT_UNKNOWN)
    return 1;

  return 0;
}


/* Determine if a symbol is generic or not.  */

static int
generic_sym (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_symbol *s;

  if (sym->attr.generic ||
      (sym->attr.intrinsic && gfc_generic_intrinsic (sym->name)))
    return 1;

  if (was_declared (sym) || sym->ns->parent == NULL)
    return 0;

  gfc_find_symbol (sym->name, sym->ns->parent, 1, &s);

  return (s == NULL) ? 0 : generic_sym (s);
}


/* Determine if a symbol is specific or not.  */

static int
specific_sym (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_symbol *s;

  if (sym->attr.if_source == IFSRC_IFBODY
      || sym->attr.proc == PROC_MODULE
      || sym->attr.proc == PROC_INTERNAL
      || sym->attr.proc == PROC_ST_FUNCTION
      || (sym->attr.intrinsic && gfc_specific_intrinsic (sym->name))
      || sym->attr.external)
    return 1;

  if (was_declared (sym) || sym->ns->parent == NULL)
    return 0;

  gfc_find_symbol (sym->name, sym->ns->parent, 1, &s);

  return (s == NULL) ? 0 : specific_sym (s);
}


/* Figure out if the procedure is specific, generic or unknown.  */

typedef enum
{ PTYPE_GENERIC = 1, PTYPE_SPECIFIC, PTYPE_UNKNOWN }
proc_type;

static proc_type
procedure_kind (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  if (generic_sym (sym))
    return PTYPE_GENERIC;

  if (specific_sym (sym))
    return PTYPE_SPECIFIC;

  return PTYPE_UNKNOWN;
}

/* Check references to assumed size arrays.  The flag need_full_assumed_size
   is nonzero when matching actual arguments.  */

static int need_full_assumed_size = 0;

static bool
check_assumed_size_reference (gfc_symbol *sym, gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_ref *ref;
  int dim;
  int last = 1;

  if (need_full_assumed_size || !(sym->as && sym->as->type == AS_ASSUMED_SIZE))
      return false;

  for (ref = e->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    if (ref->type == REF_ARRAY)
      for (dim = 0; dim < ref->u.ar.as->rank; dim++)
        last = (ref->u.ar.end[dim] == NULL)
               && (ref->u.ar.type == DIMEN_ELEMENT);

  if (last)
    {
      gfc_error ("The upper bound in the last dimension must "
                 "appear in the reference to the assumed size "
                 "array '%s' at %L", sym->name, &e->where);
      return true;
    }
  return false;
}


/* Look for bad assumed size array references in argument expressions
  of elemental and array valued intrinsic procedures.  Since this is
  called from procedure resolution functions, it only recurses at
  operators.  */

static bool
resolve_assumed_size_actual (gfc_expr *e)
{
  if (e == NULL)
   return false;

  switch (e->expr_type)
    {
    case EXPR_VARIABLE:
      if (e->symtree && check_assumed_size_reference (e->symtree->n.sym, e))
        return true;
      break;

    case EXPR_OP:
      if (resolve_assumed_size_actual (e->value.op.op1)
          || resolve_assumed_size_actual (e->value.op.op2))
        return true;
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }
  return false;
}


/* Resolve an actual argument list.  Most of the time, this is just
   resolving the expressions in the list.
   The exception is that we sometimes have to decide whether arguments
   that look like procedure arguments are really simple variable
   references.  */

static try
resolve_actual_arglist (gfc_actual_arglist *arg, procedure_type ptype)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  gfc_symtree *parent_st;
  gfc_expr *e;

  for (; arg; arg = arg->next)
    {
      e = arg->expr;
      if (e == NULL)
        {
          /* Check the label is a valid branching target.  */
          if (arg->label)
            {
              if (arg->label->defined == ST_LABEL_UNKNOWN)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Label %d referenced at %L is never defined",
                             arg->label->value, &arg->label->where);
                  return FAILURE;
                }
            }
          continue;
        }

      if (e->ts.type != BT_PROCEDURE)
        {
          if (gfc_resolve_expr (e) != SUCCESS)
            return FAILURE;
          goto argument_list;
        }

      /* See if the expression node should really be a variable reference.  */

      sym = e->symtree->n.sym;

      if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE
          || sym->attr.intrinsic
          || sym->attr.external)
        {
          int actual_ok;

          /* If a procedure is not already determined to be something else
             check if it is intrinsic.  */
          if (!sym->attr.intrinsic
              && !(sym->attr.external || sym->attr.use_assoc
                   || sym->attr.if_source == IFSRC_IFBODY)
              && gfc_intrinsic_name (sym->name, sym->attr.subroutine))
            sym->attr.intrinsic = 1;

          if (sym->attr.proc == PROC_ST_FUNCTION)
            {
              gfc_error ("Statement function '%s' at %L is not allowed as an "
                         "actual argument", sym->name, &e->where);
            }

          actual_ok = gfc_intrinsic_actual_ok (sym->name,
                                               sym->attr.subroutine);
          if (sym->attr.intrinsic && actual_ok == 0)
            {
              gfc_error ("Intrinsic '%s' at %L is not allowed as an "
                         "actual argument", sym->name, &e->where);
            }

          if (sym->attr.contained && !sym->attr.use_assoc
              && sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor != FL_MODULE)
            {
              gfc_error ("Internal procedure '%s' is not allowed as an "
                         "actual argument at %L", sym->name, &e->where);
            }

          if (sym->attr.elemental && !sym->attr.intrinsic)
            {
              gfc_error ("ELEMENTAL non-INTRINSIC procedure '%s' is not "
                         "allowed as an actual argument at %L", sym->name,
                         &e->where);
            }

          /* Check if a generic interface has a specific procedure
            with the same name before emitting an error.  */
          if (sym->attr.generic)
            {
              gfc_interface *p;
              for (p = sym->generic; p; p = p->next)
                if (strcmp (sym->name, p->sym->name) == 0)
                  {
                    e->symtree = gfc_find_symtree
                                           (p->sym->ns->sym_root, sym->name);
                    sym = p->sym;
                    break;
                  }

              if (p == NULL || e->symtree == NULL)
                gfc_error ("GENERIC non-INTRINSIC procedure '%s' is not "
                                "allowed as an actual argument at %L", sym->name,
                                &e->where);
            }

          /* If the symbol is the function that names the current (or
             parent) scope, then we really have a variable reference.  */

          if (sym->attr.function && sym->result == sym
              && (sym->ns->proc_name == sym
                  || (sym->ns->parent != NULL
                      && sym->ns->parent->proc_name == sym)))
            goto got_variable;

          /* If all else fails, see if we have a specific intrinsic.  */
          if (sym->attr.function
              && sym->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN && sym->attr.intrinsic)
            {
              gfc_intrinsic_sym *isym;
              isym = gfc_find_function (sym->name);
              if (isym == NULL || !isym->specific)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Unable to find a specific INTRINSIC procedure "
                             "for the reference '%s' at %L", sym->name,
                             &e->where);
                }
              sym->ts = isym->ts;
            }
          goto argument_list;
        }

      /* See if the name is a module procedure in a parent unit.  */

      if (was_declared (sym) || sym->ns->parent == NULL)
        goto got_variable;

      if (gfc_find_sym_tree (sym->name, sym->ns->parent, 1, &parent_st))
        {
          gfc_error ("Symbol '%s' at %L is ambiguous", sym->name, &e->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (parent_st == NULL)
        goto got_variable;

      sym = parent_st->n.sym;
      e->symtree = parent_st;           /* Point to the right thing.  */

      if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE
          || sym->attr.intrinsic
          || sym->attr.external)
        {
          goto argument_list;
        }

    got_variable:
      e->expr_type = EXPR_VARIABLE;
      e->ts = sym->ts;
      if (sym->as != NULL)
        {
          e->rank = sym->as->rank;
          e->ref = gfc_get_ref ();
          e->ref->type = REF_ARRAY;
          e->ref->u.ar.type = AR_FULL;
          e->ref->u.ar.as = sym->as;
        }

      /* Expressions are assigned a default ts.type of BT_PROCEDURE in
         primary.c (match_actual_arg). If above code determines that it
         is a  variable instead, it needs to be resolved as it was not
         done at the beginning of this function.  */
      if (gfc_resolve_expr (e) != SUCCESS)
        return FAILURE;

    argument_list:
      /* Check argument list functions %VAL, %LOC and %REF.  There is
         nothing to do for %REF.  */
      if (arg->name && arg->name[0] == '%')
        {
          if (strncmp ("%VAL", arg->name, 4) == 0)
            {
              if (e->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER || e->ts.type == BT_DERIVED)
                {
                  gfc_error ("By-value argument at %L is not of numeric "
                             "type", &e->where);
                  return FAILURE;
                }

              if (e->rank)
                {
                  gfc_error ("By-value argument at %L cannot be an array or "
                             "an array section", &e->where);
                return FAILURE;
                }

              /* Intrinsics are still PROC_UNKNOWN here.  However,
                 since same file external procedures are not resolvable
                 in gfortran, it is a good deal easier to leave them to
                 intrinsic.c.  */
              if (ptype != PROC_UNKNOWN
                  && ptype != PROC_DUMMY
                  && ptype != PROC_EXTERNAL
                  && ptype != PROC_MODULE)
                {
                  gfc_error ("By-value argument at %L is not allowed "
                             "in this context", &e->where);
                  return FAILURE;
                }
            }

          /* Statement functions have already been excluded above.  */
          else if (strncmp ("%LOC", arg->name, 4) == 0
                   && e->ts.type == BT_PROCEDURE)
            {
              if (e->symtree->n.sym->attr.proc == PROC_INTERNAL)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Passing internal procedure at %L by location "
                             "not allowed", &e->where);
                  return FAILURE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Do the checks of the actual argument list that are specific to elemental
   procedures.  If called with c == NULL, we have a function, otherwise if
   expr == NULL, we have a subroutine.  */

static try
resolve_elemental_actual (gfc_expr *expr, gfc_code *c)
{
  gfc_actual_arglist *arg0;
  gfc_actual_arglist *arg;
  gfc_symbol *esym = NULL;
  gfc_intrinsic_sym *isym = NULL;
  gfc_expr *e = NULL;
  gfc_intrinsic_arg *iformal = NULL;
  gfc_formal_arglist *eformal = NULL;
  bool formal_optional = false;
  bool set_by_optional = false;
  int i;
  int rank = 0;

  /* Is this an elemental procedure?  */
  if (expr && expr->value.function.actual != NULL)
    {
      if (expr->value.function.esym != NULL
          && expr->value.function.esym->attr.elemental)
        {
          arg0 = expr->value.function.actual;
          esym = expr->value.function.esym;
        }
      else if (expr->value.function.isym != NULL
               && expr->value.function.isym->elemental)
        {
          arg0 = expr->value.function.actual;
          isym = expr->value.function.isym;
        }
      else
        return SUCCESS;
    }
  else if (c && c->ext.actual != NULL && c->symtree->n.sym->attr.elemental)
    {
      arg0 = c->ext.actual;
      esym = c->symtree->n.sym;
    }
  else
    return SUCCESS;

  /* The rank of an elemental is the rank of its array argument(s).  */
  for (arg = arg0; arg; arg = arg->next)
    {
      if (arg->expr != NULL && arg->expr->rank > 0)
        {
          rank = arg->expr->rank;
          if (arg->expr->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE
              && arg->expr->symtree->n.sym->attr.optional)
            set_by_optional = true;

          /* Function specific; set the result rank and shape.  */
          if (expr)
            {
              expr->rank = rank;
              if (!expr->shape && arg->expr->shape)
                {
                  expr->shape = gfc_get_shape (rank);
                  for (i = 0; i < rank; i++)
                    mpz_init_set (expr->shape[i], arg->expr->shape[i]);
                }
            }
          break;
        }
    }

  /* If it is an array, it shall not be supplied as an actual argument
     to an elemental procedure unless an array of the same rank is supplied
     as an actual argument corresponding to a nonoptional dummy argument of
     that elemental procedure(12.4.1.5).  */
  formal_optional = false;
  if (isym)
    iformal = isym->formal;
  else
    eformal = esym->formal;

  for (arg = arg0; arg; arg = arg->next)
    {
      if (eformal)
        {
          if (eformal->sym && eformal->sym->attr.optional)
            formal_optional = true;
          eformal = eformal->next;
        }
      else if (isym && iformal)
        {
          if (iformal->optional)
            formal_optional = true;
          iformal = iformal->next;
        }
      else if (isym)
        formal_optional = true;

      if (pedantic && arg->expr != NULL
          && arg->expr->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE
          && arg->expr->symtree->n.sym->attr.optional
          && formal_optional
          && arg->expr->rank
          && (set_by_optional || arg->expr->rank != rank)
          && !(isym && isym->id == GFC_ISYM_CONVERSION))
        {
          gfc_warning ("'%s' at %L is an array and OPTIONAL; IF IT IS "
                       "MISSING, it cannot be the actual argument of an "
                       "ELEMENTAL procedure unless there is a non-optional "
                       "argument with the same rank (12.4.1.5)",
                       arg->expr->symtree->n.sym->name, &arg->expr->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  for (arg = arg0; arg; arg = arg->next)
    {
      if (arg->expr == NULL || arg->expr->rank == 0)
        continue;

      /* Being elemental, the last upper bound of an assumed size array
         argument must be present.  */
      if (resolve_assumed_size_actual (arg->expr))
        return FAILURE;

      if (expr)
        continue;

      /* Elemental subroutine array actual arguments must conform.  */
      if (e != NULL)
        {
          if (gfc_check_conformance ("elemental subroutine", arg->expr, e)
              == FAILURE)
            return FAILURE;
        }
      else
        e = arg->expr;
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Go through each actual argument in ACTUAL and see if it can be
   implemented as an inlined, non-copying intrinsic.  FNSYM is the
   function being called, or NULL if not known.  */

static void
find_noncopying_intrinsics (gfc_symbol *fnsym, gfc_actual_arglist *actual)
{
  gfc_actual_arglist *ap;
  gfc_expr *expr;

  for (ap = actual; ap; ap = ap->next)
    if (ap->expr
        && (expr = gfc_get_noncopying_intrinsic_argument (ap->expr))
        && !gfc_check_fncall_dependency (expr, INTENT_IN, fnsym, actual))
      ap->expr->inline_noncopying_intrinsic = 1;
}


/* This function does the checking of references to global procedures
   as defined in sections 18.1 and 14.1, respectively, of the Fortran
   77 and 95 standards.  It checks for a gsymbol for the name, making
   one if it does not already exist.  If it already exists, then the
   reference being resolved must correspond to the type of gsymbol.
   Otherwise, the new symbol is equipped with the attributes of the
   reference.  The corresponding code that is called in creating
   global entities is parse.c.  */

static void
resolve_global_procedure (gfc_symbol *sym, locus *where, int sub)
{
  gfc_gsymbol * gsym;
  unsigned int type;

  type = sub ? GSYM_SUBROUTINE : GSYM_FUNCTION;

  gsym = gfc_get_gsymbol (sym->name);

  if ((gsym->type != GSYM_UNKNOWN && gsym->type != type))
    global_used (gsym, where);

  if (gsym->type == GSYM_UNKNOWN)
    {
      gsym->type = type;
      gsym->where = *where;
    }

  gsym->used = 1;
}


/************* Function resolution *************/

/* Resolve a function call known to be generic.
   Section 14.1.2.4.1.  */

static match
resolve_generic_f0 (gfc_expr *expr, gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_symbol *s;

  if (sym->attr.generic)
    {
      s = gfc_search_interface (sym->generic, 0, &expr->value.function.actual);
      if (s != NULL)
        {
          expr->value.function.name = s->name;
          expr->value.function.esym = s;

          if (s->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
            expr->ts = s->ts;
          else if (s->result != NULL && s->result->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
            expr->ts = s->result->ts;

          if (s->as != NULL)
            expr->rank = s->as->rank;
          else if (s->result != NULL && s->result->as != NULL)
            expr->rank = s->result->as->rank;

          return MATCH_YES;
        }

      /* TODO: Need to search for elemental references in generic
         interface.  */
    }

  if (sym->attr.intrinsic)
    return gfc_intrinsic_func_interface (expr, 0);

  return MATCH_NO;
}


static try
resolve_generic_f (gfc_expr *expr)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  match m;

  sym = expr->symtree->n.sym;

  for (;;)
    {
      m = resolve_generic_f0 (expr, sym);
      if (m == MATCH_YES)
        return SUCCESS;
      else if (m == MATCH_ERROR)
        return FAILURE;

generic:
      if (sym->ns->parent == NULL)
        break;
      gfc_find_symbol (sym->name, sym->ns->parent, 1, &sym);

      if (sym == NULL)
        break;
      if (!generic_sym (sym))
        goto generic;
    }

  /* Last ditch attempt.  See if the reference is to an intrinsic
     that possesses a matching interface.  14.1.2.4  */
  if (sym && !gfc_intrinsic_name (sym->name, 0))
    {
      gfc_error ("There is no specific function for the generic '%s' at %L",
                 expr->symtree->n.sym->name, &expr->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  m = gfc_intrinsic_func_interface (expr, 0);
  if (m == MATCH_YES)
    return SUCCESS;
  if (m == MATCH_NO)
    gfc_error ("Generic function '%s' at %L is not consistent with a "
               "specific intrinsic interface", expr->symtree->n.sym->name,
               &expr->where);

  return FAILURE;
}


/* Resolve a function call known to be specific.  */

static match
resolve_specific_f0 (gfc_symbol *sym, gfc_expr *expr)
{
  match m;

  if (sym->attr.external || sym->attr.if_source == IFSRC_IFBODY)
    {
      if (sym->attr.dummy)
        {
          sym->attr.proc = PROC_DUMMY;
          goto found;
        }

      sym->attr.proc = PROC_EXTERNAL;
      goto found;
    }

  if (sym->attr.proc == PROC_MODULE
      || sym->attr.proc == PROC_ST_FUNCTION
      || sym->attr.proc == PROC_INTERNAL)
    goto found;

  if (sym->attr.intrinsic)
    {
      m = gfc_intrinsic_func_interface (expr, 1);
      if (m == MATCH_YES)
        return MATCH_YES;
      if (m == MATCH_NO)
        gfc_error ("Function '%s' at %L is INTRINSIC but is not compatible "
                   "with an intrinsic", sym->name, &expr->where);

      return MATCH_ERROR;
    }

  return MATCH_NO;

found:
  gfc_procedure_use (sym, &expr->value.function.actual, &expr->where);

  expr->ts = sym->ts;
  expr->value.function.name = sym->name;
  expr->value.function.esym = sym;
  if (sym->as != NULL)
    expr->rank = sym->as->rank;

  return MATCH_YES;
}


static try
resolve_specific_f (gfc_expr *expr)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  match m;

  sym = expr->symtree->n.sym;

  for (;;)
    {
      m = resolve_specific_f0 (sym, expr);
      if (m == MATCH_YES)
        return SUCCESS;
      if (m == MATCH_ERROR)
        return FAILURE;

      if (sym->ns->parent == NULL)
        break;

      gfc_find_symbol (sym->name, sym->ns->parent, 1, &sym);

      if (sym == NULL)
        break;
    }

  gfc_error ("Unable to resolve the specific function '%s' at %L",
             expr->symtree->n.sym->name, &expr->where);

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve a procedure call not known to be generic nor specific.  */

static try
resolve_unknown_f (gfc_expr *expr)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  gfc_typespec *ts;

  sym = expr->symtree->n.sym;

  if (sym->attr.dummy)
    {
      sym->attr.proc = PROC_DUMMY;
      expr->value.function.name = sym->name;
      goto set_type;
    }

  /* See if we have an intrinsic function reference.  */

  if (gfc_intrinsic_name (sym->name, 0))
    {
      if (gfc_intrinsic_func_interface (expr, 1) == MATCH_YES)
        return SUCCESS;
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* The reference is to an external name.  */

  sym->attr.proc = PROC_EXTERNAL;
  expr->value.function.name = sym->name;
  expr->value.function.esym = expr->symtree->n.sym;

  if (sym->as != NULL)
    expr->rank = sym->as->rank;

  /* Type of the expression is either the type of the symbol or the
     default type of the symbol.  */

set_type:
  gfc_procedure_use (sym, &expr->value.function.actual, &expr->where);

  if (sym->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
    expr->ts = sym->ts;
  else
    {
      ts = gfc_get_default_type (sym, sym->ns);

      if (ts->type == BT_UNKNOWN)
        {
          gfc_error ("Function '%s' at %L has no IMPLICIT type",
                     sym->name, &expr->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }
      else
        expr->ts = *ts;
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Figure out if a function reference is pure or not.  Also set the name
   of the function for a potential error message.  Return nonzero if the
   function is PURE, zero if not.  */

static int
pure_function (gfc_expr *e, const char **name)
{
  int pure;

  *name = NULL;

  if (e->symtree != NULL
        && e->symtree->n.sym != NULL
        && e->symtree->n.sym->attr.proc == PROC_ST_FUNCTION)
    return 1;

  if (e->value.function.esym)
    {
      pure = gfc_pure (e->value.function.esym);
      *name = e->value.function.esym->name;
    }
  else if (e->value.function.isym)
    {
      pure = e->value.function.isym->pure
             || e->value.function.isym->elemental;
      *name = e->value.function.isym->name;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Implicit functions are not pure.  */
      pure = 0;
      *name = e->value.function.name;
    }

  return pure;
}


static try
is_scalar_expr_ptr (gfc_expr *expr)
{
  try retval = SUCCESS;
  gfc_ref *ref;
  int start;
  int end;

  /* See if we have a gfc_ref, which means we have a substring, array
     reference, or a component.  */
  if (expr->ref != NULL)
    {
      ref = expr->ref;
      while (ref->next != NULL)
        ref = ref->next;

      switch (ref->type)
        {
        case REF_SUBSTRING:
          if (ref->u.ss.length != NULL 
              && ref->u.ss.length->length != NULL
              && ref->u.ss.start
              && ref->u.ss.start->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT 
              && ref->u.ss.end
              && ref->u.ss.end->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT)
            {
              start = (int) mpz_get_si (ref->u.ss.start->value.integer);
              end = (int) mpz_get_si (ref->u.ss.end->value.integer);
              if (end - start + 1 != 1)
                retval = FAILURE;
            }
          else
            retval = FAILURE;
          break;
        case REF_ARRAY:
          if (ref->u.ar.type == AR_ELEMENT)
            retval = SUCCESS;
          else if (ref->u.ar.type == AR_FULL)
            {
              /* The user can give a full array if the array is of size 1.  */
              if (ref->u.ar.as != NULL
                  && ref->u.ar.as->rank == 1
                  && ref->u.ar.as->type == AS_EXPLICIT
                  && ref->u.ar.as->lower[0] != NULL
                  && ref->u.ar.as->lower[0]->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT
                  && ref->u.ar.as->upper[0] != NULL
                  && ref->u.ar.as->upper[0]->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT)
                {
                  /* If we have a character string, we need to check if
                     its length is one.  */
                  if (expr->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
                    {
                      if (expr->ts.cl == NULL
                          || expr->ts.cl->length == NULL
                          || mpz_cmp_si (expr->ts.cl->length->value.integer, 1)
                          != 0)
                        retval = FAILURE;
                    }
                  else
                    {
                  /* We have constant lower and upper bounds.  If the
                     difference between is 1, it can be considered a
                     scalar.  */
                  start = (int) mpz_get_si
                                (ref->u.ar.as->lower[0]->value.integer);
                  end = (int) mpz_get_si
                              (ref->u.ar.as->upper[0]->value.integer);
                  if (end - start + 1 != 1)
                    retval = FAILURE;
                }
                }
              else
                retval = FAILURE;
            }
          else
            retval = FAILURE;
          break;
        default:
          retval = SUCCESS;
          break;
        }
    }
  else if (expr->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER && expr->rank == 0)
    {
      /* Character string.  Make sure it's of length 1.  */
      if (expr->ts.cl == NULL
          || expr->ts.cl->length == NULL
          || mpz_cmp_si (expr->ts.cl->length->value.integer, 1) != 0)
        retval = FAILURE;
    }
  else if (expr->rank != 0)
    retval = FAILURE;

  return retval;
}


/* Match one of the iso_c_binding functions (c_associated or c_loc)
   and, in the case of c_associated, set the binding label based on
   the arguments.  */

static try
gfc_iso_c_func_interface (gfc_symbol *sym, gfc_actual_arglist *args,
                          gfc_symbol **new_sym)
{
  char name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];
  char binding_label[GFC_MAX_BINDING_LABEL_LEN + 1];
  int optional_arg = 0;
  try retval = SUCCESS;
  gfc_symbol *args_sym;

  args_sym = args->expr->symtree->n.sym;
   
  if (sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_ASSOCIATED)
    {
      /* If the user gave two args then they are providing something for
         the optional arg (the second cptr).  Therefore, set the name and
         binding label to the c_associated for two cptrs.  Otherwise,
         set c_associated to expect one cptr.  */
      if (args->next)
        {
          /* two args.  */
          sprintf (name, "%s_2", sym->name);
          sprintf (binding_label, "%s_2", sym->binding_label);
          optional_arg = 1;
        }
      else
        {
          /* one arg.  */
          sprintf (name, "%s_1", sym->name);
          sprintf (binding_label, "%s_1", sym->binding_label);
          optional_arg = 0;
        }

      /* Get a new symbol for the version of c_associated that
         will get called.  */
      *new_sym = get_iso_c_sym (sym, name, binding_label, optional_arg);
    }
  else if (sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_LOC
           || sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_FUNLOC)
    {
      sprintf (name, "%s", sym->name);
      sprintf (binding_label, "%s", sym->binding_label);

      /* Error check the call.  */
      if (args->next != NULL)
        {
          gfc_error_now ("More actual than formal arguments in '%s' "
                         "call at %L", name, &(args->expr->where));
          retval = FAILURE;
        }
      else if (sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_LOC)
        {
          /* Make sure we have either the target or pointer attribute.  */
          if (!(args->expr->symtree->n.sym->attr.target)
              && !(args->expr->symtree->n.sym->attr.pointer))
            {
              gfc_error_now ("Parameter '%s' to '%s' at %L must be either "
                             "a TARGET or an associated pointer",
                             args->expr->symtree->n.sym->name,
                             sym->name, &(args->expr->where));
              retval = FAILURE;
            }

          /* See if we have interoperable type and type param.  */
          if (verify_c_interop (&(args->expr->symtree->n.sym->ts),
                                args->expr->symtree->n.sym->name,
                                &(args->expr->where)) == SUCCESS
              || gfc_check_any_c_kind (&(args_sym->ts)) == SUCCESS)
            {
              if (args_sym->attr.target == 1)
                {
                  /* Case 1a, section 15.1.2.5, J3/04-007: variable that
                     has the target attribute and is interoperable.  */
                  /* Case 1b, section 15.1.2.5, J3/04-007: allocated
                     allocatable variable that has the TARGET attribute and
                     is not an array of zero size.  */
                  if (args_sym->attr.allocatable == 1)
                    {
                      if (args_sym->attr.dimension != 0 
                          && (args_sym->as && args_sym->as->rank == 0))
                        {
                          gfc_error_now ("Allocatable variable '%s' used as a "
                                         "parameter to '%s' at %L must not be "
                                         "an array of zero size",
                                         args_sym->name, sym->name,
                                         &(args->expr->where));
                          retval = FAILURE;
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      /* Make sure it's not a character string.  Arrays of
                         any type should be ok if the variable is of a C
                         interoperable type.  */
                      if (args_sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER 
                          && is_scalar_expr_ptr (args->expr) != SUCCESS)
                        {
                          gfc_error_now ("CHARACTER argument '%s' to '%s' at "
                                         "%L must have a length of 1",
                                         args_sym->name, sym->name,
                                         &(args->expr->where));
                          retval = FAILURE;
                        }
                    }
                }
              else if (args_sym->attr.pointer == 1
                       && is_scalar_expr_ptr (args->expr) != SUCCESS)
                {
                  /* Case 1c, section 15.1.2.5, J3/04-007: an associated
                     scalar pointer.  */
                  gfc_error_now ("Argument '%s' to '%s' at %L must be an "
                                 "associated scalar POINTER", args_sym->name,
                                 sym->name, &(args->expr->where));
                  retval = FAILURE;
                }
            }
          else
            {
              /* The parameter is not required to be C interoperable.  If it
                 is not C interoperable, it must be a nonpolymorphic scalar
                 with no length type parameters.  It still must have either
                 the pointer or target attribute, and it can be
                 allocatable (but must be allocated when c_loc is called).  */
              if (args_sym->attr.dimension != 0
                  && is_scalar_expr_ptr (args->expr) != SUCCESS)
                {
                  gfc_error_now ("Parameter '%s' to '%s' at %L must be a "
                                 "scalar", args_sym->name, sym->name,
                                 &(args->expr->where));
                  retval = FAILURE;
                }
              else if (args_sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER 
                       && args_sym->ts.cl != NULL)
                {
                  gfc_error_now ("CHARACTER parameter '%s' to '%s' at %L "
                                 "cannot have a length type parameter",
                                 args_sym->name, sym->name,
                                 &(args->expr->where));
                  retval = FAILURE;
                }
            }
        }
      else if (sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_FUNLOC)
        {
          if (args->expr->symtree->n.sym->attr.flavor != FL_PROCEDURE)
            {
              /* TODO: Update this error message to allow for procedure
                 pointers once they are implemented.  */
              gfc_error_now ("Parameter '%s' to '%s' at %L must be a "
                             "procedure",
                             args->expr->symtree->n.sym->name, sym->name,
                             &(args->expr->where));
              retval = FAILURE;
            }
          else if (args->expr->symtree->n.sym->attr.is_c_interop != 1)
            {
              gfc_error_now ("Parameter '%s' to '%s' at %L must be C "
                             "interoperable",
                             args->expr->symtree->n.sym->name, sym->name,
                             &(args->expr->where));
              retval = FAILURE;
            }
        }
      
      /* for c_loc/c_funloc, the new symbol is the same as the old one */
      *new_sym = sym;
    }
  else
    {
      gfc_internal_error ("gfc_iso_c_func_interface(): Unhandled "
                          "iso_c_binding function: '%s'!\n", sym->name);
    }

  return retval;
}


/* Resolve a function call, which means resolving the arguments, then figuring
   out which entity the name refers to.  */
/* TODO: Check procedure arguments so that an INTENT(IN) isn't passed
   to INTENT(OUT) or INTENT(INOUT).  */

static try
resolve_function (gfc_expr *expr)
{
  gfc_actual_arglist *arg;
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  const char *name;
  try t;
  int temp;
  procedure_type p = PROC_INTRINSIC;

  sym = NULL;
  if (expr->symtree)
    sym = expr->symtree->n.sym;

  if (sym && sym->attr.flavor == FL_VARIABLE)
    {
      gfc_error ("'%s' at %L is not a function", sym->name, &expr->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* If the procedure is not internal, a statement function or a module
     procedure,it must be external and should be checked for usage.  */
  if (sym && !sym->attr.dummy && !sym->attr.contained
      && sym->attr.proc != PROC_ST_FUNCTION
      && !sym->attr.use_assoc
      && sym->name  )
    resolve_global_procedure (sym, &expr->where, 0);

  /* Switch off assumed size checking and do this again for certain kinds
     of procedure, once the procedure itself is resolved.  */
  need_full_assumed_size++;

  if (expr->symtree && expr->symtree->n.sym)
    p = expr->symtree->n.sym->attr.proc;

  if (resolve_actual_arglist (expr->value.function.actual, p) == FAILURE)
      return FAILURE;

  /* Need to setup the call to the correct c_associated, depending on
     the number of cptrs to user gives to compare.  */
  if (sym && sym->attr.is_iso_c == 1)
    {
      if (gfc_iso_c_func_interface (sym, expr->value.function.actual, &sym)
          == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;
      
      /* Get the symtree for the new symbol (resolved func).
         the old one will be freed later, when it's no longer used.  */
      gfc_find_sym_tree (sym->name, sym->ns, 1, &(expr->symtree));
    }
  
  /* Resume assumed_size checking.  */
  need_full_assumed_size--;

  if (sym && sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER
      && sym->ts.cl
      && sym->ts.cl->length == NULL
      && !sym->attr.dummy
      && expr->value.function.esym == NULL
      && !sym->attr.contained)
    {
      /* Internal procedures are taken care of in resolve_contained_fntype.  */
      gfc_error ("Function '%s' is declared CHARACTER(*) and cannot "
                 "be used at %L since it is not a dummy argument",
                 sym->name, &expr->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* See if function is already resolved.  */

  if (expr->value.function.name != NULL)
    {
      if (expr->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN)
        expr->ts = sym->ts;
      t = SUCCESS;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Apply the rules of section 14.1.2.  */

      switch (procedure_kind (sym))
        {
        case PTYPE_GENERIC:
          t = resolve_generic_f (expr);
          break;

        case PTYPE_SPECIFIC:
          t = resolve_specific_f (expr);
          break;

        case PTYPE_UNKNOWN:
          t = resolve_unknown_f (expr);
          break;

        default:
          gfc_internal_error ("resolve_function(): bad function type");
        }
    }

  /* If the expression is still a function (it might have simplified),
     then we check to see if we are calling an elemental function.  */

  if (expr->expr_type != EXPR_FUNCTION)
    return t;

  temp = need_full_assumed_size;
  need_full_assumed_size = 0;

  if (resolve_elemental_actual (expr, NULL) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (omp_workshare_flag
      && expr->value.function.esym
      && ! gfc_elemental (expr->value.function.esym))
    {
      gfc_error ("User defined non-ELEMENTAL function '%s' at %L not allowed "
                 "in WORKSHARE construct", expr->value.function.esym->name,
                 &expr->where);
      t = FAILURE;
    }

#define GENERIC_ID expr->value.function.isym->id
  else if (expr->value.function.actual != NULL
           && expr->value.function.isym != NULL
           && GENERIC_ID != GFC_ISYM_LBOUND
           && GENERIC_ID != GFC_ISYM_LEN
           && GENERIC_ID != GFC_ISYM_LOC
           && GENERIC_ID != GFC_ISYM_PRESENT)
    {
      /* Array intrinsics must also have the last upper bound of an
         assumed size array argument.  UBOUND and SIZE have to be
         excluded from the check if the second argument is anything
         than a constant.  */
      int inquiry;
      inquiry = GENERIC_ID == GFC_ISYM_UBOUND
                  || GENERIC_ID == GFC_ISYM_SIZE;

      for (arg = expr->value.function.actual; arg; arg = arg->next)
        {
          if (inquiry && arg->next != NULL && arg->next->expr)
            {
              if (arg->next->expr->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
                break;

              if ((int)mpz_get_si (arg->next->expr->value.integer)
                        < arg->expr->rank)
                break;
            }

          if (arg->expr != NULL
              && arg->expr->rank > 0
              && resolve_assumed_size_actual (arg->expr))
            return FAILURE;
        }
    }
#undef GENERIC_ID

  need_full_assumed_size = temp;
  name = NULL;

  if (!pure_function (expr, &name) && name)
    {
      if (forall_flag)
        {
          gfc_error ("reference to non-PURE function '%s' at %L inside a "
                     "FORALL %s", name, &expr->where,
                     forall_flag == 2 ? "mask" : "block");
          t = FAILURE;
        }
      else if (gfc_pure (NULL))
        {
          gfc_error ("Function reference to '%s' at %L is to a non-PURE "
                     "procedure within a PURE procedure", name, &expr->where);
          t = FAILURE;
        }
    }

  /* Functions without the RECURSIVE attribution are not allowed to
   * call themselves.  */
  if (expr->value.function.esym && !expr->value.function.esym->attr.recursive)
    {
      gfc_symbol *esym, *proc;
      esym = expr->value.function.esym;
      proc = gfc_current_ns->proc_name;
      if (esym == proc)
      {
        gfc_error ("Function '%s' at %L cannot call itself, as it is not "
                   "RECURSIVE", name, &expr->where);
        t = FAILURE;
      }

      if (esym->attr.entry && esym->ns->entries && proc->ns->entries
          && esym->ns->entries->sym == proc->ns->entries->sym)
      {
        gfc_error ("Call to ENTRY '%s' at %L is recursive, but function "
                   "'%s' is not declared as RECURSIVE",
                   esym->name, &expr->where, esym->ns->entries->sym->name);
        t = FAILURE;
      }
    }

  /* Character lengths of use associated functions may contains references to
     symbols not referenced from the current program unit otherwise.  Make sure
     those symbols are marked as referenced.  */

  if (expr->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER && expr->value.function.esym
      && expr->value.function.esym->attr.use_assoc)
    {
      gfc_expr_set_symbols_referenced (expr->ts.cl->length);
    }

  if (t == SUCCESS)
    find_noncopying_intrinsics (expr->value.function.esym,
                                expr->value.function.actual);

  /* Make sure that the expression has a typespec that works.  */
  if (expr->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN)
    {
      if (expr->symtree->n.sym->result
            && expr->symtree->n.sym->result->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
        expr->ts = expr->symtree->n.sym->result->ts;
    }

  return t;
}


/************* Subroutine resolution *************/

static void
pure_subroutine (gfc_code *c, gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  if (gfc_pure (sym))
    return;

  if (forall_flag)
    gfc_error ("Subroutine call to '%s' in FORALL block at %L is not PURE",
               sym->name, &c->loc);
  else if (gfc_pure (NULL))
    gfc_error ("Subroutine call to '%s' at %L is not PURE", sym->name,
               &c->loc);
}


static match
resolve_generic_s0 (gfc_code *c, gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_symbol *s;

  if (sym->attr.generic)
    {
      s = gfc_search_interface (sym->generic, 1, &c->ext.actual);
      if (s != NULL)
        {
          c->resolved_sym = s;
          pure_subroutine (c, s);
          return MATCH_YES;
        }

      /* TODO: Need to search for elemental references in generic interface.  */
    }

  if (sym->attr.intrinsic)
    return gfc_intrinsic_sub_interface (c, 0);

  return MATCH_NO;
}


static try
resolve_generic_s (gfc_code *c)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  match m;

  sym = c->symtree->n.sym;

  for (;;)
    {
      m = resolve_generic_s0 (c, sym);
      if (m == MATCH_YES)
        return SUCCESS;
      else if (m == MATCH_ERROR)
        return FAILURE;

generic:
      if (sym->ns->parent == NULL)
        break;
      gfc_find_symbol (sym->name, sym->ns->parent, 1, &sym);

      if (sym == NULL)
        break;
      if (!generic_sym (sym))
        goto generic;
    }

  /* Last ditch attempt.  See if the reference is to an intrinsic
     that possesses a matching interface.  14.1.2.4  */
  sym = c->symtree->n.sym;

  if (!gfc_intrinsic_name (sym->name, 1))
    {
      gfc_error ("There is no specific subroutine for the generic '%s' at %L",
                 sym->name, &c->loc);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  m = gfc_intrinsic_sub_interface (c, 0);
  if (m == MATCH_YES)
    return SUCCESS;
  if (m == MATCH_NO)
    gfc_error ("Generic subroutine '%s' at %L is not consistent with an "
               "intrinsic subroutine interface", sym->name, &c->loc);

  return FAILURE;
}


/* Set the name and binding label of the subroutine symbol in the call
   expression represented by 'c' to include the type and kind of the
   second parameter.  This function is for resolving the appropriate
   version of c_f_pointer() and c_f_procpointer().  For example, a
   call to c_f_pointer() for a default integer pointer could have a
   name of c_f_pointer_i4.  If no second arg exists, which is an error
   for these two functions, it defaults to the generic symbol's name
   and binding label.  */

static void
set_name_and_label (gfc_code *c, gfc_symbol *sym,
                    char *name, char *binding_label)
{
  gfc_expr *arg = NULL;
  char type;
  int kind;

  /* The second arg of c_f_pointer and c_f_procpointer determines
     the type and kind for the procedure name.  */
  arg = c->ext.actual->next->expr;

  if (arg != NULL)
    {
      /* Set up the name to have the given symbol's name,
         plus the type and kind.  */
      /* a derived type is marked with the type letter 'u' */
      if (arg->ts.type == BT_DERIVED)
        {
          type = 'd';
          kind = 0; /* set the kind as 0 for now */
        }
      else
        {
          type = gfc_type_letter (arg->ts.type);
          kind = arg->ts.kind;
        }
      sprintf (name, "%s_%c%d", sym->name, type, kind);
      /* Set up the binding label as the given symbol's label plus
         the type and kind.  */
      sprintf (binding_label, "%s_%c%d", sym->binding_label, type, kind);
    }
  else
    {
      /* If the second arg is missing, set the name and label as
         was, cause it should at least be found, and the missing
         arg error will be caught by compare_parameters().  */
      sprintf (name, "%s", sym->name);
      sprintf (binding_label, "%s", sym->binding_label);
    }
   
  return;
}


/* Resolve a generic version of the iso_c_binding procedure given
   (sym) to the specific one based on the type and kind of the
   argument(s).  Currently, this function resolves c_f_pointer() and
   c_f_procpointer based on the type and kind of the second argument
   (FPTR).  Other iso_c_binding procedures aren't specially handled.
   Upon successfully exiting, c->resolved_sym will hold the resolved
   symbol.  Returns MATCH_ERROR if an error occurred; MATCH_YES
   otherwise.  */

match
gfc_iso_c_sub_interface (gfc_code *c, gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_symbol *new_sym;
  /* this is fine, since we know the names won't use the max */
  char name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];
  char binding_label[GFC_MAX_BINDING_LABEL_LEN + 1];
  /* default to success; will override if find error */
  match m = MATCH_YES;
  gfc_symbol *tmp_sym;

  if ((sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_F_POINTER) ||
      (sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_F_PROCPOINTER))
    {
      set_name_and_label (c, sym, name, binding_label);
      
      if (sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_F_POINTER)
        {
          if (c->ext.actual != NULL && c->ext.actual->next != NULL)
            {
              /* Make sure we got a third arg.  The type/rank of it will
                 be checked later if it's there (gfc_procedure_use()).  */
              if (c->ext.actual->next->expr->rank != 0 &&
                  c->ext.actual->next->next == NULL)
                {
                  m = MATCH_ERROR;
                  gfc_error ("Missing SHAPE parameter for call to %s "
                             "at %L", sym->name, &(c->loc));
                }
              /* Make sure the param is a POINTER.  No need to make sure
                 it does not have INTENT(IN) since it is a POINTER.  */
              tmp_sym = c->ext.actual->next->expr->symtree->n.sym;
              if (tmp_sym != NULL && tmp_sym->attr.pointer != 1)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Argument '%s' to '%s' at %L "
                             "must have the POINTER attribute",
                             tmp_sym->name, sym->name, &(c->loc));
                  m = MATCH_ERROR;
                }
            }
        }
      
      if (m != MATCH_ERROR)
        {
          /* the 1 means to add the optional arg to formal list */
          new_sym = get_iso_c_sym (sym, name, binding_label, 1);
         
          /* for error reporting, say it's declared where the original was */
          new_sym->declared_at = sym->declared_at;
        }
    }
  else if (sym->intmod_sym_id == ISOCBINDING_ASSOCIATED)
    {
      /* TODO: Figure out if this is even reacable; this part of the
         conditional may not be necessary.  */
      int num_args = 0;
      if (c->ext.actual->next == NULL)
        {
          /* The user did not give two args, so resolve to the version
             of c_associated expecting one arg.  */
          num_args = 1;
          /* get rid of the second arg */
          /* TODO!! Should free up the memory here!  */
          sym->formal->next = NULL;
        }
      else
        {
          num_args = 2;
        }

      new_sym = sym;
      sprintf (name, "%s_%d", sym->name, num_args);
      sprintf (binding_label, "%s_%d", sym->binding_label, num_args);
      sym->name = gfc_get_string (name);
      strcpy (sym->binding_label, binding_label);
    }
  else
    {
      /* no differences for c_loc or c_funloc */
      new_sym = sym;
    }

  /* set the resolved symbol */
  if (m != MATCH_ERROR)
    {
      gfc_procedure_use (new_sym, &c->ext.actual, &c->loc);
      c->resolved_sym = new_sym;
    }
  else
    c->resolved_sym = sym;
  
  return m;
}


/* Resolve a subroutine call known to be specific.  */

static match
resolve_specific_s0 (gfc_code *c, gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  match m;

  if(sym->attr.is_iso_c)
    {
      m = gfc_iso_c_sub_interface (c,sym);
      return m;
    }
  
  if (sym->attr.external || sym->attr.if_source == IFSRC_IFBODY)
    {
      if (sym->attr.dummy)
        {
          sym->attr.proc = PROC_DUMMY;
          goto found;
        }

      sym->attr.proc = PROC_EXTERNAL;
      goto found;
    }

  if (sym->attr.proc == PROC_MODULE || sym->attr.proc == PROC_INTERNAL)
    goto found;

  if (sym->attr.intrinsic)
    {
      m = gfc_intrinsic_sub_interface (c, 1);
      if (m == MATCH_YES)
        return MATCH_YES;
      if (m == MATCH_NO)
        gfc_error ("Subroutine '%s' at %L is INTRINSIC but is not compatible "
                   "with an intrinsic", sym->name, &c->loc);

      return MATCH_ERROR;
    }

  return MATCH_NO;

found:
  gfc_procedure_use (sym, &c->ext.actual, &c->loc);

  c->resolved_sym = sym;
  pure_subroutine (c, sym);

  return MATCH_YES;
}


static try
resolve_specific_s (gfc_code *c)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  match m;

  sym = c->symtree->n.sym;

  for (;;)
    {
      m = resolve_specific_s0 (c, sym);
      if (m == MATCH_YES)
        return SUCCESS;
      if (m == MATCH_ERROR)
        return FAILURE;

      if (sym->ns->parent == NULL)
        break;

      gfc_find_symbol (sym->name, sym->ns->parent, 1, &sym);

      if (sym == NULL)
        break;
    }

  sym = c->symtree->n.sym;
  gfc_error ("Unable to resolve the specific subroutine '%s' at %L",
             sym->name, &c->loc);

  return FAILURE;
}


/* Resolve a subroutine call not known to be generic nor specific.  */

static try
resolve_unknown_s (gfc_code *c)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;

  sym = c->symtree->n.sym;

  if (sym->attr.dummy)
    {
      sym->attr.proc = PROC_DUMMY;
      goto found;
    }

  /* See if we have an intrinsic function reference.  */

  if (gfc_intrinsic_name (sym->name, 1))
    {
      if (gfc_intrinsic_sub_interface (c, 1) == MATCH_YES)
        return SUCCESS;
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* The reference is to an external name.  */

found:
  gfc_procedure_use (sym, &c->ext.actual, &c->loc);

  c->resolved_sym = sym;

  pure_subroutine (c, sym);

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve a subroutine call.  Although it was tempting to use the same code
   for functions, subroutines and functions are stored differently and this
   makes things awkward.  */

static try
resolve_call (gfc_code *c)
{
  try t;
  procedure_type ptype = PROC_INTRINSIC;

  if (c->symtree && c->symtree->n.sym
      && c->symtree->n.sym->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
    {
      gfc_error ("'%s' at %L has a type, which is not consistent with "
                 "the CALL at %L", c->symtree->n.sym->name,
                 &c->symtree->n.sym->declared_at, &c->loc);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* If the procedure is not internal or module, it must be external and
     should be checked for usage.  */
  if (c->symtree && c->symtree->n.sym
      && !c->symtree->n.sym->attr.dummy
      && !c->symtree->n.sym->attr.contained
      && !c->symtree->n.sym->attr.use_assoc)
    resolve_global_procedure (c->symtree->n.sym, &c->loc, 1);

  /* Subroutines without the RECURSIVE attribution are not allowed to
   * call themselves.  */
  if (c->symtree && c->symtree->n.sym && !c->symtree->n.sym->attr.recursive)
    {
      gfc_symbol *csym, *proc;
      csym = c->symtree->n.sym;
      proc = gfc_current_ns->proc_name;
      if (csym == proc)
      {
        gfc_error ("SUBROUTINE '%s' at %L cannot call itself, as it is not "
                   "RECURSIVE", csym->name, &c->loc);
        t = FAILURE;
      }

      if (csym->attr.entry && csym->ns->entries && proc->ns->entries
          && csym->ns->entries->sym == proc->ns->entries->sym)
      {
        gfc_error ("Call to ENTRY '%s' at %L is recursive, but subroutine "
                   "'%s' is not declared as RECURSIVE",
                   csym->name, &c->loc, csym->ns->entries->sym->name);
        t = FAILURE;
      }
    }

  /* Switch off assumed size checking and do this again for certain kinds
     of procedure, once the procedure itself is resolved.  */
  need_full_assumed_size++;

  if (c->symtree && c->symtree->n.sym)
    ptype = c->symtree->n.sym->attr.proc;

  if (resolve_actual_arglist (c->ext.actual, ptype) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  /* Resume assumed_size checking.  */
  need_full_assumed_size--;

  t = SUCCESS;
  if (c->resolved_sym == NULL)
    switch (procedure_kind (c->symtree->n.sym))
      {
      case PTYPE_GENERIC:
        t = resolve_generic_s (c);
        break;

      case PTYPE_SPECIFIC:
        t = resolve_specific_s (c);
        break;

      case PTYPE_UNKNOWN:
        t = resolve_unknown_s (c);
        break;

      default:
        gfc_internal_error ("resolve_subroutine(): bad function type");
      }

  /* Some checks of elemental subroutine actual arguments.  */
  if (resolve_elemental_actual (NULL, c) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (t == SUCCESS)
    find_noncopying_intrinsics (c->resolved_sym, c->ext.actual);
  return t;
}


/* Compare the shapes of two arrays that have non-NULL shapes.  If both
   op1->shape and op2->shape are non-NULL return SUCCESS if their shapes
   match.  If both op1->shape and op2->shape are non-NULL return FAILURE
   if their shapes do not match.  If either op1->shape or op2->shape is
   NULL, return SUCCESS.  */

static try
compare_shapes (gfc_expr *op1, gfc_expr *op2)
{
  try t;
  int i;

  t = SUCCESS;

  if (op1->shape != NULL && op2->shape != NULL)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < op1->rank; i++)
        {
          if (mpz_cmp (op1->shape[i], op2->shape[i]) != 0)
           {
             gfc_error ("Shapes for operands at %L and %L are not conformable",
                         &op1->where, &op2->where);
             t = FAILURE;
             break;
           }
        }
    }

  return t;
}


/* Resolve an operator expression node.  This can involve replacing the
   operation with a user defined function call.  */

static try
resolve_operator (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_expr *op1, *op2;
  char msg[200];
  bool dual_locus_error;
  try t;

  /* Resolve all subnodes-- give them types.  */

  switch (e->value.op.operator)
    {
    default:
      if (gfc_resolve_expr (e->value.op.op2) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;

    /* Fall through...  */

    case INTRINSIC_NOT:
    case INTRINSIC_UPLUS:
    case INTRINSIC_UMINUS:
    case INTRINSIC_PARENTHESES:
      if (gfc_resolve_expr (e->value.op.op1) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;
      break;
    }

  /* Typecheck the new node.  */

  op1 = e->value.op.op1;
  op2 = e->value.op.op2;
  dual_locus_error = false;

  if ((op1 && op1->expr_type == EXPR_NULL)
      || (op2 && op2->expr_type == EXPR_NULL))
    {
      sprintf (msg, _("Invalid context for NULL() pointer at %%L"));
      goto bad_op;
    }

  switch (e->value.op.operator)
    {
    case INTRINSIC_UPLUS:
    case INTRINSIC_UMINUS:
      if (op1->ts.type == BT_INTEGER
          || op1->ts.type == BT_REAL
          || op1->ts.type == BT_COMPLEX)
        {
          e->ts = op1->ts;
          break;
        }

      sprintf (msg, _("Operand of unary numeric operator '%s' at %%L is %s"),
               gfc_op2string (e->value.op.operator), gfc_typename (&e->ts));
      goto bad_op;

    case INTRINSIC_PLUS:
    case INTRINSIC_MINUS:
    case INTRINSIC_TIMES:
    case INTRINSIC_DIVIDE:
    case INTRINSIC_POWER:
      if (gfc_numeric_ts (&op1->ts) && gfc_numeric_ts (&op2->ts))
        {
          gfc_type_convert_binary (e);
          break;
        }

      sprintf (msg,
               _("Operands of binary numeric operator '%s' at %%L are %s/%s"),
               gfc_op2string (e->value.op.operator), gfc_typename (&op1->ts),
               gfc_typename (&op2->ts));
      goto bad_op;

    case INTRINSIC_CONCAT:
      if (op1->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER && op2->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
        {
          e->ts.type = BT_CHARACTER;
          e->ts.kind = op1->ts.kind;
          break;
        }

      sprintf (msg,
               _("Operands of string concatenation operator at %%L are %s/%s"),
               gfc_typename (&op1->ts), gfc_typename (&op2->ts));
      goto bad_op;

    case INTRINSIC_AND:
    case INTRINSIC_OR:
    case INTRINSIC_EQV:
    case INTRINSIC_NEQV:
      if (op1->ts.type == BT_LOGICAL && op2->ts.type == BT_LOGICAL)
        {
          e->ts.type = BT_LOGICAL;
          e->ts.kind = gfc_kind_max (op1, op2);
          if (op1->ts.kind < e->ts.kind)
            gfc_convert_type (op1, &e->ts, 2);
          else if (op2->ts.kind < e->ts.kind)
            gfc_convert_type (op2, &e->ts, 2);
          break;
        }

      sprintf (msg, _("Operands of logical operator '%s' at %%L are %s/%s"),
               gfc_op2string (e->value.op.operator), gfc_typename (&op1->ts),
               gfc_typename (&op2->ts));

      goto bad_op;

    case INTRINSIC_NOT:
      if (op1->ts.type == BT_LOGICAL)
        {
          e->ts.type = BT_LOGICAL;
          e->ts.kind = op1->ts.kind;
          break;
        }

      sprintf (msg, _("Operand of .NOT. operator at %%L is %s"),
               gfc_typename (&op1->ts));
      goto bad_op;

    case INTRINSIC_GT:
    case INTRINSIC_GE:
    case INTRINSIC_LT:
    case INTRINSIC_LE:
      if (op1->ts.type == BT_COMPLEX || op2->ts.type == BT_COMPLEX)
        {
          strcpy (msg, _("COMPLEX quantities cannot be compared at %L"));
          goto bad_op;
        }

      /* Fall through...  */

    case INTRINSIC_EQ:
    case INTRINSIC_NE:
      if (op1->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER && op2->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
        {
          e->ts.type = BT_LOGICAL;
          e->ts.kind = gfc_default_logical_kind;
          break;
        }

      if (gfc_numeric_ts (&op1->ts) && gfc_numeric_ts (&op2->ts))
        {
          gfc_type_convert_binary (e);

          e->ts.type = BT_LOGICAL;
          e->ts.kind = gfc_default_logical_kind;
          break;
        }

      if (op1->ts.type == BT_LOGICAL && op2->ts.type == BT_LOGICAL)
        sprintf (msg,
                 _("Logicals at %%L must be compared with %s instead of %s"),
                 e->value.op.operator == INTRINSIC_EQ ? ".EQV." : ".NEQV.",
                 gfc_op2string (e->value.op.operator));
      else
        sprintf (msg,
                 _("Operands of comparison operator '%s' at %%L are %s/%s"),
                 gfc_op2string (e->value.op.operator), gfc_typename (&op1->ts),
                 gfc_typename (&op2->ts));

      goto bad_op;

    case INTRINSIC_USER:
      if (e->value.op.uop->operator == NULL)
        sprintf (msg, _("Unknown operator '%s' at %%L"), e->value.op.uop->name);
      else if (op2 == NULL)
        sprintf (msg, _("Operand of user operator '%s' at %%L is %s"),
                 e->value.op.uop->name, gfc_typename (&op1->ts));
      else
        sprintf (msg, _("Operands of user operator '%s' at %%L are %s/%s"),
                 e->value.op.uop->name, gfc_typename (&op1->ts),
                 gfc_typename (&op2->ts));

      goto bad_op;

    case INTRINSIC_PARENTHESES:
      break;

    default:
      gfc_internal_error ("resolve_operator(): Bad intrinsic");
    }

  /* Deal with arrayness of an operand through an operator.  */

  t = SUCCESS;

  switch (e->value.op.operator)
    {
    case INTRINSIC_PLUS:
    case INTRINSIC_MINUS:
    case INTRINSIC_TIMES:
    case INTRINSIC_DIVIDE:
    case INTRINSIC_POWER:
    case INTRINSIC_CONCAT:
    case INTRINSIC_AND:
    case INTRINSIC_OR:
    case INTRINSIC_EQV:
    case INTRINSIC_NEQV:
    case INTRINSIC_EQ:
    case INTRINSIC_NE:
    case INTRINSIC_GT:
    case INTRINSIC_GE:
    case INTRINSIC_LT:
    case INTRINSIC_LE:

      if (op1->rank == 0 && op2->rank == 0)
        e->rank = 0;

      if (op1->rank == 0 && op2->rank != 0)
        {
          e->rank = op2->rank;

          if (e->shape == NULL)
            e->shape = gfc_copy_shape (op2->shape, op2->rank);
        }

      if (op1->rank != 0 && op2->rank == 0)
        {
          e->rank = op1->rank;

          if (e->shape == NULL)
            e->shape = gfc_copy_shape (op1->shape, op1->rank);
        }

      if (op1->rank != 0 && op2->rank != 0)
        {
          if (op1->rank == op2->rank)
            {
              e->rank = op1->rank;
              if (e->shape == NULL)
                {
                  t = compare_shapes(op1, op2);
                  if (t == FAILURE)
                    e->shape = NULL;
                  else
                e->shape = gfc_copy_shape (op1->shape, op1->rank);
                }
            }
          else
            {
              /* Allow higher level expressions to work.  */
              e->rank = 0;

              /* Try user-defined operators, and otherwise throw an error.  */
              dual_locus_error = true;
              sprintf (msg,
                       _("Inconsistent ranks for operator at %%L and %%L"));
              goto bad_op;
            }
        }

      break;

    case INTRINSIC_NOT:
    case INTRINSIC_UPLUS:
    case INTRINSIC_UMINUS:
    case INTRINSIC_PARENTHESES:
      e->rank = op1->rank;

      if (e->shape == NULL)
        e->shape = gfc_copy_shape (op1->shape, op1->rank);

      /* Simply copy arrayness attribute */
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  /* Attempt to simplify the expression.  */
  if (t == SUCCESS)
    {
      t = gfc_simplify_expr (e, 0);
      /* Some calls do not succeed in simplification and return FAILURE
         even though there is no error; eg. variable references to
         PARAMETER arrays.  */
      if (!gfc_is_constant_expr (e))
        t = SUCCESS;
    }
  return t;

bad_op:

  if (gfc_extend_expr (e) == SUCCESS)
    return SUCCESS;

  if (dual_locus_error)
    gfc_error (msg, &op1->where, &op2->where);
  else
    gfc_error (msg, &e->where);

  return FAILURE;
}


/************** Array resolution subroutines **************/

typedef enum
{ CMP_LT, CMP_EQ, CMP_GT, CMP_UNKNOWN }
comparison;

/* Compare two integer expressions.  */

static comparison
compare_bound (gfc_expr *a, gfc_expr *b)
{
  int i;

  if (a == NULL || a->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT
      || b == NULL || b->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
    return CMP_UNKNOWN;

  if (a->ts.type != BT_INTEGER || b->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
    gfc_internal_error ("compare_bound(): Bad expression");

  i = mpz_cmp (a->value.integer, b->value.integer);

  if (i < 0)
    return CMP_LT;
  if (i > 0)
    return CMP_GT;
  return CMP_EQ;
}


/* Compare an integer expression with an integer.  */

static comparison
compare_bound_int (gfc_expr *a, int b)
{
  int i;

  if (a == NULL || a->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
    return CMP_UNKNOWN;

  if (a->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
    gfc_internal_error ("compare_bound_int(): Bad expression");

  i = mpz_cmp_si (a->value.integer, b);

  if (i < 0)
    return CMP_LT;
  if (i > 0)
    return CMP_GT;
  return CMP_EQ;
}


/* Compare an integer expression with a mpz_t.  */

static comparison
compare_bound_mpz_t (gfc_expr *a, mpz_t b)
{
  int i;

  if (a == NULL || a->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
    return CMP_UNKNOWN;

  if (a->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
    gfc_internal_error ("compare_bound_int(): Bad expression");

  i = mpz_cmp (a->value.integer, b);

  if (i < 0)
    return CMP_LT;
  if (i > 0)
    return CMP_GT;
  return CMP_EQ;
}


/* Compute the last value of a sequence given by a triplet.  
   Return 0 if it wasn't able to compute the last value, or if the
   sequence if empty, and 1 otherwise.  */

static int
compute_last_value_for_triplet (gfc_expr *start, gfc_expr *end,
                                gfc_expr *stride, mpz_t last)
{
  mpz_t rem;

  if (start == NULL || start->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT
      || end == NULL || end->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT
      || (stride != NULL && stride->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT))
    return 0;

  if (start->ts.type != BT_INTEGER || end->ts.type != BT_INTEGER
      || (stride != NULL && stride->ts.type != BT_INTEGER))
    return 0;

  if (stride == NULL || compare_bound_int(stride, 1) == CMP_EQ)
    {
      if (compare_bound (start, end) == CMP_GT)
        return 0;
      mpz_set (last, end->value.integer);
      return 1;
    }

  if (compare_bound_int (stride, 0) == CMP_GT)
    {
      /* Stride is positive */
      if (mpz_cmp (start->value.integer, end->value.integer) > 0)
        return 0;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Stride is negative */
      if (mpz_cmp (start->value.integer, end->value.integer) < 0)
        return 0;
    }

  mpz_init (rem);
  mpz_sub (rem, end->value.integer, start->value.integer);
  mpz_tdiv_r (rem, rem, stride->value.integer);
  mpz_sub (last, end->value.integer, rem);
  mpz_clear (rem);

  return 1;
}


/* Compare a single dimension of an array reference to the array
   specification.  */

static try
check_dimension (int i, gfc_array_ref *ar, gfc_array_spec *as)
{
  mpz_t last_value;

/* Given start, end and stride values, calculate the minimum and
   maximum referenced indexes.  */

  switch (ar->type)
    {
    case AR_FULL:
      break;

    case AR_ELEMENT:
      if (compare_bound (ar->start[i], as->lower[i]) == CMP_LT)
        goto bound;
      if (compare_bound (ar->start[i], as->upper[i]) == CMP_GT)
        goto bound;

      break;

    case AR_SECTION:
      {
#define AR_START (ar->start[i] ? ar->start[i] : as->lower[i])
#define AR_END (ar->end[i] ? ar->end[i] : as->upper[i])

        comparison comp_start_end = compare_bound (AR_START, AR_END);

        /* Check for zero stride, which is not allowed.  */
        if (compare_bound_int (ar->stride[i], 0) == CMP_EQ)
          {
            gfc_error ("Illegal stride of zero at %L", &ar->c_where[i]);
            return FAILURE;
          }

        /* if start == len || (stride > 0 && start < len)
                           || (stride < 0 && start > len),
           then the array section contains at least one element.  In this
           case, there is an out-of-bounds access if
           (start < lower || start > upper).  */
        if (compare_bound (AR_START, AR_END) == CMP_EQ
            || ((compare_bound_int (ar->stride[i], 0) == CMP_GT
                 || ar->stride[i] == NULL) && comp_start_end == CMP_LT)
            || (compare_bound_int (ar->stride[i], 0) == CMP_LT
                && comp_start_end == CMP_GT))
          {
            if (compare_bound (AR_START, as->lower[i]) == CMP_LT
                || compare_bound (AR_START, as->upper[i]) == CMP_GT)
              goto bound;
          }

        /* If we can compute the highest index of the array section,
           then it also has to be between lower and upper.  */
        mpz_init (last_value);
        if (compute_last_value_for_triplet (AR_START, AR_END, ar->stride[i],
                                            last_value))
          {
            if (compare_bound_mpz_t (as->lower[i], last_value) == CMP_GT
                || compare_bound_mpz_t (as->upper[i], last_value) == CMP_LT)
              {
                mpz_clear (last_value);
                goto bound;
              }
          }
        mpz_clear (last_value);

#undef AR_START
#undef AR_END
      }
      break;

    default:
      gfc_internal_error ("check_dimension(): Bad array reference");
    }

  return SUCCESS;

bound:
  gfc_warning ("Array reference at %L is out of bounds", &ar->c_where[i]);
  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Compare an array reference with an array specification.  */

static try
compare_spec_to_ref (gfc_array_ref *ar)
{
  gfc_array_spec *as;
  int i;

  as = ar->as;
  i = as->rank - 1;
  /* TODO: Full array sections are only allowed as actual parameters.  */
  if (as->type == AS_ASSUMED_SIZE
      && (/*ar->type == AR_FULL
          ||*/ (ar->type == AR_SECTION
              && ar->dimen_type[i] == DIMEN_RANGE && ar->end[i] == NULL)))
    {
      gfc_error ("Rightmost upper bound of assumed size array section "
                 "not specified at %L", &ar->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  if (ar->type == AR_FULL)
    return SUCCESS;

  if (as->rank != ar->dimen)
    {
      gfc_error ("Rank mismatch in array reference at %L (%d/%d)",
                 &ar->where, ar->dimen, as->rank);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  for (i = 0; i < as->rank; i++)
    if (check_dimension (i, ar, as) == FAILURE)
      return FAILURE;

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve one part of an array index.  */

try
gfc_resolve_index (gfc_expr *index, int check_scalar)
{
  gfc_typespec ts;

  if (index == NULL)
    return SUCCESS;

  if (gfc_resolve_expr (index) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (check_scalar && index->rank != 0)
    {
      gfc_error ("Array index at %L must be scalar", &index->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  if (index->ts.type != BT_INTEGER && index->ts.type != BT_REAL)
    {
      gfc_error ("Array index at %L must be of INTEGER type",
                 &index->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  if (index->ts.type == BT_REAL)
    if (gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_LEGACY, "Extension: REAL array index at %L",
                        &index->where) == FAILURE)
      return FAILURE;

  if (index->ts.kind != gfc_index_integer_kind
      || index->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
    {
      gfc_clear_ts (&ts);
      ts.type = BT_INTEGER;
      ts.kind = gfc_index_integer_kind;

      gfc_convert_type_warn (index, &ts, 2, 0);
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}

/* Resolve a dim argument to an intrinsic function.  */

try
gfc_resolve_dim_arg (gfc_expr *dim)
{
  if (dim == NULL)
    return SUCCESS;

  if (gfc_resolve_expr (dim) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (dim->rank != 0)
    {
      gfc_error ("Argument dim at %L must be scalar", &dim->where);
      return FAILURE;

    }
  if (dim->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
    {
      gfc_error ("Argument dim at %L must be of INTEGER type", &dim->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }
  if (dim->ts.kind != gfc_index_integer_kind)
    {
      gfc_typespec ts;

      ts.type = BT_INTEGER;
      ts.kind = gfc_index_integer_kind;

      gfc_convert_type_warn (dim, &ts, 2, 0);
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}

/* Given an expression that contains array references, update those array
   references to point to the right array specifications.  While this is
   filled in during matching, this information is difficult to save and load
   in a module, so we take care of it here.

   The idea here is that the original array reference comes from the
   base symbol.  We traverse the list of reference structures, setting
   the stored reference to references.  Component references can
   provide an additional array specification.  */

static void
find_array_spec (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_array_spec *as;
  gfc_component *c;
  gfc_symbol *derived;
  gfc_ref *ref;

  as = e->symtree->n.sym->as;
  derived = NULL;

  for (ref = e->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    switch (ref->type)
      {
      case REF_ARRAY:
        if (as == NULL)
          gfc_internal_error ("find_array_spec(): Missing spec");

        ref->u.ar.as = as;
        as = NULL;
        break;

      case REF_COMPONENT:
        if (derived == NULL)
          derived = e->symtree->n.sym->ts.derived;

        c = derived->components;

        for (; c; c = c->next)
          if (c == ref->u.c.component)
            {
              /* Track the sequence of component references.  */
              if (c->ts.type == BT_DERIVED)
                derived = c->ts.derived;
              break;
            }

        if (c == NULL)
          gfc_internal_error ("find_array_spec(): Component not found");

        if (c->dimension)
          {
            if (as != NULL)
              gfc_internal_error ("find_array_spec(): unused as(1)");
            as = c->as;
          }

        break;

      case REF_SUBSTRING:
        break;
      }

  if (as != NULL)
    gfc_internal_error ("find_array_spec(): unused as(2)");
}


/* Resolve an array reference.  */

static try
resolve_array_ref (gfc_array_ref *ar)
{
  int i, check_scalar;
  gfc_expr *e;

  for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
    {
      check_scalar = ar->dimen_type[i] == DIMEN_RANGE;

      if (gfc_resolve_index (ar->start[i], check_scalar) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;
      if (gfc_resolve_index (ar->end[i], check_scalar) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;
      if (gfc_resolve_index (ar->stride[i], check_scalar) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;

      e = ar->start[i];

      if (ar->dimen_type[i] == DIMEN_UNKNOWN)
        switch (e->rank)
          {
          case 0:
            ar->dimen_type[i] = DIMEN_ELEMENT;
            break;

          case 1:
            ar->dimen_type[i] = DIMEN_VECTOR;
            if (e->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE
                && e->symtree->n.sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED)
              ar->start[i] = gfc_get_parentheses (e);
            break;

          default:
            gfc_error ("Array index at %L is an array of rank %d",
                       &ar->c_where[i], e->rank);
            return FAILURE;
          }
    }

  /* If the reference type is unknown, figure out what kind it is.  */

  if (ar->type == AR_UNKNOWN)
    {
      ar->type = AR_ELEMENT;
      for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
        if (ar->dimen_type[i] == DIMEN_RANGE
            || ar->dimen_type[i] == DIMEN_VECTOR)
          {
            ar->type = AR_SECTION;
            break;
          }
    }

  if (!ar->as->cray_pointee && compare_spec_to_ref (ar) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  return SUCCESS;
}


static try
resolve_substring (gfc_ref *ref)
{
  if (ref->u.ss.start != NULL)
    {
      if (gfc_resolve_expr (ref->u.ss.start) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;

      if (ref->u.ss.start->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
        {
          gfc_error ("Substring start index at %L must be of type INTEGER",
                     &ref->u.ss.start->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (ref->u.ss.start->rank != 0)
        {
          gfc_error ("Substring start index at %L must be scalar",
                     &ref->u.ss.start->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (compare_bound_int (ref->u.ss.start, 1) == CMP_LT
          && (compare_bound (ref->u.ss.end, ref->u.ss.start) == CMP_EQ
              || compare_bound (ref->u.ss.end, ref->u.ss.start) == CMP_GT))
        {
          gfc_error ("Substring start index at %L is less than one",
                     &ref->u.ss.start->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  if (ref->u.ss.end != NULL)
    {
      if (gfc_resolve_expr (ref->u.ss.end) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;

      if (ref->u.ss.end->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
        {
          gfc_error ("Substring end index at %L must be of type INTEGER",
                     &ref->u.ss.end->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (ref->u.ss.end->rank != 0)
        {
          gfc_error ("Substring end index at %L must be scalar",
                     &ref->u.ss.end->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (ref->u.ss.length != NULL
          && compare_bound (ref->u.ss.end, ref->u.ss.length->length) == CMP_GT
          && (compare_bound (ref->u.ss.end, ref->u.ss.start) == CMP_EQ
              || compare_bound (ref->u.ss.end, ref->u.ss.start) == CMP_GT))
        {
          gfc_error ("Substring end index at %L exceeds the string length",
                     &ref->u.ss.start->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve subtype references.  */

static try
resolve_ref (gfc_expr *expr)
{
  int current_part_dimension, n_components, seen_part_dimension;
  gfc_ref *ref;

  for (ref = expr->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    if (ref->type == REF_ARRAY && ref->u.ar.as == NULL)
      {
        find_array_spec (expr);
        break;
      }

  for (ref = expr->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    switch (ref->type)
      {
      case REF_ARRAY:
        if (resolve_array_ref (&ref->u.ar) == FAILURE)
          return FAILURE;
        break;

      case REF_COMPONENT:
        break;

      case REF_SUBSTRING:
        resolve_substring (ref);
        break;
      }

  /* Check constraints on part references.  */

  current_part_dimension = 0;
  seen_part_dimension = 0;
  n_components = 0;

  for (ref = expr->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    {
      switch (ref->type)
        {
        case REF_ARRAY:
          switch (ref->u.ar.type)
            {
            case AR_FULL:
            case AR_SECTION:
              current_part_dimension = 1;
              break;

            case AR_ELEMENT:
              current_part_dimension = 0;
              break;

            case AR_UNKNOWN:
              gfc_internal_error ("resolve_ref(): Bad array reference");
            }

          break;

        case REF_COMPONENT:
          if (current_part_dimension || seen_part_dimension)
            {
              if (ref->u.c.component->pointer)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Component to the right of a part reference "
                             "with nonzero rank must not have the POINTER "
                             "attribute at %L", &expr->where);
                  return FAILURE;
                }
              else if (ref->u.c.component->allocatable)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Component to the right of a part reference "
                             "with nonzero rank must not have the ALLOCATABLE "
                             "attribute at %L", &expr->where);
                  return FAILURE;
                }
            }

          n_components++;
          break;

        case REF_SUBSTRING:
          break;
        }

      if (((ref->type == REF_COMPONENT && n_components > 1)
           || ref->next == NULL)
          && current_part_dimension
          && seen_part_dimension)
        {
          gfc_error ("Two or more part references with nonzero rank must "
                     "not be specified at %L", &expr->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (ref->type == REF_COMPONENT)
        {
          if (current_part_dimension)
            seen_part_dimension = 1;

          /* reset to make sure */
          current_part_dimension = 0;
        }
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Given an expression, determine its shape.  This is easier than it sounds.
   Leaves the shape array NULL if it is not possible to determine the shape.  */

static void
expression_shape (gfc_expr *e)
{
  mpz_t array[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
  int i;

  if (e->rank == 0 || e->shape != NULL)
    return;

  for (i = 0; i < e->rank; i++)
    if (gfc_array_dimen_size (e, i, &array[i]) == FAILURE)
      goto fail;

  e->shape = gfc_get_shape (e->rank);

  memcpy (e->shape, array, e->rank * sizeof (mpz_t));

  return;

fail:
  for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
    mpz_clear (array[i]);
}


/* Given a variable expression node, compute the rank of the expression by
   examining the base symbol and any reference structures it may have.  */

static void
expression_rank (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_ref *ref;
  int i, rank;

  if (e->ref == NULL)
    {
      if (e->expr_type == EXPR_ARRAY)
        goto done;
      /* Constructors can have a rank different from one via RESHAPE().  */

      if (e->symtree == NULL)
        {
          e->rank = 0;
          goto done;
        }

      e->rank = (e->symtree->n.sym->as == NULL)
                ? 0 : e->symtree->n.sym->as->rank;
      goto done;
    }

  rank = 0;

  for (ref = e->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    {
      if (ref->type != REF_ARRAY)
        continue;

      if (ref->u.ar.type == AR_FULL)
        {
          rank = ref->u.ar.as->rank;
          break;
        }

      if (ref->u.ar.type == AR_SECTION)
        {
          /* Figure out the rank of the section.  */
          if (rank != 0)
            gfc_internal_error ("expression_rank(): Two array specs");

          for (i = 0; i < ref->u.ar.dimen; i++)
            if (ref->u.ar.dimen_type[i] == DIMEN_RANGE
                || ref->u.ar.dimen_type[i] == DIMEN_VECTOR)
              rank++;

          break;
        }
    }

  e->rank = rank;

done:
  expression_shape (e);
}


/* Resolve a variable expression.  */

static try
resolve_variable (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  try t;

  t = SUCCESS;

  if (e->symtree == NULL)
    return FAILURE;

  if (e->ref && resolve_ref (e) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  sym = e->symtree->n.sym;
  if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE && !sym->attr.function)
    {
      e->ts.type = BT_PROCEDURE;
      return SUCCESS;
    }

  if (sym->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
    gfc_variable_attr (e, &e->ts);
  else
    {
      /* Must be a simple variable reference.  */
      if (gfc_set_default_type (sym, 1, sym->ns) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;
      e->ts = sym->ts;
    }

  if (check_assumed_size_reference (sym, e))
    return FAILURE;

  /* Deal with forward references to entries during resolve_code, to
     satisfy, at least partially, 12.5.2.5.  */
  if (gfc_current_ns->entries
      && current_entry_id == sym->entry_id
      && cs_base
      && cs_base->current
      && cs_base->current->op != EXEC_ENTRY)
    {
      gfc_entry_list *entry;
      gfc_formal_arglist *formal;
      int n;
      bool seen;

      /* If the symbol is a dummy...  */
      if (sym->attr.dummy)
        {
          entry = gfc_current_ns->entries;
          seen = false;

          /* ...test if the symbol is a parameter of previous entries.  */
          for (; entry && entry->id <= current_entry_id; entry = entry->next)
            for (formal = entry->sym->formal; formal; formal = formal->next)
              {
                if (formal->sym && sym->name == formal->sym->name)
                  seen = true;
              }

          /*  If it has not been seen as a dummy, this is an error.  */
          if (!seen)
            {
              if (specification_expr)
                gfc_error ("Variable '%s',used in a specification expression, "
                           "is referenced at %L before the ENTRY statement "
                           "in which it is a parameter",
                           sym->name, &cs_base->current->loc);
              else
                gfc_error ("Variable '%s' is used at %L before the ENTRY "
                           "statement in which it is a parameter",
                           sym->name, &cs_base->current->loc);
              t = FAILURE;
            }
        }

      /* Now do the same check on the specification expressions.  */
      specification_expr = 1;
      if (sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER
          && gfc_resolve_expr (sym->ts.cl->length) == FAILURE)
        t = FAILURE;

      if (sym->as)
        for (n = 0; n < sym->as->rank; n++)
          {
             specification_expr = 1;
             if (gfc_resolve_expr (sym->as->lower[n]) == FAILURE)
               t = FAILURE;
             specification_expr = 1;
             if (gfc_resolve_expr (sym->as->upper[n]) == FAILURE)
               t = FAILURE;
          }
      specification_expr = 0;

      if (t == SUCCESS)
        /* Update the symbol's entry level.  */
        sym->entry_id = current_entry_id + 1;
    }

  return t;
}


/* Checks to see that the correct symbol has been host associated.
   The only situation where this arises is that in which a twice
   contained function is parsed after the host association is made.
   Therefore, on detecting this, the line is rematched, having got
   rid of the existing references and actual_arg_list.  */
static bool
check_host_association (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym, *old_sym;
  locus temp_locus;
  gfc_expr *expr;
  int n;
  bool retval = e->expr_type == EXPR_FUNCTION;

  if (e->symtree == NULL || e->symtree->n.sym == NULL)
    return retval;

  old_sym = e->symtree->n.sym;

  if (old_sym->attr.use_assoc)
    return retval;

  if (gfc_current_ns->parent
        && gfc_current_ns->parent->parent
        && old_sym->ns != gfc_current_ns)
    {
      gfc_find_symbol (old_sym->name, gfc_current_ns->parent, 1, &sym);
      if (sym && old_sym != sym && sym->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE)
        {
          temp_locus = gfc_current_locus;
          gfc_current_locus = e->where;

          gfc_buffer_error (1);

          gfc_free_ref_list (e->ref);
          e->ref = NULL;

          if (retval)
            {
              gfc_free_actual_arglist (e->value.function.actual);
              e->value.function.actual = NULL;
            }

          if (e->shape != NULL)
            {
              for (n = 0; n < e->rank; n++)
                mpz_clear (e->shape[n]);

              gfc_free (e->shape);
            }

          gfc_match_rvalue (&expr);
          gfc_clear_error ();
          gfc_buffer_error (0);

          gcc_assert (expr && sym == expr->symtree->n.sym);

          *e = *expr;
          gfc_free (expr);
          sym->refs++;

          gfc_current_locus = temp_locus;
        }
    }
  /* This might have changed!  */
  return e->expr_type == EXPR_FUNCTION;
}


/* Resolve an expression.  That is, make sure that types of operands agree
   with their operators, intrinsic operators are converted to function calls
   for overloaded types and unresolved function references are resolved.  */

try
gfc_resolve_expr (gfc_expr *e)
{
  try t;

  if (e == NULL)
    return SUCCESS;

  switch (e->expr_type)
    {
    case EXPR_OP:
      t = resolve_operator (e);
      break;

    case EXPR_FUNCTION:
    case EXPR_VARIABLE:

      if (check_host_association (e))
        t = resolve_function (e);
      else
        {
          t = resolve_variable (e);
          if (t == SUCCESS)
            expression_rank (e);
        }
      break;

    case EXPR_SUBSTRING:
      t = resolve_ref (e);
      break;

    case EXPR_CONSTANT:
    case EXPR_NULL:
      t = SUCCESS;
      break;

    case EXPR_ARRAY:
      t = FAILURE;
      if (resolve_ref (e) == FAILURE)
        break;

      t = gfc_resolve_array_constructor (e);
      /* Also try to expand a constructor.  */
      if (t == SUCCESS)
        {
          expression_rank (e);
          gfc_expand_constructor (e);
        }

      /* This provides the opportunity for the length of constructors with
         character valued function elements to propagate the string length
         to the expression.  */
      if (e->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
        gfc_resolve_character_array_constructor (e);

      break;

    case EXPR_STRUCTURE:
      t = resolve_ref (e);
      if (t == FAILURE)
        break;

      t = resolve_structure_cons (e);
      if (t == FAILURE)
        break;

      t = gfc_simplify_expr (e, 0);
      break;

    default:
      gfc_internal_error ("gfc_resolve_expr(): Bad expression type");
    }

  return t;
}


/* Resolve an expression from an iterator.  They must be scalar and have
   INTEGER or (optionally) REAL type.  */

static try
gfc_resolve_iterator_expr (gfc_expr *expr, bool real_ok,
                           const char *name_msgid)
{
  if (gfc_resolve_expr (expr) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (expr->rank != 0)
    {
      gfc_error ("%s at %L must be a scalar", _(name_msgid), &expr->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  if (expr->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
    {
      if (expr->ts.type == BT_REAL)
        {
          if (real_ok)
            return gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F95_DEL,
                                   "Deleted feature: %s at %L must be integer",
                                   _(name_msgid), &expr->where);
          else
            {
              gfc_error ("%s at %L must be INTEGER", _(name_msgid),
                         &expr->where);
              return FAILURE;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          gfc_error ("%s at %L must be INTEGER", _(name_msgid), &expr->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }
  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve the expressions in an iterator structure.  If REAL_OK is
   false allow only INTEGER type iterators, otherwise allow REAL types.  */

try
gfc_resolve_iterator (gfc_iterator *iter, bool real_ok)
{
  if (gfc_resolve_iterator_expr (iter->var, real_ok, "Loop variable")
      == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (gfc_pure (NULL) && gfc_impure_variable (iter->var->symtree->n.sym))
    {
      gfc_error ("Cannot assign to loop variable in PURE procedure at %L",
                 &iter->var->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  if (gfc_resolve_iterator_expr (iter->start, real_ok,
                                 "Start expression in DO loop") == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (gfc_resolve_iterator_expr (iter->end, real_ok,
                                 "End expression in DO loop") == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (gfc_resolve_iterator_expr (iter->step, real_ok,
                                 "Step expression in DO loop") == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (iter->step->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT)
    {
      if ((iter->step->ts.type == BT_INTEGER
           && mpz_cmp_ui (iter->step->value.integer, 0) == 0)
          || (iter->step->ts.type == BT_REAL
              && mpfr_sgn (iter->step->value.real) == 0))
        {
          gfc_error ("Step expression in DO loop at %L cannot be zero",
                     &iter->step->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  /* Convert start, end, and step to the same type as var.  */
  if (iter->start->ts.kind != iter->var->ts.kind
      || iter->start->ts.type != iter->var->ts.type)
    gfc_convert_type (iter->start, &iter->var->ts, 2);

  if (iter->end->ts.kind != iter->var->ts.kind
      || iter->end->ts.type != iter->var->ts.type)
    gfc_convert_type (iter->end, &iter->var->ts, 2);

  if (iter->step->ts.kind != iter->var->ts.kind
      || iter->step->ts.type != iter->var->ts.type)
    gfc_convert_type (iter->step, &iter->var->ts, 2);

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve a list of FORALL iterators.  The FORALL index-name is constrained
   to be a scalar INTEGER variable.  The subscripts and stride are scalar
   INTEGERs, and if stride is a constant it must be nonzero.  */

static void
resolve_forall_iterators (gfc_forall_iterator *iter)
{
  while (iter)
    {
      if (gfc_resolve_expr (iter->var) == SUCCESS
          && (iter->var->ts.type != BT_INTEGER || iter->var->rank != 0))
        gfc_error ("FORALL index-name at %L must be a scalar INTEGER",
                   &iter->var->where);

      if (gfc_resolve_expr (iter->start) == SUCCESS
          && (iter->start->ts.type != BT_INTEGER || iter->start->rank != 0))
        gfc_error ("FORALL start expression at %L must be a scalar INTEGER",
                   &iter->start->where);
      if (iter->var->ts.kind != iter->start->ts.kind)
        gfc_convert_type (iter->start, &iter->var->ts, 2);

      if (gfc_resolve_expr (iter->end) == SUCCESS
          && (iter->end->ts.type != BT_INTEGER || iter->end->rank != 0))
        gfc_error ("FORALL end expression at %L must be a scalar INTEGER",
                   &iter->end->where);
      if (iter->var->ts.kind != iter->end->ts.kind)
        gfc_convert_type (iter->end, &iter->var->ts, 2);

      if (gfc_resolve_expr (iter->stride) == SUCCESS)
        {
          if (iter->stride->ts.type != BT_INTEGER || iter->stride->rank != 0)
            gfc_error ("FORALL stride expression at %L must be a scalar %s",
                       &iter->stride->where, "INTEGER");

          if (iter->stride->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT
              && mpz_cmp_ui(iter->stride->value.integer, 0) == 0)
            gfc_error ("FORALL stride expression at %L cannot be zero",
                       &iter->stride->where);
        }
      if (iter->var->ts.kind != iter->stride->ts.kind)
        gfc_convert_type (iter->stride, &iter->var->ts, 2);

      iter = iter->next;
    }
}


/* Given a pointer to a symbol that is a derived type, see if any components
   have the POINTER attribute.  The search is recursive if necessary.
   Returns zero if no pointer components are found, nonzero otherwise.  */

static int
derived_pointer (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_component *c;

  for (c = sym->components; c; c = c->next)
    {
      if (c->pointer)
        return 1;

      if (c->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && derived_pointer (c->ts.derived))
        return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}


/* Given a pointer to a symbol that is a derived type, see if it's
   inaccessible, i.e. if it's defined in another module and the components are
   PRIVATE.  The search is recursive if necessary.  Returns zero if no
   inaccessible components are found, nonzero otherwise.  */

static int
derived_inaccessible (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_component *c;

  if (sym->attr.use_assoc && sym->component_access == ACCESS_PRIVATE)
    return 1;

  for (c = sym->components; c; c = c->next)
    {
        if (c->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && derived_inaccessible (c->ts.derived))
          return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}


/* Resolve the argument of a deallocate expression.  The expression must be
   a pointer or a full array.  */

static try
resolve_deallocate_expr (gfc_expr *e)
{
  symbol_attribute attr;
  int allocatable, pointer, check_intent_in;
  gfc_ref *ref;

  /* Check INTENT(IN), unless the object is a sub-component of a pointer.  */
  check_intent_in = 1;

  if (gfc_resolve_expr (e) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (e->expr_type != EXPR_VARIABLE)
    goto bad;

  allocatable = e->symtree->n.sym->attr.allocatable;
  pointer = e->symtree->n.sym->attr.pointer;
  for (ref = e->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    {
      if (pointer)
        check_intent_in = 0;

      switch (ref->type)
        {
        case REF_ARRAY:
          if (ref->u.ar.type != AR_FULL)
            allocatable = 0;
          break;

        case REF_COMPONENT:
          allocatable = (ref->u.c.component->as != NULL
                         && ref->u.c.component->as->type == AS_DEFERRED);
          pointer = ref->u.c.component->pointer;
          break;

        case REF_SUBSTRING:
          allocatable = 0;
          break;
        }
    }

  attr = gfc_expr_attr (e);

  if (allocatable == 0 && attr.pointer == 0)
    {
    bad:
      gfc_error ("Expression in DEALLOCATE statement at %L must be "
                 "ALLOCATABLE or a POINTER", &e->where);
    }

  if (check_intent_in
      && e->symtree->n.sym->attr.intent == INTENT_IN)
    {
      gfc_error ("Cannot deallocate INTENT(IN) variable '%s' at %L",
                 e->symtree->n.sym->name, &e->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Returns true if the expression e contains a reference the symbol sym.  */
static bool
find_sym_in_expr (gfc_symbol *sym, gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_actual_arglist *arg;
  gfc_ref *ref;
  int i;
  bool rv = false;

  if (e == NULL)
    return rv;

  switch (e->expr_type)
    {
    case EXPR_FUNCTION:
      for (arg = e->value.function.actual; arg; arg = arg->next)
        rv = rv || find_sym_in_expr (sym, arg->expr);
      break;

    /* If the variable is not the same as the dependent, 'sym', and
       it is not marked as being declared and it is in the same
       namespace as 'sym', add it to the local declarations.  */
    case EXPR_VARIABLE:
      if (sym == e->symtree->n.sym)
        return true;
      break;

    case EXPR_OP:
      rv = rv || find_sym_in_expr (sym, e->value.op.op1);
      rv = rv || find_sym_in_expr (sym, e->value.op.op2);
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  if (e->ref)
    {
      for (ref = e->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
        {
          switch (ref->type)
            {
            case REF_ARRAY:
              for (i = 0; i < ref->u.ar.dimen; i++)
                {
                  rv = rv || find_sym_in_expr (sym, ref->u.ar.start[i]);
                  rv = rv || find_sym_in_expr (sym, ref->u.ar.end[i]);
                  rv = rv || find_sym_in_expr (sym, ref->u.ar.stride[i]);
                }
              break;

            case REF_SUBSTRING:
              rv = rv || find_sym_in_expr (sym, ref->u.ss.start);
              rv = rv || find_sym_in_expr (sym, ref->u.ss.end);
              break;

            case REF_COMPONENT:
              if (ref->u.c.component->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER
                  && ref->u.c.component->ts.cl->length->expr_type
                     != EXPR_CONSTANT)
                rv = rv
                     || find_sym_in_expr (sym,
                                          ref->u.c.component->ts.cl->length);

              if (ref->u.c.component->as)
                for (i = 0; i < ref->u.c.component->as->rank; i++)
                  {
                    rv = rv
                         || find_sym_in_expr (sym,
                                              ref->u.c.component->as->lower[i]);
                    rv = rv
                         || find_sym_in_expr (sym,
                                              ref->u.c.component->as->upper[i]);
                  }
              break;
            }
        }
    }
  return rv;
}


/* Given the expression node e for an allocatable/pointer of derived type to be
   allocated, get the expression node to be initialized afterwards (needed for
   derived types with default initializers, and derived types with allocatable
   components that need nullification.)  */

static gfc_expr *
expr_to_initialize (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_expr *result;
  gfc_ref *ref;
  int i;

  result = gfc_copy_expr (e);

  /* Change the last array reference from AR_ELEMENT to AR_FULL.  */
  for (ref = result->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    if (ref->type == REF_ARRAY && ref->next == NULL)
      {
        ref->u.ar.type = AR_FULL;

        for (i = 0; i < ref->u.ar.dimen; i++)
          ref->u.ar.start[i] = ref->u.ar.end[i] = ref->u.ar.stride[i] = NULL;

        result->rank = ref->u.ar.dimen;
        break;
      }

  return result;
}


/* Resolve the expression in an ALLOCATE statement, doing the additional
   checks to see whether the expression is OK or not.  The expression must
   have a trailing array reference that gives the size of the array.  */

static try
resolve_allocate_expr (gfc_expr *e, gfc_code *code)
{
  int i, pointer, allocatable, dimension, check_intent_in;
  symbol_attribute attr;
  gfc_ref *ref, *ref2;
  gfc_array_ref *ar;
  gfc_code *init_st;
  gfc_expr *init_e;
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  gfc_alloc *a;

  /* Check INTENT(IN), unless the object is a sub-component of a pointer.  */
  check_intent_in = 1;

  if (gfc_resolve_expr (e) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (code->expr && code->expr->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE)
    sym = code->expr->symtree->n.sym;
  else
    sym = NULL;

  /* Make sure the expression is allocatable or a pointer.  If it is
     pointer, the next-to-last reference must be a pointer.  */

  ref2 = NULL;

  if (e->expr_type != EXPR_VARIABLE)
    {
      allocatable = 0;
      attr = gfc_expr_attr (e);
      pointer = attr.pointer;
      dimension = attr.dimension;
    }
  else
    {
      allocatable = e->symtree->n.sym->attr.allocatable;
      pointer = e->symtree->n.sym->attr.pointer;
      dimension = e->symtree->n.sym->attr.dimension;

      if (sym == e->symtree->n.sym && sym->ts.type != BT_DERIVED)
        {
          gfc_error ("The STAT variable '%s' in an ALLOCATE statement must "
                     "not be allocated in the same statement at %L",
                      sym->name, &e->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      for (ref = e->ref; ref; ref2 = ref, ref = ref->next)
        {
          if (pointer)
            check_intent_in = 0;

          switch (ref->type)
            {
              case REF_ARRAY:
                if (ref->next != NULL)
                  pointer = 0;
                break;

              case REF_COMPONENT:
                allocatable = (ref->u.c.component->as != NULL
                               && ref->u.c.component->as->type == AS_DEFERRED);

                pointer = ref->u.c.component->pointer;
                dimension = ref->u.c.component->dimension;
                break;

              case REF_SUBSTRING:
                allocatable = 0;
                pointer = 0;
                break;
            }
       }
    }

  if (allocatable == 0 && pointer == 0)
    {
      gfc_error ("Expression in ALLOCATE statement at %L must be "
                 "ALLOCATABLE or a POINTER", &e->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  if (check_intent_in
      && e->symtree->n.sym->attr.intent == INTENT_IN)
    {
      gfc_error ("Cannot allocate INTENT(IN) variable '%s' at %L",
                 e->symtree->n.sym->name, &e->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* Add default initializer for those derived types that need them.  */
  if (e->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && (init_e = gfc_default_initializer (&e->ts)))
    {
      init_st = gfc_get_code ();
      init_st->loc = code->loc;
      init_st->op = EXEC_INIT_ASSIGN;
      init_st->expr = expr_to_initialize (e);
      init_st->expr2 = init_e;
      init_st->next = code->next;
      code->next = init_st;
    }

  if (pointer && dimension == 0)
    return SUCCESS;

  /* Make sure the next-to-last reference node is an array specification.  */

  if (ref2 == NULL || ref2->type != REF_ARRAY || ref2->u.ar.type == AR_FULL)
    {
      gfc_error ("Array specification required in ALLOCATE statement "
                 "at %L", &e->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* Make sure that the array section reference makes sense in the
    context of an ALLOCATE specification.  */

  ar = &ref2->u.ar;

  for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
    {
      if (ref2->u.ar.type == AR_ELEMENT)
        goto check_symbols;

      switch (ar->dimen_type[i])
        {
        case DIMEN_ELEMENT:
          break;

        case DIMEN_RANGE:
          if (ar->start[i] != NULL
              && ar->end[i] != NULL
              && ar->stride[i] == NULL)
            break;

          /* Fall Through...  */

        case DIMEN_UNKNOWN:
        case DIMEN_VECTOR:
          gfc_error ("Bad array specification in ALLOCATE statement at %L",
                     &e->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }

check_symbols:

      for (a = code->ext.alloc_list; a; a = a->next)
        {
          sym = a->expr->symtree->n.sym;

          /* TODO - check derived type components.  */
          if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED)
            continue;

          if ((ar->start[i] != NULL && find_sym_in_expr (sym, ar->start[i]))
                 || (ar->end[i] != NULL && find_sym_in_expr (sym, ar->end[i])))
            {
              gfc_error ("'%s' must not appear an the array specification at "
                         "%L in the same ALLOCATE statement where it is "
                         "itself allocated", sym->name, &ar->where);
              return FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/************ SELECT CASE resolution subroutines ************/

/* Callback function for our mergesort variant.  Determines interval
   overlaps for CASEs. Return <0 if op1 < op2, 0 for overlap, >0 for
   op1 > op2.  Assumes we're not dealing with the default case.  
   We have op1 = (:L), (K:L) or (K:) and op2 = (:N), (M:N) or (M:).
   There are nine situations to check.  */

static int
compare_cases (const gfc_case *op1, const gfc_case *op2)
{
  int retval;

  if (op1->low == NULL) /* op1 = (:L)  */
    {
      /* op2 = (:N), so overlap.  */
      retval = 0;
      /* op2 = (M:) or (M:N),  L < M  */
      if (op2->low != NULL
          && gfc_compare_expr (op1->high, op2->low) < 0)
        retval = -1;
    }
  else if (op1->high == NULL) /* op1 = (K:)  */
    {
      /* op2 = (M:), so overlap.  */
      retval = 0;
      /* op2 = (:N) or (M:N), K > N  */
      if (op2->high != NULL
          && gfc_compare_expr (op1->low, op2->high) > 0)
        retval = 1;
    }
  else /* op1 = (K:L)  */
    {
      if (op2->low == NULL)       /* op2 = (:N), K > N  */
        retval = (gfc_compare_expr (op1->low, op2->high) > 0) ? 1 : 0;
      else if (op2->high == NULL) /* op2 = (M:), L < M  */
        retval = (gfc_compare_expr (op1->high, op2->low) < 0) ? -1 : 0;
      else                      /* op2 = (M:N)  */
        {
          retval =  0;
          /* L < M  */
          if (gfc_compare_expr (op1->high, op2->low) < 0)
            retval =  -1;
          /* K > N  */
          else if (gfc_compare_expr (op1->low, op2->high) > 0)
            retval =  1;
        }
    }

  return retval;
}


/* Merge-sort a double linked case list, detecting overlap in the
   process.  LIST is the head of the double linked case list before it
   is sorted.  Returns the head of the sorted list if we don't see any
   overlap, or NULL otherwise.  */

static gfc_case *
check_case_overlap (gfc_case *list)
{
  gfc_case *p, *q, *e, *tail;
  int insize, nmerges, psize, qsize, cmp, overlap_seen;

  /* If the passed list was empty, return immediately.  */
  if (!list)
    return NULL;

  overlap_seen = 0;
  insize = 1;

  /* Loop unconditionally.  The only exit from this loop is a return
     statement, when we've finished sorting the case list.  */
  for (;;)
    {
      p = list;
      list = NULL;
      tail = NULL;

      /* Count the number of merges we do in this pass.  */
      nmerges = 0;

      /* Loop while there exists a merge to be done.  */
      while (p)
        {
          int i;

          /* Count this merge.  */
          nmerges++;

          /* Cut the list in two pieces by stepping INSIZE places
             forward in the list, starting from P.  */
          psize = 0;
          q = p;
          for (i = 0; i < insize; i++)
            {
              psize++;
              q = q->right;
              if (!q)
                break;
            }
          qsize = insize;

          /* Now we have two lists.  Merge them!  */
          while (psize > 0 || (qsize > 0 && q != NULL))
            {
              /* See from which the next case to merge comes from.  */
              if (psize == 0)
                {
                  /* P is empty so the next case must come from Q.  */
                  e = q;
                  q = q->right;
                  qsize--;
                }
              else if (qsize == 0 || q == NULL)
                {
                  /* Q is empty.  */
                  e = p;
                  p = p->right;
                  psize--;
                }
              else
                {
                  cmp = compare_cases (p, q);
                  if (cmp < 0)
                    {
                      /* The whole case range for P is less than the
                         one for Q.  */
                      e = p;
                      p = p->right;
                      psize--;
                    }
                  else if (cmp > 0)
                    {
                      /* The whole case range for Q is greater than
                         the case range for P.  */
                      e = q;
                      q = q->right;
                      qsize--;
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      /* The cases overlap, or they are the same
                         element in the list.  Either way, we must
                         issue an error and get the next case from P.  */
                      /* FIXME: Sort P and Q by line number.  */
                      gfc_error ("CASE label at %L overlaps with CASE "
                                 "label at %L", &p->where, &q->where);
                      overlap_seen = 1;
                      e = p;
                      p = p->right;
                      psize--;
                    }
                }

                /* Add the next element to the merged list.  */
              if (tail)
                tail->right = e;
              else
                list = e;
              e->left = tail;
              tail = e;
            }

          /* P has now stepped INSIZE places along, and so has Q.  So
             they're the same.  */
          p = q;
        }
      tail->right = NULL;

      /* If we have done only one merge or none at all, we've
         finished sorting the cases.  */
      if (nmerges <= 1)
        {
          if (!overlap_seen)
            return list;
          else
            return NULL;
        }

      /* Otherwise repeat, merging lists twice the size.  */
      insize *= 2;
    }
}


/* Check to see if an expression is suitable for use in a CASE statement.
   Makes sure that all case expressions are scalar constants of the same
   type.  Return FAILURE if anything is wrong.  */

static try
validate_case_label_expr (gfc_expr *e, gfc_expr *case_expr)
{
  if (e == NULL) return SUCCESS;

  if (e->ts.type != case_expr->ts.type)
    {
      gfc_error ("Expression in CASE statement at %L must be of type %s",
                 &e->where, gfc_basic_typename (case_expr->ts.type));
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* C805 (R808) For a given case-construct, each case-value shall be of
     the same type as case-expr.  For character type, length differences
     are allowed, but the kind type parameters shall be the same.  */

  if (case_expr->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER && e->ts.kind != case_expr->ts.kind)
    {
      gfc_error("Expression in CASE statement at %L must be kind %d",
                &e->where, case_expr->ts.kind);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* Convert the case value kind to that of case expression kind, if needed.
     FIXME:  Should a warning be issued?  */
  if (e->ts.kind != case_expr->ts.kind)
    gfc_convert_type_warn (e, &case_expr->ts, 2, 0);

  if (e->rank != 0)
    {
      gfc_error ("Expression in CASE statement at %L must be scalar",
                 &e->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Given a completely parsed select statement, we:

     - Validate all expressions and code within the SELECT.
     - Make sure that the selection expression is not of the wrong type.
     - Make sure that no case ranges overlap.
     - Eliminate unreachable cases and unreachable code resulting from
       removing case labels.

   The standard does allow unreachable cases, e.g. CASE (5:3).  But
   they are a hassle for code generation, and to prevent that, we just
   cut them out here.  This is not necessary for overlapping cases
   because they are illegal and we never even try to generate code.

   We have the additional caveat that a SELECT construct could have
   been a computed GOTO in the source code. Fortunately we can fairly
   easily work around that here: The case_expr for a "real" SELECT CASE
   is in code->expr1, but for a computed GOTO it is in code->expr2. All
   we have to do is make sure that the case_expr is a scalar integer
   expression.  */

static void
resolve_select (gfc_code *code)
{
  gfc_code *body;
  gfc_expr *case_expr;
  gfc_case *cp, *default_case, *tail, *head;
  int seen_unreachable;
  int seen_logical;
  int ncases;
  bt type;
  try t;

  if (code->expr == NULL)
    {
      /* This was actually a computed GOTO statement.  */
      case_expr = code->expr2;
      if (case_expr->ts.type != BT_INTEGER|| case_expr->rank != 0)
        gfc_error ("Selection expression in computed GOTO statement "
                   "at %L must be a scalar integer expression",
                   &case_expr->where);

      /* Further checking is not necessary because this SELECT was built
         by the compiler, so it should always be OK.  Just move the
         case_expr from expr2 to expr so that we can handle computed
         GOTOs as normal SELECTs from here on.  */
      code->expr = code->expr2;
      code->expr2 = NULL;
      return;
    }

  case_expr = code->expr;

  type = case_expr->ts.type;
  if (type != BT_LOGICAL && type != BT_INTEGER && type != BT_CHARACTER)
    {
      gfc_error ("Argument of SELECT statement at %L cannot be %s",
                 &case_expr->where, gfc_typename (&case_expr->ts));

      /* Punt. Going on here just produce more garbage error messages.  */
      return;
    }

  if (case_expr->rank != 0)
    {
      gfc_error ("Argument of SELECT statement at %L must be a scalar "
                 "expression", &case_expr->where);

      /* Punt.  */
      return;
    }

  /* PR 19168 has a long discussion concerning a mismatch of the kinds
     of the SELECT CASE expression and its CASE values.  Walk the lists
     of case values, and if we find a mismatch, promote case_expr to
     the appropriate kind.  */

  if (type == BT_LOGICAL || type == BT_INTEGER)
    {
      for (body = code->block; body; body = body->block)
        {
          /* Walk the case label list.  */
          for (cp = body->ext.case_list; cp; cp = cp->next)
            {
              /* Intercept the DEFAULT case.  It does not have a kind.  */
              if (cp->low == NULL && cp->high == NULL)
                continue;

              /* Unreachable case ranges are discarded, so ignore.  */
              if (cp->low != NULL && cp->high != NULL
                  && cp->low != cp->high
                  && gfc_compare_expr (cp->low, cp->high) > 0)
                continue;

              /* FIXME: Should a warning be issued?  */
              if (cp->low != NULL
                  && case_expr->ts.kind != gfc_kind_max(case_expr, cp->low))
                gfc_convert_type_warn (case_expr, &cp->low->ts, 2, 0);

              if (cp->high != NULL
                  && case_expr->ts.kind != gfc_kind_max(case_expr, cp->high))
                gfc_convert_type_warn (case_expr, &cp->high->ts, 2, 0);
            }
         }
    }

  /* Assume there is no DEFAULT case.  */
  default_case = NULL;
  head = tail = NULL;
  ncases = 0;
  seen_logical = 0;

  for (body = code->block; body; body = body->block)
    {
      /* Assume the CASE list is OK, and all CASE labels can be matched.  */
      t = SUCCESS;
      seen_unreachable = 0;

      /* Walk the case label list, making sure that all case labels
         are legal.  */
      for (cp = body->ext.case_list; cp; cp = cp->next)
        {
          /* Count the number of cases in the whole construct.  */
          ncases++;

          /* Intercept the DEFAULT case.  */
          if (cp->low == NULL && cp->high == NULL)
            {
              if (default_case != NULL)
                {
                  gfc_error ("The DEFAULT CASE at %L cannot be followed "
                             "by a second DEFAULT CASE at %L",
                             &default_case->where, &cp->where);
                  t = FAILURE;
                  break;
                }
              else
                {
                  default_case = cp;
                  continue;
                }
            }

          /* Deal with single value cases and case ranges.  Errors are
             issued from the validation function.  */
          if(validate_case_label_expr (cp->low, case_expr) != SUCCESS
             || validate_case_label_expr (cp->high, case_expr) != SUCCESS)
            {
              t = FAILURE;
              break;
            }

          if (type == BT_LOGICAL
              && ((cp->low == NULL || cp->high == NULL)
                  || cp->low != cp->high))
            {
              gfc_error ("Logical range in CASE statement at %L is not "
                         "allowed", &cp->low->where);
              t = FAILURE;
              break;
            }

          if (type == BT_LOGICAL && cp->low->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT)
            {
              int value;
              value = cp->low->value.logical == 0 ? 2 : 1;
              if (value & seen_logical)
                {
                  gfc_error ("constant logical value in CASE statement "
                             "is repeated at %L",
                             &cp->low->where);
                  t = FAILURE;
                  break;
                }
              seen_logical |= value;
            }

          if (cp->low != NULL && cp->high != NULL
              && cp->low != cp->high
              && gfc_compare_expr (cp->low, cp->high) > 0)
            {
              if (gfc_option.warn_surprising)
                gfc_warning ("Range specification at %L can never "
                             "be matched", &cp->where);

              cp->unreachable = 1;
              seen_unreachable = 1;
            }
          else
            {
              /* If the case range can be matched, it can also overlap with
                 other cases.  To make sure it does not, we put it in a
                 double linked list here.  We sort that with a merge sort
                 later on to detect any overlapping cases.  */
              if (!head)
                {
                  head = tail = cp;
                  head->right = head->left = NULL;
                }
              else
                {
                  tail->right = cp;
                  tail->right->left = tail;
                  tail = tail->right;
                  tail->right = NULL;
                }
            }
        }

      /* It there was a failure in the previous case label, give up
         for this case label list.  Continue with the next block.  */
      if (t == FAILURE)
        continue;

      /* See if any case labels that are unreachable have been seen.
         If so, we eliminate them.  This is a bit of a kludge because
         the case lists for a single case statement (label) is a
         single forward linked lists.  */
      if (seen_unreachable)
      {
        /* Advance until the first case in the list is reachable.  */
        while (body->ext.case_list != NULL
               && body->ext.case_list->unreachable)
          {
            gfc_case *n = body->ext.case_list;
            body->ext.case_list = body->ext.case_list->next;
            n->next = NULL;
            gfc_free_case_list (n);
          }

        /* Strip all other unreachable cases.  */
        if (body->ext.case_list)
          {
            for (cp = body->ext.case_list; cp->next; cp = cp->next)
              {
                if (cp->next->unreachable)
                  {
                    gfc_case *n = cp->next;
                    cp->next = cp->next->next;
                    n->next = NULL;
                    gfc_free_case_list (n);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
    }

  /* See if there were overlapping cases.  If the check returns NULL,
     there was overlap.  In that case we don't do anything.  If head
     is non-NULL, we prepend the DEFAULT case.  The sorted list can
     then used during code generation for SELECT CASE constructs with
     a case expression of a CHARACTER type.  */
  if (head)
    {
      head = check_case_overlap (head);

      /* Prepend the default_case if it is there.  */
      if (head != NULL && default_case)
        {
          default_case->left = NULL;
          default_case->right = head;
          head->left = default_case;
        }
    }

  /* Eliminate dead blocks that may be the result if we've seen
     unreachable case labels for a block.  */
  for (body = code; body && body->block; body = body->block)
    {
      if (body->block->ext.case_list == NULL)
        {
          /* Cut the unreachable block from the code chain.  */
          gfc_code *c = body->block;
          body->block = c->block;

          /* Kill the dead block, but not the blocks below it.  */
          c->block = NULL;
          gfc_free_statements (c);
        }
    }

  /* More than two cases is legal but insane for logical selects.
     Issue a warning for it.  */
  if (gfc_option.warn_surprising && type == BT_LOGICAL
      && ncases > 2)
    gfc_warning ("Logical SELECT CASE block at %L has more that two cases",
                 &code->loc);
}


/* Resolve a transfer statement. This is making sure that:
   -- a derived type being transferred has only non-pointer components
   -- a derived type being transferred doesn't have private components, unless 
      it's being transferred from the module where the type was defined
   -- we're not trying to transfer a whole assumed size array.  */

static void
resolve_transfer (gfc_code *code)
{
  gfc_typespec *ts;
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  gfc_ref *ref;
  gfc_expr *exp;

  exp = code->expr;

  if (exp->expr_type != EXPR_VARIABLE && exp->expr_type != EXPR_FUNCTION)
    return;

  sym = exp->symtree->n.sym;
  ts = &sym->ts;

  /* Go to actual component transferred.  */
  for (ref = code->expr->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
    if (ref->type == REF_COMPONENT)
      ts = &ref->u.c.component->ts;

  if (ts->type == BT_DERIVED)
    {
      /* Check that transferred derived type doesn't contain POINTER
         components.  */
      if (derived_pointer (ts->derived))
        {
          gfc_error ("Data transfer element at %L cannot have "
                     "POINTER components", &code->loc);
          return;
        }

      if (ts->derived->attr.alloc_comp)
        {
          gfc_error ("Data transfer element at %L cannot have "
                     "ALLOCATABLE components", &code->loc);
          return;
        }

      if (derived_inaccessible (ts->derived))
        {
          gfc_error ("Data transfer element at %L cannot have "
                     "PRIVATE components",&code->loc);
          return;
        }
    }

  if (sym->as != NULL && sym->as->type == AS_ASSUMED_SIZE
      && exp->ref->type == REF_ARRAY && exp->ref->u.ar.type == AR_FULL)
    {
      gfc_error ("Data transfer element at %L cannot be a full reference to "
                 "an assumed-size array", &code->loc);
      return;
    }
}


/*********** Toplevel code resolution subroutines ***********/

/* Find the set of labels that are reachable from this block.  We also
   record the last statement in each block so that we don't have to do
   a linear search to find the END DO statements of the blocks.  */
     
static void
reachable_labels (gfc_code *block)
{
  gfc_code *c;

  if (!block)
    return;

  cs_base->reachable_labels = bitmap_obstack_alloc (&labels_obstack);

  /* Collect labels in this block.  */
  for (c = block; c; c = c->next)
    {
      if (c->here)
        bitmap_set_bit (cs_base->reachable_labels, c->here->value);

      if (!c->next && cs_base->prev)
        cs_base->prev->tail = c;
    }

  /* Merge with labels from parent block.  */
  if (cs_base->prev)
    {
      gcc_assert (cs_base->prev->reachable_labels);
      bitmap_ior_into (cs_base->reachable_labels,
                       cs_base->prev->reachable_labels);
    }
}

/* Given a branch to a label and a namespace, if the branch is conforming.
   The code node describes where the branch is located.  */

static void
resolve_branch (gfc_st_label *label, gfc_code *code)
{
  code_stack *stack;

  if (label == NULL)
    return;

  /* Step one: is this a valid branching target?  */

  if (label->defined == ST_LABEL_UNKNOWN)
    {
      gfc_error ("Label %d referenced at %L is never defined", label->value,
                 &label->where);
      return;
    }

  if (label->defined != ST_LABEL_TARGET)
    {
      gfc_error ("Statement at %L is not a valid branch target statement "
                 "for the branch statement at %L", &label->where, &code->loc);
      return;
    }

  /* Step two: make sure this branch is not a branch to itself ;-)  */

  if (code->here == label)
    {
      gfc_warning ("Branch at %L causes an infinite loop", &code->loc);
      return;
    }

  /* Step three:  See if the label is in the same block as the
     branching statement.  The hard work has been done by setting up
     the bitmap reachable_labels.  */

  if (!bitmap_bit_p (cs_base->reachable_labels, label->value))
    {
      /* The label is not in an enclosing block, so illegal.  This was
         allowed in Fortran 66, so we allow it as extension.  No
         further checks are necessary in this case.  */
      gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_LEGACY, "Label at %L is not in the same block "
                      "as the GOTO statement at %L", &label->where,
                      &code->loc);
      return;
    }

  /* Step four: Make sure that the branching target is legal if
     the statement is an END {SELECT,IF}.  */

  for (stack = cs_base; stack; stack = stack->prev)
    if (stack->current->next && stack->current->next->here == label)
      break;

  if (stack && stack->current->next->op == EXEC_NOP)
    {
      gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F95_DEL, "Deleted feature: GOTO at %L jumps to "
                      "END of construct at %L", &code->loc,
                      &stack->current->next->loc);
      return;  /* We know this is not an END DO.  */
    }

  /* Step five: Make sure that we're not jumping to the end of a DO
     loop from within the loop.  */

  for (stack = cs_base; stack; stack = stack->prev)
    if ((stack->current->op == EXEC_DO
         || stack->current->op == EXEC_DO_WHILE)
        && stack->tail->here == label && stack->tail->op == EXEC_NOP)
      {
        gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F95_DEL, "Deleted feature: GOTO at %L jumps "
                        "to END of construct at %L", &code->loc,
                        &stack->tail->loc);
        return;

      }
}


/* Check whether EXPR1 has the same shape as EXPR2.  */

static try
resolve_where_shape (gfc_expr *expr1, gfc_expr *expr2)
{
  mpz_t shape[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
  mpz_t shape2[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
  try result = FAILURE;
  int i;

  /* Compare the rank.  */
  if (expr1->rank != expr2->rank)
    return result;

  /* Compare the size of each dimension.  */
  for (i=0; i<expr1->rank; i++)
    {
      if (gfc_array_dimen_size (expr1, i, &shape[i]) == FAILURE)
        goto ignore;

      if (gfc_array_dimen_size (expr2, i, &shape2[i]) == FAILURE)
        goto ignore;

      if (mpz_cmp (shape[i], shape2[i]))
        goto over;
    }

  /* When either of the two expression is an assumed size array, we
     ignore the comparison of dimension sizes.  */
ignore:
  result = SUCCESS;

over:
  for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      mpz_clear (shape[i]);
      mpz_clear (shape2[i]);
    }
  return result;
}


/* Check whether a WHERE assignment target or a WHERE mask expression
   has the same shape as the outmost WHERE mask expression.  */

static void
resolve_where (gfc_code *code, gfc_expr *mask)
{
  gfc_code *cblock;
  gfc_code *cnext;
  gfc_expr *e = NULL;

  cblock = code->block;

  /* Store the first WHERE mask-expr of the WHERE statement or construct.
     In case of nested WHERE, only the outmost one is stored.  */
  if (mask == NULL) /* outmost WHERE */
    e = cblock->expr;
  else /* inner WHERE */
    e = mask;

  while (cblock)
    {
      if (cblock->expr)
        {
          /* Check if the mask-expr has a consistent shape with the
             outmost WHERE mask-expr.  */
          if (resolve_where_shape (cblock->expr, e) == FAILURE)
            gfc_error ("WHERE mask at %L has inconsistent shape",
                       &cblock->expr->where);
         }

      /* the assignment statement of a WHERE statement, or the first
         statement in where-body-construct of a WHERE construct */
      cnext = cblock->next;
      while (cnext)
        {
          switch (cnext->op)
            {
            /* WHERE assignment statement */
            case EXEC_ASSIGN:

              /* Check shape consistent for WHERE assignment target.  */
              if (e && resolve_where_shape (cnext->expr, e) == FAILURE)
               gfc_error ("WHERE assignment target at %L has "
                          "inconsistent shape", &cnext->expr->where);
              break;

  
            case EXEC_ASSIGN_CALL:
              resolve_call (cnext);
              break;

            /* WHERE or WHERE construct is part of a where-body-construct */
            case EXEC_WHERE:
              resolve_where (cnext, e);
              break;

            default:
              gfc_error ("Unsupported statement inside WHERE at %L",
                         &cnext->loc);
            }
         /* the next statement within the same where-body-construct */
         cnext = cnext->next;
       }
    /* the next masked-elsewhere-stmt, elsewhere-stmt, or end-where-stmt */
    cblock = cblock->block;
  }
}


/* Check whether the FORALL index appears in the expression or not.  */

static try
gfc_find_forall_index (gfc_expr *expr, gfc_symbol *symbol)
{
  gfc_array_ref ar;
  gfc_ref *tmp;
  gfc_actual_arglist *args;
  int i;

  switch (expr->expr_type)
    {
    case EXPR_VARIABLE:
      gcc_assert (expr->symtree->n.sym);

      /* A scalar assignment  */
      if (!expr->ref)
        {
          if (expr->symtree->n.sym == symbol)
            return SUCCESS;
          else
            return FAILURE;
        }

      /* the expr is array ref, substring or struct component.  */
      tmp = expr->ref;
      while (tmp != NULL)
        {
          switch (tmp->type)
            {
            case  REF_ARRAY:
              /* Check if the symbol appears in the array subscript.  */
              ar = tmp->u.ar;
              for (i = 0; i < GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS; i++)
                {
                  if (ar.start[i])
                    if (gfc_find_forall_index (ar.start[i], symbol) == SUCCESS)
                      return SUCCESS;

                  if (ar.end[i])
                    if (gfc_find_forall_index (ar.end[i], symbol) == SUCCESS)
                      return SUCCESS;

                  if (ar.stride[i])
                    if (gfc_find_forall_index (ar.stride[i], symbol) == SUCCESS)
                      return SUCCESS;
                }  /* end for  */
              break;

            case REF_SUBSTRING:
              if (expr->symtree->n.sym == symbol)
                return SUCCESS;
              tmp = expr->ref;
              /* Check if the symbol appears in the substring section.  */
              if (gfc_find_forall_index (tmp->u.ss.start, symbol) == SUCCESS)
                return SUCCESS;
              if (gfc_find_forall_index (tmp->u.ss.end, symbol) == SUCCESS)
                return SUCCESS;
              break;

            case REF_COMPONENT:
              break;

            default:
              gfc_error("expression reference type error at %L", &expr->where);
            }
          tmp = tmp->next;
        }
      break;

    /* If the expression is a function call, then check if the symbol
       appears in the actual arglist of the function.  */
    case EXPR_FUNCTION:
      for (args = expr->value.function.actual; args; args = args->next)
        {
          if (gfc_find_forall_index(args->expr,symbol) == SUCCESS)
            return SUCCESS;
        }
      break;

    /* It seems not to happen.  */
    case EXPR_SUBSTRING:
      if (expr->ref)
        {
          tmp = expr->ref;
          gcc_assert (expr->ref->type == REF_SUBSTRING);
          if (gfc_find_forall_index (tmp->u.ss.start, symbol) == SUCCESS)
            return SUCCESS;
          if (gfc_find_forall_index (tmp->u.ss.end, symbol) == SUCCESS)
            return SUCCESS;
        }
      break;

    /* It seems not to happen.  */
    case EXPR_STRUCTURE:
    case EXPR_ARRAY:
      gfc_error ("Unsupported statement while finding forall index in "
                 "expression");
      break;

    case EXPR_OP:
      /* Find the FORALL index in the first operand.  */
      if (expr->value.op.op1)
        {
          if (gfc_find_forall_index (expr->value.op.op1, symbol) == SUCCESS)
            return SUCCESS;
        }

      /* Find the FORALL index in the second operand.  */
      if (expr->value.op.op2)
        {
          if (gfc_find_forall_index (expr->value.op.op2, symbol) == SUCCESS)
            return SUCCESS;
        }
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  return FAILURE;
}


/* Resolve assignment in FORALL construct.
   NVAR is the number of FORALL index variables, and VAR_EXPR records the
   FORALL index variables.  */

static void
gfc_resolve_assign_in_forall (gfc_code *code, int nvar, gfc_expr **var_expr)
{
  int n;

  for (n = 0; n < nvar; n++)
    {
      gfc_symbol *forall_index;

      forall_index = var_expr[n]->symtree->n.sym;

      /* Check whether the assignment target is one of the FORALL index
         variable.  */
      if ((code->expr->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE)
          && (code->expr->symtree->n.sym == forall_index))
        gfc_error ("Assignment to a FORALL index variable at %L",
                   &code->expr->where);
      else
        {
          /* If one of the FORALL index variables doesn't appear in the
             assignment target, then there will be a many-to-one
             assignment.  */
          if (gfc_find_forall_index (code->expr, forall_index) == FAILURE)
            gfc_error ("The FORALL with index '%s' cause more than one "
                       "assignment to this object at %L",
                       var_expr[n]->symtree->name, &code->expr->where);
        }
    }
}


/* Resolve WHERE statement in FORALL construct.  */

static void
gfc_resolve_where_code_in_forall (gfc_code *code, int nvar,
                                  gfc_expr **var_expr)
{
  gfc_code *cblock;
  gfc_code *cnext;

  cblock = code->block;
  while (cblock)
    {
      /* the assignment statement of a WHERE statement, or the first
         statement in where-body-construct of a WHERE construct */
      cnext = cblock->next;
      while (cnext)
        {
          switch (cnext->op)
            {
            /* WHERE assignment statement */
            case EXEC_ASSIGN:
              gfc_resolve_assign_in_forall (cnext, nvar, var_expr);
              break;
  
            /* WHERE operator assignment statement */
            case EXEC_ASSIGN_CALL:
              resolve_call (cnext);
              break;

            /* WHERE or WHERE construct is part of a where-body-construct */
            case EXEC_WHERE:
              gfc_resolve_where_code_in_forall (cnext, nvar, var_expr);
              break;

            default:
              gfc_error ("Unsupported statement inside WHERE at %L",
                         &cnext->loc);
            }
          /* the next statement within the same where-body-construct */
          cnext = cnext->next;
        }
      /* the next masked-elsewhere-stmt, elsewhere-stmt, or end-where-stmt */
      cblock = cblock->block;
    }
}


/* Traverse the FORALL body to check whether the following errors exist:
   1. For assignment, check if a many-to-one assignment happens.
   2. For WHERE statement, check the WHERE body to see if there is any
      many-to-one assignment.  */

static void
gfc_resolve_forall_body (gfc_code *code, int nvar, gfc_expr **var_expr)
{
  gfc_code *c;

  c = code->block->next;
  while (c)
    {
      switch (c->op)
        {
        case EXEC_ASSIGN:
        case EXEC_POINTER_ASSIGN:
          gfc_resolve_assign_in_forall (c, nvar, var_expr);
          break;

        case EXEC_ASSIGN_CALL:
          resolve_call (c);
          break;

        /* Because the gfc_resolve_blocks() will handle the nested FORALL,
           there is no need to handle it here.  */
        case EXEC_FORALL:
          break;
        case EXEC_WHERE:
          gfc_resolve_where_code_in_forall(c, nvar, var_expr);
          break;
        default:
          break;
        }
      /* The next statement in the FORALL body.  */
      c = c->next;
    }
}


/* Given a FORALL construct, first resolve the FORALL iterator, then call
   gfc_resolve_forall_body to resolve the FORALL body.  */

static void
gfc_resolve_forall (gfc_code *code, gfc_namespace *ns, int forall_save)
{
  static gfc_expr **var_expr;
  static int total_var = 0;
  static int nvar = 0;
  gfc_forall_iterator *fa;
  gfc_symbol *forall_index;
  gfc_code *next;
  int i;

  /* Start to resolve a FORALL construct   */
  if (forall_save == 0)
    {
      /* Count the total number of FORALL index in the nested FORALL
         construct in order to allocate the VAR_EXPR with proper size.  */
      next = code;
      while ((next != NULL) && (next->op == EXEC_FORALL))
        {
          for (fa = next->ext.forall_iterator; fa; fa = fa->next)
            total_var ++;
          next = next->block->next;
        }

      /* Allocate VAR_EXPR with NUMBER_OF_FORALL_INDEX elements.  */
      var_expr = (gfc_expr **) gfc_getmem (total_var * sizeof (gfc_expr *));
    }

  /* The information about FORALL iterator, including FORALL index start, end
     and stride. The FORALL index can not appear in start, end or stride.  */
  for (fa = code->ext.forall_iterator; fa; fa = fa->next)
    {
      /* Check if any outer FORALL index name is the same as the current
         one.  */
      for (i = 0; i < nvar; i++)
        {
          if (fa->var->symtree->n.sym == var_expr[i]->symtree->n.sym)
            {
              gfc_error ("An outer FORALL construct already has an index "
                         "with this name %L", &fa->var->where);
            }
        }

      /* Record the current FORALL index.  */
      var_expr[nvar] = gfc_copy_expr (fa->var);

      forall_index = fa->var->symtree->n.sym;

      /* Check if the FORALL index appears in start, end or stride.  */
      if (gfc_find_forall_index (fa->start, forall_index) == SUCCESS)
        gfc_error ("A FORALL index must not appear in a limit or stride "
                   "expression in the same FORALL at %L", &fa->start->where);
      if (gfc_find_forall_index (fa->end, forall_index) == SUCCESS)
        gfc_error ("A FORALL index must not appear in a limit or stride "
                   "expression in the same FORALL at %L", &fa->end->where);
      if (gfc_find_forall_index (fa->stride, forall_index) == SUCCESS)
        gfc_error ("A FORALL index must not appear in a limit or stride "
                   "expression in the same FORALL at %L", &fa->stride->where);
      nvar++;
    }

  /* Resolve the FORALL body.  */
  gfc_resolve_forall_body (code, nvar, var_expr);

  /* May call gfc_resolve_forall to resolve the inner FORALL loop.  */
  gfc_resolve_blocks (code->block, ns);

  /* Free VAR_EXPR after the whole FORALL construct resolved.  */
  for (i = 0; i < total_var; i++)
    gfc_free_expr (var_expr[i]);

  /* Reset the counters.  */
  total_var = 0;
  nvar = 0;
}


/* Resolve lists of blocks found in IF, SELECT CASE, WHERE, FORALL ,GOTO and
   DO code nodes.  */

static void resolve_code (gfc_code *, gfc_namespace *);

void
gfc_resolve_blocks (gfc_code *b, gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  try t;

  for (; b; b = b->block)
    {
      t = gfc_resolve_expr (b->expr);
      if (gfc_resolve_expr (b->expr2) == FAILURE)
        t = FAILURE;

      switch (b->op)
        {
        case EXEC_IF:
          if (t == SUCCESS && b->expr != NULL
              && (b->expr->ts.type != BT_LOGICAL || b->expr->rank != 0))
            gfc_error ("IF clause at %L requires a scalar LOGICAL expression",
                       &b->expr->where);
          break;

        case EXEC_WHERE:
          if (t == SUCCESS
              && b->expr != NULL
              && (b->expr->ts.type != BT_LOGICAL || b->expr->rank == 0))
            gfc_error ("WHERE/ELSEWHERE clause at %L requires a LOGICAL array",
                       &b->expr->where);
          break;

        case EXEC_GOTO:
          resolve_branch (b->label, b);
          break;

        case EXEC_SELECT:
        case EXEC_FORALL:
        case EXEC_DO:
        case EXEC_DO_WHILE:
        case EXEC_READ:
        case EXEC_WRITE:
        case EXEC_IOLENGTH:
          break;

        case EXEC_OMP_ATOMIC:
        case EXEC_OMP_CRITICAL:
        case EXEC_OMP_DO:
        case EXEC_OMP_MASTER:
        case EXEC_OMP_ORDERED:
        case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL:
        case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_DO:
        case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_SECTIONS:
        case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_WORKSHARE:
        case EXEC_OMP_SECTIONS:
        case EXEC_OMP_SINGLE:
        case EXEC_OMP_WORKSHARE:
          break;

        default:
          gfc_internal_error ("resolve_block(): Bad block type");
        }

      resolve_code (b->next, ns);
    }
}


/* Given a block of code, recursively resolve everything pointed to by this
   code block.  */

static void
resolve_code (gfc_code *code, gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  int omp_workshare_save;
  int forall_save;
  code_stack frame;
  gfc_alloc *a;
  try t;

  frame.prev = cs_base;
  frame.head = code;
  cs_base = &frame;

  reachable_labels (code);

  for (; code; code = code->next)
    {
      frame.current = code;
      forall_save = forall_flag;

      if (code->op == EXEC_FORALL)
        {
          forall_flag = 1;
          gfc_resolve_forall (code, ns, forall_save);
          forall_flag = 2;
        }
      else if (code->block)
        {
          omp_workshare_save = -1;
          switch (code->op)
            {
            case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_WORKSHARE:
              omp_workshare_save = omp_workshare_flag;
              omp_workshare_flag = 1;
              gfc_resolve_omp_parallel_blocks (code, ns);
              break;
            case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL:
            case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_DO:
            case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_SECTIONS:
              omp_workshare_save = omp_workshare_flag;
              omp_workshare_flag = 0;
              gfc_resolve_omp_parallel_blocks (code, ns);
              break;
            case EXEC_OMP_DO:
              gfc_resolve_omp_do_blocks (code, ns);
              break;
            case EXEC_OMP_WORKSHARE:
              omp_workshare_save = omp_workshare_flag;
              omp_workshare_flag = 1;
              /* FALLTHROUGH */
            default:
              gfc_resolve_blocks (code->block, ns);
              break;
            }

          if (omp_workshare_save != -1)
            omp_workshare_flag = omp_workshare_save;
        }

      t = gfc_resolve_expr (code->expr);
      forall_flag = forall_save;

      if (gfc_resolve_expr (code->expr2) == FAILURE)
        t = FAILURE;

      switch (code->op)
        {
        case EXEC_NOP:
        case EXEC_CYCLE:
        case EXEC_PAUSE:
        case EXEC_STOP:
        case EXEC_EXIT:
        case EXEC_CONTINUE:
        case EXEC_DT_END:
          break;

        case EXEC_ENTRY:
          /* Keep track of which entry we are up to.  */
          current_entry_id = code->ext.entry->id;
          break;

        case EXEC_WHERE:
          resolve_where (code, NULL);
          break;

        case EXEC_GOTO:
          if (code->expr != NULL)
            {
              if (code->expr->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
                gfc_error ("ASSIGNED GOTO statement at %L requires an "
                           "INTEGER variable", &code->expr->where);
              else if (code->expr->symtree->n.sym->attr.assign != 1)
                gfc_error ("Variable '%s' has not been assigned a target "
                           "label at %L", code->expr->symtree->n.sym->name,
                           &code->expr->where);
            }
          else
            resolve_branch (code->label, code);
          break;

        case EXEC_RETURN:
          if (code->expr != NULL
                && (code->expr->ts.type != BT_INTEGER || code->expr->rank))
            gfc_error ("Alternate RETURN statement at %L requires a SCALAR-"
                       "INTEGER return specifier", &code->expr->where);
          break;

        case EXEC_INIT_ASSIGN:
          break;

        case EXEC_ASSIGN:
          if (t == FAILURE)
            break;

          if (gfc_extend_assign (code, ns) == SUCCESS)
            {
              if (gfc_pure (NULL) && !gfc_pure (code->symtree->n.sym))
                {
                  gfc_error ("Subroutine '%s' called instead of assignment at "
                             "%L must be PURE", code->symtree->n.sym->name,
                             &code->loc);
                  break;
                }
              goto call;
            }

          if (code->expr->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER
              && gfc_option.warn_character_truncation)
            {
              int llen = 0, rlen = 0;

              if (code->expr->ts.cl != NULL
                  && code->expr->ts.cl->length != NULL
                  && code->expr->ts.cl->length->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT)
                llen = mpz_get_si (code->expr->ts.cl->length->value.integer);

              if (code->expr2->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT)
                rlen = code->expr2->value.character.length;

              else if (code->expr2->ts.cl != NULL
                       && code->expr2->ts.cl->length != NULL
                       && code->expr2->ts.cl->length->expr_type
                          == EXPR_CONSTANT)
                rlen = mpz_get_si (code->expr2->ts.cl->length->value.integer);

              if (rlen && llen && rlen > llen)
                gfc_warning_now ("CHARACTER expression will be truncated "
                                 "in assignment (%d/%d) at %L",
                                 llen, rlen, &code->loc);
            }

          if (gfc_pure (NULL))
            {
              if (gfc_impure_variable (code->expr->symtree->n.sym))
                {
                  gfc_error ("Cannot assign to variable '%s' in PURE "
                             "procedure at %L",
                             code->expr->symtree->n.sym->name,
                             &code->expr->where);
                  break;
                }

              if (code->expr->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
                    && code->expr->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE
                    && derived_pointer (code->expr->ts.derived)
                    && gfc_impure_variable (code->expr2->symtree->n.sym))
                {
                  gfc_error ("The impure variable at %L is assigned to "
                             "a derived type variable with a POINTER "
                             "component in a PURE procedure (12.6)",
                             &code->expr2->where);
                  break;
                }
            }

            gfc_check_assign (code->expr, code->expr2, 1);
          break;

        case EXEC_LABEL_ASSIGN:
          if (code->label->defined == ST_LABEL_UNKNOWN)
            gfc_error ("Label %d referenced at %L is never defined",
                       code->label->value, &code->label->where);
          if (t == SUCCESS
              && (code->expr->expr_type != EXPR_VARIABLE
                  || code->expr->symtree->n.sym->ts.type != BT_INTEGER
                  || code->expr->symtree->n.sym->ts.kind
                     != gfc_default_integer_kind
                  || code->expr->symtree->n.sym->as != NULL))
            gfc_error ("ASSIGN statement at %L requires a scalar "
                       "default INTEGER variable", &code->expr->where);
          break;

        case EXEC_POINTER_ASSIGN:
          if (t == FAILURE)
            break;

          gfc_check_pointer_assign (code->expr, code->expr2);
          break;

        case EXEC_ARITHMETIC_IF:
          if (t == SUCCESS
              && code->expr->ts.type != BT_INTEGER
              && code->expr->ts.type != BT_REAL)
            gfc_error ("Arithmetic IF statement at %L requires a numeric "
                       "expression", &code->expr->where);

          resolve_branch (code->label, code);
          resolve_branch (code->label2, code);
          resolve_branch (code->label3, code);
          break;

        case EXEC_IF:
          if (t == SUCCESS && code->expr != NULL
              && (code->expr->ts.type != BT_LOGICAL
                  || code->expr->rank != 0))
            gfc_error ("IF clause at %L requires a scalar LOGICAL expression",
                       &code->expr->where);
          break;

        case EXEC_CALL:
        call:
          resolve_call (code);
          break;

        case EXEC_SELECT:
          /* Select is complicated. Also, a SELECT construct could be
             a transformed computed GOTO.  */
          resolve_select (code);
          break;

        case EXEC_DO:
          if (code->ext.iterator != NULL)
            {
              gfc_iterator *iter = code->ext.iterator;
              if (gfc_resolve_iterator (iter, true) != FAILURE)
                gfc_resolve_do_iterator (code, iter->var->symtree->n.sym);
            }
          break;

        case EXEC_DO_WHILE:
          if (code->expr == NULL)
            gfc_internal_error ("resolve_code(): No expression on DO WHILE");
          if (t == SUCCESS
              && (code->expr->rank != 0
                  || code->expr->ts.type != BT_LOGICAL))
            gfc_error ("Exit condition of DO WHILE loop at %L must be "
                       "a scalar LOGICAL expression", &code->expr->where);
          break;

        case EXEC_ALLOCATE:
          if (t == SUCCESS && code->expr != NULL
              && code->expr->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
            gfc_error ("STAT tag in ALLOCATE statement at %L must be "
                       "of type INTEGER", &code->expr->where);

          for (a = code->ext.alloc_list; a; a = a->next)
            resolve_allocate_expr (a->expr, code);

          break;

        case EXEC_DEALLOCATE:
          if (t == SUCCESS && code->expr != NULL
              && code->expr->ts.type != BT_INTEGER)
            gfc_error
              ("STAT tag in DEALLOCATE statement at %L must be of type "
               "INTEGER", &code->expr->where);

          for (a = code->ext.alloc_list; a; a = a->next)
            resolve_deallocate_expr (a->expr);

          break;

        case EXEC_OPEN:
          if (gfc_resolve_open (code->ext.open) == FAILURE)
            break;

          resolve_branch (code->ext.open->err, code);
          break;

        case EXEC_CLOSE:
          if (gfc_resolve_close (code->ext.close) == FAILURE)
            break;

          resolve_branch (code->ext.close->err, code);
          break;

        case EXEC_BACKSPACE:
        case EXEC_ENDFILE:
        case EXEC_REWIND:
        case EXEC_FLUSH:
          if (gfc_resolve_filepos (code->ext.filepos) == FAILURE)
            break;

          resolve_branch (code->ext.filepos->err, code);
          break;

        case EXEC_INQUIRE:
          if (gfc_resolve_inquire (code->ext.inquire) == FAILURE)
              break;

          resolve_branch (code->ext.inquire->err, code);
          break;

        case EXEC_IOLENGTH:
          gcc_assert (code->ext.inquire != NULL);
          if (gfc_resolve_inquire (code->ext.inquire) == FAILURE)
            break;

          resolve_branch (code->ext.inquire->err, code);
          break;

        case EXEC_READ:
        case EXEC_WRITE:
          if (gfc_resolve_dt (code->ext.dt) == FAILURE)
            break;

          resolve_branch (code->ext.dt->err, code);
          resolve_branch (code->ext.dt->end, code);
          resolve_branch (code->ext.dt->eor, code);
          break;

        case EXEC_TRANSFER:
          resolve_transfer (code);
          break;

        case EXEC_FORALL:
          resolve_forall_iterators (code->ext.forall_iterator);

          if (code->expr != NULL && code->expr->ts.type != BT_LOGICAL)
            gfc_error ("FORALL mask clause at %L requires a LOGICAL "
                       "expression", &code->expr->where);
          break;

        case EXEC_OMP_ATOMIC:
        case EXEC_OMP_BARRIER:
        case EXEC_OMP_CRITICAL:
        case EXEC_OMP_FLUSH:
        case EXEC_OMP_DO:
        case EXEC_OMP_MASTER:
        case EXEC_OMP_ORDERED:
        case EXEC_OMP_SECTIONS:
        case EXEC_OMP_SINGLE:
        case EXEC_OMP_WORKSHARE:
          gfc_resolve_omp_directive (code, ns);
          break;

        case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL:
        case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_DO:
        case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_SECTIONS:
        case EXEC_OMP_PARALLEL_WORKSHARE:
          omp_workshare_save = omp_workshare_flag;
          omp_workshare_flag = 0;
          gfc_resolve_omp_directive (code, ns);
          omp_workshare_flag = omp_workshare_save;
          break;

        default:
          gfc_internal_error ("resolve_code(): Bad statement code");
        }
    }

  cs_base = frame.prev;
}


/* Resolve initial values and make sure they are compatible with
   the variable.  */

static void
resolve_values (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  if (sym->value == NULL)
    return;

  if (gfc_resolve_expr (sym->value) == FAILURE)
    return;

  gfc_check_assign_symbol (sym, sym->value);
}


/* Verify the binding labels for common blocks that are BIND(C).  The label
   for a BIND(C) common block must be identical in all scoping units in which
   the common block is declared.  Further, the binding label can not collide
   with any other global entity in the program.  */

static void
resolve_bind_c_comms (gfc_symtree *comm_block_tree)
{
  if (comm_block_tree->n.common->is_bind_c == 1)
    {
      gfc_gsymbol *binding_label_gsym;
      gfc_gsymbol *comm_name_gsym;

      /* See if a global symbol exists by the common block's name.  It may
         be NULL if the common block is use-associated.  */
      comm_name_gsym = gfc_find_gsymbol (gfc_gsym_root,
                                         comm_block_tree->n.common->name);
      if (comm_name_gsym != NULL && comm_name_gsym->type != GSYM_COMMON)
        gfc_error ("Binding label '%s' for common block '%s' at %L collides "
                   "with the global entity '%s' at %L",
                   comm_block_tree->n.common->binding_label,
                   comm_block_tree->n.common->name,
                   &(comm_block_tree->n.common->where),
                   comm_name_gsym->name, &(comm_name_gsym->where));
      else if (comm_name_gsym != NULL
               && strcmp (comm_name_gsym->name,
                          comm_block_tree->n.common->name) == 0)
        {
          /* TODO: Need to make sure the fields of gfc_gsymbol are initialized
             as expected.  */
          if (comm_name_gsym->binding_label == NULL)
            /* No binding label for common block stored yet; save this one.  */
            comm_name_gsym->binding_label =
              comm_block_tree->n.common->binding_label;
          else
            if (strcmp (comm_name_gsym->binding_label,
                        comm_block_tree->n.common->binding_label) != 0)
              {
                /* Common block names match but binding labels do not.  */
                gfc_error ("Binding label '%s' for common block '%s' at %L "
                           "does not match the binding label '%s' for common "
                           "block '%s' at %L",
                           comm_block_tree->n.common->binding_label,
                           comm_block_tree->n.common->name,
                           &(comm_block_tree->n.common->where),
                           comm_name_gsym->binding_label,
                           comm_name_gsym->name,
                           &(comm_name_gsym->where));
                return;
              }
        }

      /* There is no binding label (NAME="") so we have nothing further to
         check and nothing to add as a global symbol for the label.  */
      if (comm_block_tree->n.common->binding_label[0] == '\0' )
        return;
      
      binding_label_gsym =
        gfc_find_gsymbol (gfc_gsym_root,
                          comm_block_tree->n.common->binding_label);
      if (binding_label_gsym == NULL)
        {
          /* Need to make a global symbol for the binding label to prevent
             it from colliding with another.  */
          binding_label_gsym =
            gfc_get_gsymbol (comm_block_tree->n.common->binding_label);
          binding_label_gsym->sym_name = comm_block_tree->n.common->name;
          binding_label_gsym->type = GSYM_COMMON;
        }
      else
        {
          /* If comm_name_gsym is NULL, the name common block is use
             associated and the name could be colliding.  */
          if (binding_label_gsym->type != GSYM_COMMON)
            gfc_error ("Binding label '%s' for common block '%s' at %L "
                       "collides with the global entity '%s' at %L",
                       comm_block_tree->n.common->binding_label,
                       comm_block_tree->n.common->name,
                       &(comm_block_tree->n.common->where),
                       binding_label_gsym->name,
                       &(binding_label_gsym->where));
          else if (comm_name_gsym != NULL
                   && (strcmp (binding_label_gsym->name,
                               comm_name_gsym->binding_label) != 0)
                   && (strcmp (binding_label_gsym->sym_name,
                               comm_name_gsym->name) != 0))
            gfc_error ("Binding label '%s' for common block '%s' at %L "
                       "collides with global entity '%s' at %L",
                       binding_label_gsym->name, binding_label_gsym->sym_name,
                       &(comm_block_tree->n.common->where),
                       comm_name_gsym->name, &(comm_name_gsym->where));
        }
    }
  
  return;
}


/* Verify any BIND(C) derived types in the namespace so we can report errors
   for them once, rather than for each variable declared of that type.  */

static void
resolve_bind_c_derived_types (gfc_symbol *derived_sym)
{
  if (derived_sym != NULL && derived_sym->attr.flavor == FL_DERIVED
      && derived_sym->attr.is_bind_c == 1)
    verify_bind_c_derived_type (derived_sym);
  
  return;
}


/* Verify that any binding labels used in a given namespace do not collide 
   with the names or binding labels of any global symbols.  */

static void
gfc_verify_binding_labels (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  int has_error = 0;
  
  if (sym != NULL && sym->attr.is_bind_c && sym->attr.is_iso_c == 0 
      && sym->attr.flavor != FL_DERIVED && sym->binding_label[0] != '\0')
    {
      gfc_gsymbol *bind_c_sym;

      bind_c_sym = gfc_find_gsymbol (gfc_gsym_root, sym->binding_label);
      if (bind_c_sym != NULL 
          && strcmp (bind_c_sym->name, sym->binding_label) == 0)
        {
          if (sym->attr.if_source == IFSRC_DECL 
              && (bind_c_sym->type != GSYM_SUBROUTINE 
                  && bind_c_sym->type != GSYM_FUNCTION) 
              && ((sym->attr.contained == 1 
                   && strcmp (bind_c_sym->sym_name, sym->name) != 0) 
                  || (sym->attr.use_assoc == 1 
                      && (strcmp (bind_c_sym->mod_name, sym->module) != 0))))
            {
              /* Make sure global procedures don't collide with anything.  */
              gfc_error ("Binding label '%s' at %L collides with the global "
                         "entity '%s' at %L", sym->binding_label,
                         &(sym->declared_at), bind_c_sym->name,
                         &(bind_c_sym->where));
              has_error = 1;
            }
          else if (sym->attr.contained == 0 
                   && (sym->attr.if_source == IFSRC_IFBODY 
                       && sym->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE) 
                   && (bind_c_sym->sym_name != NULL 
                       && strcmp (bind_c_sym->sym_name, sym->name) != 0))
            {
              /* Make sure procedures in interface bodies don't collide.  */
              gfc_error ("Binding label '%s' in interface body at %L collides "
                         "with the global entity '%s' at %L",
                         sym->binding_label,
                         &(sym->declared_at), bind_c_sym->name,
                         &(bind_c_sym->where));
              has_error = 1;
            }
          else if (sym->attr.contained == 0 
                   && (sym->attr.if_source == IFSRC_UNKNOWN))
            if ((sym->attr.use_assoc 
                 && (strcmp (bind_c_sym->mod_name, sym->module) != 0)) 
                || sym->attr.use_assoc == 0)
              {
                gfc_error ("Binding label '%s' at %L collides with global "
                           "entity '%s' at %L", sym->binding_label,
                           &(sym->declared_at), bind_c_sym->name,
                           &(bind_c_sym->where));
                has_error = 1;
              }

          if (has_error != 0)
            /* Clear the binding label to prevent checking multiple times.  */
            sym->binding_label[0] = '\0';
        }
      else if (bind_c_sym == NULL)
        {
          bind_c_sym = gfc_get_gsymbol (sym->binding_label);
          bind_c_sym->where = sym->declared_at;
          bind_c_sym->sym_name = sym->name;

          if (sym->attr.use_assoc == 1)
            bind_c_sym->mod_name = sym->module;
          else
            if (sym->ns->proc_name != NULL)
              bind_c_sym->mod_name = sym->ns->proc_name->name;

          if (sym->attr.contained == 0)
            {
              if (sym->attr.subroutine)
                bind_c_sym->type = GSYM_SUBROUTINE;
              else if (sym->attr.function)
                bind_c_sym->type = GSYM_FUNCTION;
            }
        }
    }
  return;
}


/* Resolve an index expression.  */

static try
resolve_index_expr (gfc_expr *e)
{
  if (gfc_resolve_expr (e) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (gfc_simplify_expr (e, 0) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (gfc_specification_expr (e) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  return SUCCESS;
}

/* Resolve a charlen structure.  */

static try
resolve_charlen (gfc_charlen *cl)
{
  int i;

  if (cl->resolved)
    return SUCCESS;

  cl->resolved = 1;

  specification_expr = 1;

  if (resolve_index_expr (cl->length) == FAILURE)
    {
      specification_expr = 0;
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* "If the character length parameter value evaluates to a negative
     value, the length of character entities declared is zero."  */
  if (cl->length && !gfc_extract_int (cl->length, &i) && i <= 0)
    {
      gfc_warning_now ("CHARACTER variable has zero length at %L",
                       &cl->length->where);
      gfc_replace_expr (cl->length, gfc_int_expr (0));
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Test for non-constant shape arrays.  */

static bool
is_non_constant_shape_array (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_expr *e;
  int i;
  bool not_constant;

  not_constant = false;
  if (sym->as != NULL)
    {
      /* Unfortunately, !gfc_is_compile_time_shape hits a legal case that
         has not been simplified; parameter array references.  Do the
         simplification now.  */
      for (i = 0; i < sym->as->rank; i++)
        {
          e = sym->as->lower[i];
          if (e && (resolve_index_expr (e) == FAILURE
                    || !gfc_is_constant_expr (e)))
            not_constant = true;

          e = sym->as->upper[i];
          if (e && (resolve_index_expr (e) == FAILURE
                    || !gfc_is_constant_expr (e)))
            not_constant = true;
        }
    }
  return not_constant;
}


/* Assign the default initializer to a derived type variable or result.  */

static void
apply_default_init (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_expr *lval;
  gfc_expr *init = NULL;
  gfc_code *init_st;
  gfc_namespace *ns = sym->ns;

  if (sym->attr.flavor != FL_VARIABLE && !sym->attr.function)
    return;

  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && sym->ts.derived)
    init = gfc_default_initializer (&sym->ts);

  if (init == NULL)
    return;

  /* Search for the function namespace if this is a contained
     function without an explicit result.  */
  if (sym->attr.function && sym == sym->result
      && sym->name != sym->ns->proc_name->name)
    {
      ns = ns->contained;
      for (;ns; ns = ns->sibling)
        if (strcmp (ns->proc_name->name, sym->name) == 0)
          break;
    }

  if (ns == NULL)
    {
      gfc_free_expr (init);
      return;
    }

  /* Build an l-value expression for the result.  */
  lval = gfc_get_expr ();
  lval->expr_type = EXPR_VARIABLE;
  lval->where = sym->declared_at;
  lval->ts = sym->ts;
  lval->symtree = gfc_find_symtree (sym->ns->sym_root, sym->name);

  /* It will always be a full array.  */
  lval->rank = sym->as ? sym->as->rank : 0;
  if (lval->rank)
    {
      lval->ref = gfc_get_ref ();
      lval->ref->type = REF_ARRAY;
      lval->ref->u.ar.type = AR_FULL;
      lval->ref->u.ar.dimen = lval->rank;
      lval->ref->u.ar.where = sym->declared_at;
      lval->ref->u.ar.as = sym->as;
    }

  /* Add the code at scope entry.  */
  init_st = gfc_get_code ();
  init_st->next = ns->code;
  ns->code = init_st;

  /* Assign the default initializer to the l-value.  */
  init_st->loc = sym->declared_at;
  init_st->op = EXEC_INIT_ASSIGN;
  init_st->expr = lval;
  init_st->expr2 = init;
}


/* Resolution of common features of flavors variable and procedure.  */

static try
resolve_fl_var_and_proc (gfc_symbol *sym, int mp_flag)
{
  /* Constraints on deferred shape variable.  */
  if (sym->as == NULL || sym->as->type != AS_DEFERRED)
    {
      if (sym->attr.allocatable)
        {
          if (sym->attr.dimension)
            gfc_error ("Allocatable array '%s' at %L must have "
                       "a deferred shape", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          else
            gfc_error ("Scalar object '%s' at %L may not be ALLOCATABLE",
                       sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
            return FAILURE;
        }

      if (sym->attr.pointer && sym->attr.dimension)
        {
          gfc_error ("Array pointer '%s' at %L must have a deferred shape",
                     sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }

    }
  else
    {
      if (!mp_flag && !sym->attr.allocatable
          && !sym->attr.pointer && !sym->attr.dummy)
        {
          gfc_error ("Array '%s' at %L cannot have a deferred shape",
                     sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
         }
    }
  return SUCCESS;
}


static gfc_component *
has_default_initializer (gfc_symbol *der)
{
  gfc_component *c;
  for (c = der->components; c; c = c->next)
    if ((c->ts.type != BT_DERIVED && c->initializer)
        || (c->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
              && !c->pointer
              && has_default_initializer (c->ts.derived)))
      break;

  return c;
}


/* Resolve symbols with flavor variable.  */

static try
resolve_fl_variable (gfc_symbol *sym, int mp_flag)
{
  int flag;
  int i;
  gfc_expr *e;
  gfc_component *c;
  const char *auto_save_msg;

  auto_save_msg = "automatic object '%s' at %L cannot have the "
                  "SAVE attribute";

  if (resolve_fl_var_and_proc (sym, mp_flag) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  /* Set this flag to check that variables are parameters of all entries.
     This check is effected by the call to gfc_resolve_expr through
     is_non_constant_shape_array.  */
  specification_expr = 1;

  if (!sym->attr.use_assoc
      && !sym->attr.allocatable
      && !sym->attr.pointer
      && is_non_constant_shape_array (sym))
    {
        /* The shape of a main program or module array needs to be
           constant.  */
        if (sym->ns->proc_name
            && (sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_MODULE
                || sym->ns->proc_name->attr.is_main_program))
          {
            gfc_error ("The module or main program array '%s' at %L must "
                       "have constant shape", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
            specification_expr = 0;
            return FAILURE;
          }
    }

  if (sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
    {
      /* Make sure that character string variables with assumed length are
         dummy arguments.  */
      e = sym->ts.cl->length;
      if (e == NULL && !sym->attr.dummy && !sym->attr.result)
        {
          gfc_error ("Entity with assumed character length at %L must be a "
                     "dummy argument or a PARAMETER", &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (e && sym->attr.save && !gfc_is_constant_expr (e))
        {
          gfc_error (auto_save_msg, sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (!gfc_is_constant_expr (e)
          && !(e->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE
               && e->symtree->n.sym->attr.flavor == FL_PARAMETER)
          && sym->ns->proc_name
          && (sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_MODULE
              || sym->ns->proc_name->attr.is_main_program)
          && !sym->attr.use_assoc)
        {
          gfc_error ("'%s' at %L must have constant character length "
                     "in this context", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  /* Can the symbol have an initializer?  */
  flag = 0;
  if (sym->attr.allocatable || sym->attr.external || sym->attr.dummy
        || sym->attr.intrinsic || sym->attr.result)
    flag = 1;
  else if (sym->attr.dimension && !sym->attr.pointer)
    {
      /* Don't allow initialization of automatic arrays.  */
      for (i = 0; i < sym->as->rank; i++)
        {
          if (sym->as->lower[i] == NULL
              || sym->as->lower[i]->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT
              || sym->as->upper[i] == NULL
              || sym->as->upper[i]->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
            {
              flag = 2;
              break;
            }
        }

      /* Also, they must not have the SAVE attribute.
         SAVE_IMPLICIT is checked below.  */
      if (flag && sym->attr.save == SAVE_EXPLICIT)
        {
          gfc_error (auto_save_msg, sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }
  }

  /* Reject illegal initializers.  */
  if (sym->value && flag)
    {
      if (sym->attr.allocatable)
        gfc_error ("Allocatable '%s' at %L cannot have an initializer",
                   sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      else if (sym->attr.external)
        gfc_error ("External '%s' at %L cannot have an initializer",
                   sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      else if (sym->attr.dummy
        && !(sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && sym->attr.intent == INTENT_OUT))
        gfc_error ("Dummy '%s' at %L cannot have an initializer",
                   sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      else if (sym->attr.intrinsic)
        gfc_error ("Intrinsic '%s' at %L cannot have an initializer",
                   sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      else if (sym->attr.result)
        gfc_error ("Function result '%s' at %L cannot have an initializer",
                   sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      else if (flag == 2)
        gfc_error ("Automatic array '%s' at %L cannot have an initializer",
                   sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      else
        goto no_init_error;
      return FAILURE;
    }

no_init_error:
  /* Check to see if a derived type is blocked from being host associated
     by the presence of another class I symbol in the same namespace.
     14.6.1.3 of the standard and the discussion on comp.lang.fortran.  */
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && sym->ns != sym->ts.derived->ns
        && sym->ns->proc_name->attr.if_source != IFSRC_IFBODY)
    {
      gfc_symbol *s;
      gfc_find_symbol (sym->ts.derived->name, sym->ns, 0, &s);
      if (s && (s->attr.flavor != FL_DERIVED
                || !gfc_compare_derived_types (s, sym->ts.derived)))
        {
          gfc_error ("The type %s cannot be host associated at %L because "
                     "it is blocked by an incompatible object of the same "
                     "name at %L", sym->ts.derived->name, &sym->declared_at,
                     &s->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  /* Do not use gfc_default_initializer to test for a default initializer
     in the fortran because it generates a hidden default for allocatable
     components.  */
  c = NULL;
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && !(sym->value || flag))
    c = has_default_initializer (sym->ts.derived);

  /* 4th constraint in section 11.3:  "If an object of a type for which
     component-initialization is specified (R429) appears in the
     specification-part of a module and does not have the ALLOCATABLE
     or POINTER attribute, the object shall have the SAVE attribute."  */
  if (c && sym->ns->proc_name
      && sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_MODULE
      && !sym->ns->save_all && !sym->attr.save
      && !sym->attr.pointer && !sym->attr.allocatable)
    {
      gfc_error("Object '%s' at %L must have the SAVE attribute %s",
                sym->name, &sym->declared_at,
                "for default initialization of a component");
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* Assign default initializer.  */
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
      && !sym->value
      && !sym->attr.pointer
      && !sym->attr.allocatable
      && (!flag || sym->attr.intent == INTENT_OUT))
    sym->value = gfc_default_initializer (&sym->ts);

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve a procedure.  */

static try
resolve_fl_procedure (gfc_symbol *sym, int mp_flag)
{
  gfc_formal_arglist *arg;

  if (sym->attr.ambiguous_interfaces && !sym->attr.referenced)
    gfc_warning ("Although not referenced, '%s' at %L has ambiguous "
                 "interfaces", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);

  if (sym->attr.function
      && resolve_fl_var_and_proc (sym, mp_flag) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  if (sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
    {
      gfc_charlen *cl = sym->ts.cl;

      if (cl && cl->length && gfc_is_constant_expr (cl->length)
             && resolve_charlen (cl) == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;

      if (!cl || !cl->length || cl->length->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
        {
          if (sym->attr.proc == PROC_ST_FUNCTION)
            {
              gfc_error ("Character-valued statement function '%s' at %L must "
                         "have constant length", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
              return FAILURE;
            }

          if (sym->attr.external && sym->formal == NULL
              && cl && cl->length && cl->length->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
            {
              gfc_error ("Automatic character length function '%s' at %L must "
                         "have an explicit interface", sym->name,
                         &sym->declared_at);
              return FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }

  /* Ensure that derived type for are not of a private type.  Internal
     module procedures are excluded by 2.2.3.3 - ie. they are not
     externally accessible and can access all the objects accessible in
     the host.  */
  if (!(sym->ns->parent
        && sym->ns->parent->proc_name->attr.flavor == FL_MODULE)
      && gfc_check_access(sym->attr.access, sym->ns->default_access))
    {
      for (arg = sym->formal; arg; arg = arg->next)
        {
          if (arg->sym
              && arg->sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
              && !arg->sym->ts.derived->attr.use_assoc
              && !gfc_check_access (arg->sym->ts.derived->attr.access,
                                    arg->sym->ts.derived->ns->default_access))
            {
              gfc_error_now ("'%s' is of a PRIVATE type and cannot be "
                             "a dummy argument of '%s', which is "
                             "PUBLIC at %L", arg->sym->name, sym->name,
                             &sym->declared_at);
              /* Stop this message from recurring.  */
              arg->sym->ts.derived->attr.access = ACCESS_PUBLIC;
              return FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }

  /* An external symbol may not have an initializer because it is taken to be
     a procedure.  */
  if (sym->attr.external && sym->value)
    {
      gfc_error ("External object '%s' at %L may not have an initializer",
                 sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* An elemental function is required to return a scalar 12.7.1  */
  if (sym->attr.elemental && sym->attr.function && sym->as)
    {
      gfc_error ("ELEMENTAL function '%s' at %L must have a scalar "
                 "result", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      /* Reset so that the error only occurs once.  */
      sym->attr.elemental = 0;
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* 5.1.1.5 of the Standard: A function name declared with an asterisk
     char-len-param shall not be array-valued, pointer-valued, recursive
     or pure.  ....snip... A character value of * may only be used in the
     following ways: (i) Dummy arg of procedure - dummy associates with
     actual length; (ii) To declare a named constant; or (iii) External
     function - but length must be declared in calling scoping unit.  */
  if (sym->attr.function
      && sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER
      && sym->ts.cl && sym->ts.cl->length == NULL)
    {
      if ((sym->as && sym->as->rank) || (sym->attr.pointer)
          || (sym->attr.recursive) || (sym->attr.pure))
        {
          if (sym->as && sym->as->rank)
            gfc_error ("CHARACTER(*) function '%s' at %L cannot be "
                       "array-valued", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);

          if (sym->attr.pointer)
            gfc_error ("CHARACTER(*) function '%s' at %L cannot be "
                       "pointer-valued", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);

          if (sym->attr.pure)
            gfc_error ("CHARACTER(*) function '%s' at %L cannot be "
                       "pure", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);

          if (sym->attr.recursive)
            gfc_error ("CHARACTER(*) function '%s' at %L cannot be "
                       "recursive", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);

          return FAILURE;
        }

      /* Appendix B.2 of the standard.  Contained functions give an
         error anyway.  Fixed-form is likely to be F77/legacy.  */
      if (!sym->attr.contained && gfc_current_form != FORM_FIXED)
        gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F95_OBS, "CHARACTER(*) function "
                        "'%s' at %L is obsolescent in fortran 95",
                        sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
    }

  if (sym->attr.is_bind_c && sym->attr.is_c_interop != 1)
    {
      gfc_formal_arglist *curr_arg;

      if (verify_bind_c_sym (sym, &(sym->ts), sym->attr.in_common,
                             sym->common_block) == FAILURE)
        {
          /* Clear these to prevent looking at them again if there was an
             error.  */
          sym->attr.is_bind_c = 0;
          sym->attr.is_c_interop = 0;
          sym->ts.is_c_interop = 0;
        }
      else
        {
          /* So far, no errors have been found.  */
          sym->attr.is_c_interop = 1;
          sym->ts.is_c_interop = 1;
        }
      
      curr_arg = sym->formal;
      while (curr_arg != NULL)
        {
          /* Skip implicitly typed dummy args here.  */
          if (curr_arg->sym->attr.implicit_type == 0
              && verify_c_interop_param (curr_arg->sym) == FAILURE)
            {
              /* If something is found to fail, mark the symbol for the
                 procedure as not being BIND(C) to try and prevent multiple
                 errors being reported.  */
              sym->attr.is_c_interop = 0;
              sym->ts.is_c_interop = 0;
              sym->attr.is_bind_c = 0;
            }
          curr_arg = curr_arg->next;
        }
    }
  
  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve the components of a derived type.  */

static try
resolve_fl_derived (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_component *c;
  gfc_dt_list * dt_list;
  int i;

  for (c = sym->components; c != NULL; c = c->next)
    {
      if (c->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
        {
         if (c->ts.cl->length == NULL
             || (resolve_charlen (c->ts.cl) == FAILURE)
             || !gfc_is_constant_expr (c->ts.cl->length))
           {
             gfc_error ("Character length of component '%s' needs to "
                        "be a constant specification expression at %L",
                        c->name,
                        c->ts.cl->length ? &c->ts.cl->length->where : &c->loc);
             return FAILURE;
           }
        }

      if (c->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
          && sym->component_access != ACCESS_PRIVATE
          && gfc_check_access (sym->attr.access, sym->ns->default_access)
          && !c->ts.derived->attr.use_assoc
          && !gfc_check_access (c->ts.derived->attr.access,
                                c->ts.derived->ns->default_access))
        {
          gfc_error ("The component '%s' is a PRIVATE type and cannot be "
                     "a component of '%s', which is PUBLIC at %L",
                     c->name, sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (sym->attr.sequence)
        {
          if (c->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && c->ts.derived->attr.sequence == 0)
            {
              gfc_error ("Component %s of SEQUENCE type declared at %L does "
                         "not have the SEQUENCE attribute",
                         c->ts.derived->name, &sym->declared_at);
              return FAILURE;
            }
        }

      if (c->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && c->pointer
          && c->ts.derived->components == NULL)
        {
          gfc_error ("The pointer component '%s' of '%s' at %L is a type "
                     "that has not been declared", c->name, sym->name,
                     &c->loc);
          return FAILURE;
        }

      if (c->pointer || c->allocatable ||  c->as == NULL)
        continue;

      for (i = 0; i < c->as->rank; i++)
        {
          if (c->as->lower[i] == NULL
              || !gfc_is_constant_expr (c->as->lower[i])
              || (resolve_index_expr (c->as->lower[i]) == FAILURE)
              || c->as->upper[i] == NULL
              || (resolve_index_expr (c->as->upper[i]) == FAILURE)
              || !gfc_is_constant_expr (c->as->upper[i]))
            {
              gfc_error ("Component '%s' of '%s' at %L must have "
                         "constant array bounds",
                         c->name, sym->name, &c->loc);
              return FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }

  /* Add derived type to the derived type list.  */
  for (dt_list = gfc_derived_types; dt_list; dt_list = dt_list->next)
    if (sym == dt_list->derived)
      break;

  if (dt_list == NULL)
    {
      dt_list = gfc_get_dt_list ();
      dt_list->next = gfc_derived_types;
      dt_list->derived = sym;
      gfc_derived_types = dt_list;
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


static try
resolve_fl_namelist (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_namelist *nl;
  gfc_symbol *nlsym;

  /* Reject PRIVATE objects in a PUBLIC namelist.  */
  if (gfc_check_access(sym->attr.access, sym->ns->default_access))
    {
      for (nl = sym->namelist; nl; nl = nl->next)
        {
          if (!nl->sym->attr.use_assoc
              && !(sym->ns->parent == nl->sym->ns)
              && !gfc_check_access(nl->sym->attr.access,
                                   nl->sym->ns->default_access))
            {
              gfc_error ("PRIVATE symbol '%s' cannot be member of "
                         "PUBLIC namelist at %L", nl->sym->name,
                         &sym->declared_at);
              return FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }

  /* Reject namelist arrays that are not constant shape.  */
  for (nl = sym->namelist; nl; nl = nl->next)
    {
      if (is_non_constant_shape_array (nl->sym))
        {
          gfc_error ("The array '%s' must have constant shape to be "
                     "a NAMELIST object at %L", nl->sym->name,
                     &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  /* Namelist objects cannot have allocatable components.  */
  for (nl = sym->namelist; nl; nl = nl->next)
    {
      if (nl->sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
          && nl->sym->ts.derived->attr.alloc_comp)
        {
          gfc_error ("NAMELIST object '%s' at %L cannot have ALLOCATABLE "
                     "components", nl->sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  /* 14.1.2 A module or internal procedure represent local entities
     of the same type as a namelist member and so are not allowed.  */
  for (nl = sym->namelist; nl; nl = nl->next)
    {
      if (nl->sym->ts.kind != 0 && nl->sym->attr.flavor == FL_VARIABLE)
        continue;

      if (nl->sym->attr.function && nl->sym == nl->sym->result)
        if ((nl->sym == sym->ns->proc_name)
               ||
            (sym->ns->parent && nl->sym == sym->ns->parent->proc_name))
          continue;

      nlsym = NULL;
      if (nl->sym && nl->sym->name)
        gfc_find_symbol (nl->sym->name, sym->ns, 1, &nlsym);
      if (nlsym && nlsym->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE)
        {
          gfc_error ("PROCEDURE attribute conflicts with NAMELIST "
                     "attribute in '%s' at %L", nlsym->name,
                     &sym->declared_at);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


static try
resolve_fl_parameter (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  /* A parameter array's shape needs to be constant.  */
  if (sym->as != NULL && !gfc_is_compile_time_shape (sym->as))
    {
      gfc_error ("Parameter array '%s' at %L cannot be automatic "
                 "or assumed shape", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* Make sure a parameter that has been implicitly typed still
     matches the implicit type, since PARAMETER statements can precede
     IMPLICIT statements.  */
  if (sym->attr.implicit_type
      && !gfc_compare_types (&sym->ts, gfc_get_default_type (sym, sym->ns)))
    {
      gfc_error ("Implicitly typed PARAMETER '%s' at %L doesn't match a "
                 "later IMPLICIT type", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* Make sure the types of derived parameters are consistent.  This
     type checking is deferred until resolution because the type may
     refer to a derived type from the host.  */
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
      && !gfc_compare_types (&sym->ts, &sym->value->ts))
    {
      gfc_error ("Incompatible derived type in PARAMETER at %L",
                 &sym->value->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }
  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Do anything necessary to resolve a symbol.  Right now, we just
   assume that an otherwise unknown symbol is a variable.  This sort
   of thing commonly happens for symbols in module.  */

static void
resolve_symbol (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  int check_constant, mp_flag;
  gfc_symtree *symtree;
  gfc_symtree *this_symtree;
  gfc_namespace *ns;
  gfc_component *c;

  if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_UNKNOWN)
    {

    /* If we find that a flavorless symbol is an interface in one of the
       parent namespaces, find its symtree in this namespace, free the
       symbol and set the symtree to point to the interface symbol.  */
      for (ns = gfc_current_ns->parent; ns; ns = ns->parent)
        {
          symtree = gfc_find_symtree (ns->sym_root, sym->name);
          if (symtree && symtree->n.sym->generic)
            {
              this_symtree = gfc_find_symtree (gfc_current_ns->sym_root,
                                               sym->name);
              sym->refs--;
              if (!sym->refs)
                gfc_free_symbol (sym);
              symtree->n.sym->refs++;
              this_symtree->n.sym = symtree->n.sym;
              return;
            }
        }

      /* Otherwise give it a flavor according to such attributes as
         it has.  */
      if (sym->attr.external == 0 && sym->attr.intrinsic == 0)
        sym->attr.flavor = FL_VARIABLE;
      else
        {
          sym->attr.flavor = FL_PROCEDURE;
          if (sym->attr.dimension)
            sym->attr.function = 1;
        }
    }

  if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_DERIVED && resolve_fl_derived (sym) == FAILURE)
    return;

  /* Symbols that are module procedures with results (functions) have
     the types and array specification copied for type checking in
     procedures that call them, as well as for saving to a module
     file.  These symbols can't stand the scrutiny that their results
     can.  */
  mp_flag = (sym->result != NULL && sym->result != sym);


  /* Make sure that the intrinsic is consistent with its internal 
     representation. This needs to be done before assigning a default 
     type to avoid spurious warnings.  */
  if (sym->attr.flavor != FL_MODULE && sym->attr.intrinsic)
    {
      if (gfc_intrinsic_name (sym->name, 0))
        {
          if (sym->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN && gfc_option.warn_surprising)
            gfc_warning ("Type specified for intrinsic function '%s' at %L is ignored",
                         sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
        }
      else if (gfc_intrinsic_name (sym->name, 1))
        {
          if (sym->ts.type != BT_UNKNOWN)
            {
              gfc_error ("Intrinsic subroutine '%s' at %L shall not have a type specifier", 
                         sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
              return;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          gfc_error ("Intrinsic '%s' at %L does not exist", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return;
        }
     }

  /* Assign default type to symbols that need one and don't have one.  */
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN)
    {
      if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_VARIABLE || sym->attr.flavor == FL_PARAMETER)
        gfc_set_default_type (sym, 1, NULL);

      if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE && sym->attr.function)
        {
          /* The specific case of an external procedure should emit an error
             in the case that there is no implicit type.  */
          if (!mp_flag)
            gfc_set_default_type (sym, sym->attr.external, NULL);
          else
            {
              /* Result may be in another namespace.  */
              resolve_symbol (sym->result);

              sym->ts = sym->result->ts;
              sym->as = gfc_copy_array_spec (sym->result->as);
              sym->attr.dimension = sym->result->attr.dimension;
              sym->attr.pointer = sym->result->attr.pointer;
              sym->attr.allocatable = sym->result->attr.allocatable;
            }
        }
    }

  /* Assumed size arrays and assumed shape arrays must be dummy
     arguments.  */

  if (sym->as != NULL
      && (sym->as->type == AS_ASSUMED_SIZE
          || sym->as->type == AS_ASSUMED_SHAPE)
      && sym->attr.dummy == 0)
    {
      if (sym->as->type == AS_ASSUMED_SIZE)
        gfc_error ("Assumed size array at %L must be a dummy argument",
                   &sym->declared_at);
      else
        gfc_error ("Assumed shape array at %L must be a dummy argument",
                   &sym->declared_at);
      return;
    }

  /* Make sure symbols with known intent or optional are really dummy
     variable.  Because of ENTRY statement, this has to be deferred
     until resolution time.  */

  if (!sym->attr.dummy
      && (sym->attr.optional || sym->attr.intent != INTENT_UNKNOWN))
    {
      gfc_error ("Symbol at %L is not a DUMMY variable", &sym->declared_at);
      return;
    }

  if (sym->attr.value && !sym->attr.dummy)
    {
      gfc_error ("'%s' at %L cannot have the VALUE attribute because "
                 "it is not a dummy argument", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      return;
    }

  if (sym->attr.value && sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER)
    {
      gfc_charlen *cl = sym->ts.cl;
      if (!cl || !cl->length || cl->length->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
        {
          gfc_error ("Character dummy variable '%s' at %L with VALUE "
                     "attribute must have constant length",
                     sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return;
        }

      if (sym->ts.is_c_interop
          && mpz_cmp_si (cl->length->value.integer, 1) != 0)
        {
          gfc_error ("C interoperable character dummy variable '%s' at %L "
                     "with VALUE attribute must have length one",
                     sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          return;
        }
    }

  /* If the symbol is marked as bind(c), verify it's type and kind.  Do not
     do this for something that was implicitly typed because that is handled
     in gfc_set_default_type.  Handle dummy arguments and procedure
     definitions separately.  Also, anything that is use associated is not
     handled here but instead is handled in the module it is declared in.
     Finally, derived type definitions are allowed to be BIND(C) since that
     only implies that they're interoperable, and they are checked fully for
     interoperability when a variable is declared of that type.  */
  if (sym->attr.is_bind_c && sym->attr.implicit_type == 0 &&
      sym->attr.use_assoc == 0 && sym->attr.dummy == 0 &&
      sym->attr.flavor != FL_PROCEDURE && sym->attr.flavor != FL_DERIVED)
    {
      try t = SUCCESS;
      
      /* First, make sure the variable is declared at the
         module-level scope (J3/04-007, Section 15.3).  */
      if (sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor != FL_MODULE &&
          sym->attr.in_common == 0)
        {
          gfc_error ("Variable '%s' at %L cannot be BIND(C) because it "
                     "is neither a COMMON block nor declared at the "
                     "module level scope", sym->name, &(sym->declared_at));
          t = FAILURE;
        }
      else if (sym->common_head != NULL)
        {
          t = verify_com_block_vars_c_interop (sym->common_head);
        }
      else
        {
          /* If type() declaration, we need to verify that the components
             of the given type are all C interoperable, etc.  */
          if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED &&
              sym->ts.derived->attr.is_c_interop != 1)
            {
              /* Make sure the user marked the derived type as BIND(C).  If
                 not, call the verify routine.  This could print an error
                 for the derived type more than once if multiple variables
                 of that type are declared.  */
              if (sym->ts.derived->attr.is_bind_c != 1)
                verify_bind_c_derived_type (sym->ts.derived);
              t = FAILURE;
            }
          
          /* Verify the variable itself as C interoperable if it
             is BIND(C).  It is not possible for this to succeed if
             the verify_bind_c_derived_type failed, so don't have to handle
             any error returned by verify_bind_c_derived_type.  */
          t = verify_bind_c_sym (sym, &(sym->ts), sym->attr.in_common,
                                 sym->common_block);
        }

      if (t == FAILURE)
        {
          /* clear the is_bind_c flag to prevent reporting errors more than
             once if something failed.  */
          sym->attr.is_bind_c = 0;
          return;
        }
    }

  /* If a derived type symbol has reached this point, without its
     type being declared, we have an error.  Notice that most
     conditions that produce undefined derived types have already
     been dealt with.  However, the likes of:
     implicit type(t) (t) ..... call foo (t) will get us here if
     the type is not declared in the scope of the implicit
     statement. Change the type to BT_UNKNOWN, both because it is so
     and to prevent an ICE.  */
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && sym->ts.derived->components == NULL)
    {
      gfc_error ("The derived type '%s' at %L is of type '%s', "
                 "which has not been defined", sym->name,
                  &sym->declared_at, sym->ts.derived->name);
      sym->ts.type = BT_UNKNOWN;
      return;
    }

  /* An assumed-size array with INTENT(OUT) shall not be of a type for which
     default initialization is defined (5.1.2.4.4).  */
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
      && sym->attr.dummy
      && sym->attr.intent == INTENT_OUT
      && sym->as
      && sym->as->type == AS_ASSUMED_SIZE)
    {
      for (c = sym->ts.derived->components; c; c = c->next)
        {
          if (c->initializer)
            {
              gfc_error ("The INTENT(OUT) dummy argument '%s' at %L is "
                         "ASSUMED SIZE and so cannot have a default initializer",
                         sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
              return;
            }
        }
    }

  switch (sym->attr.flavor)
    {
    case FL_VARIABLE:
      if (resolve_fl_variable (sym, mp_flag) == FAILURE)
        return;
      break;

    case FL_PROCEDURE:
      if (resolve_fl_procedure (sym, mp_flag) == FAILURE)
        return;
      break;

    case FL_NAMELIST:
      if (resolve_fl_namelist (sym) == FAILURE)
        return;
      break;

    case FL_PARAMETER:
      if (resolve_fl_parameter (sym) == FAILURE)
        return;
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  /* Resolve array specifier. Check as well some constraints
     on COMMON blocks.  */

  check_constant = sym->attr.in_common && !sym->attr.pointer;

  /* Set the formal_arg_flag so that check_conflict will not throw
     an error for host associated variables in the specification
     expression for an array_valued function.  */
  if (sym->attr.function && sym->as)
    formal_arg_flag = 1;

  gfc_resolve_array_spec (sym->as, check_constant);

  formal_arg_flag = 0;

  /* Resolve formal namespaces.  */
  if (sym->formal_ns && sym->formal_ns != gfc_current_ns)
    gfc_resolve (sym->formal_ns);

  /* Check threadprivate restrictions.  */
  if (sym->attr.threadprivate && !sym->attr.save && !sym->ns->save_all
      && (!sym->attr.in_common
          && sym->module == NULL
          && (sym->ns->proc_name == NULL
              || sym->ns->proc_name->attr.flavor != FL_MODULE)))
    gfc_error ("Threadprivate at %L isn't SAVEd", &sym->declared_at);

  /* If we have come this far we can apply default-initializers, as
     described in 14.7.5, to those variables that have not already
     been assigned one.  */
  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED
      && sym->attr.referenced
      && sym->ns == gfc_current_ns
      && !sym->value
      && !sym->attr.allocatable
      && !sym->attr.alloc_comp)
    {
      symbol_attribute *a = &sym->attr;

      if ((!a->save && !a->dummy && !a->pointer
           && !a->in_common && !a->use_assoc
           && !(a->function && sym != sym->result))
          || (a->dummy && a->intent == INTENT_OUT))
        apply_default_init (sym);
    }
}


/************* Resolve DATA statements *************/

static struct
{
  gfc_data_value *vnode;
  unsigned int left;
}
values;


/* Advance the values structure to point to the next value in the data list.  */

static try
next_data_value (void)
{
  while (values.left == 0)
    {
      if (values.vnode->next == NULL)
        return FAILURE;

      values.vnode = values.vnode->next;
      values.left = values.vnode->repeat;
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


static try
check_data_variable (gfc_data_variable *var, locus *where)
{
  gfc_expr *e;
  mpz_t size;
  mpz_t offset;
  try t;
  ar_type mark = AR_UNKNOWN;
  int i;
  mpz_t section_index[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
  gfc_ref *ref;
  gfc_array_ref *ar;

  if (gfc_resolve_expr (var->expr) == FAILURE)
    return FAILURE;

  ar = NULL;
  mpz_init_set_si (offset, 0);
  e = var->expr;

  if (e->expr_type != EXPR_VARIABLE)
    gfc_internal_error ("check_data_variable(): Bad expression");

  if (e->symtree->n.sym->ns->is_block_data
      && !e->symtree->n.sym->attr.in_common)
    {
      gfc_error ("BLOCK DATA element '%s' at %L must be in COMMON",
                 e->symtree->n.sym->name, &e->symtree->n.sym->declared_at);
    }

  if (e->rank == 0)
    {
      mpz_init_set_ui (size, 1);
      ref = NULL;
    }
  else
    {
      ref = e->ref;

      /* Find the array section reference.  */
      for (ref = e->ref; ref; ref = ref->next)
        {
          if (ref->type != REF_ARRAY)
            continue;
          if (ref->u.ar.type == AR_ELEMENT)
            continue;
          break;
        }
      gcc_assert (ref);

      /* Set marks according to the reference pattern.  */
      switch (ref->u.ar.type)
        {
        case AR_FULL:
          mark = AR_FULL;
          break;

        case AR_SECTION:
          ar = &ref->u.ar;
          /* Get the start position of array section.  */
          gfc_get_section_index (ar, section_index, &offset);
          mark = AR_SECTION;
          break;

        default:
          gcc_unreachable ();
        }

      if (gfc_array_size (e, &size) == FAILURE)
        {
          gfc_error ("Nonconstant array section at %L in DATA statement",
                     &e->where);
          mpz_clear (offset);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  t = SUCCESS;

  while (mpz_cmp_ui (size, 0) > 0)
    {
      if (next_data_value () == FAILURE)
        {
          gfc_error ("DATA statement at %L has more variables than values",
                     where);
          t = FAILURE;
          break;
        }

      t = gfc_check_assign (var->expr, values.vnode->expr, 0);
      if (t == FAILURE)
        break;

      /* If we have more than one element left in the repeat count,
         and we have more than one element left in the target variable,
         then create a range assignment.  */
      /* ??? Only done for full arrays for now, since array sections
         seem tricky.  */
      if (mark == AR_FULL && ref && ref->next == NULL
          && values.left > 1 && mpz_cmp_ui (size, 1) > 0)
        {
          mpz_t range;

          if (mpz_cmp_ui (size, values.left) >= 0)
            {
              mpz_init_set_ui (range, values.left);
              mpz_sub_ui (size, size, values.left);
              values.left = 0;
            }
          else
            {
              mpz_init_set (range, size);
              values.left -= mpz_get_ui (size);
              mpz_set_ui (size, 0);
            }

          gfc_assign_data_value_range (var->expr, values.vnode->expr,
                                       offset, range);

          mpz_add (offset, offset, range);
          mpz_clear (range);
        }

      /* Assign initial value to symbol.  */
      else
        {
          values.left -= 1;
          mpz_sub_ui (size, size, 1);

          t = gfc_assign_data_value (var->expr, values.vnode->expr, offset);
          if (t == FAILURE)
            break;

          if (mark == AR_FULL)
            mpz_add_ui (offset, offset, 1);

          /* Modify the array section indexes and recalculate the offset
             for next element.  */
          else if (mark == AR_SECTION)
            gfc_advance_section (section_index, ar, &offset);
        }
    }

  if (mark == AR_SECTION)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
        mpz_clear (section_index[i]);
    }

  mpz_clear (size);
  mpz_clear (offset);

  return t;
}


static try traverse_data_var (gfc_data_variable *, locus *);

/* Iterate over a list of elements in a DATA statement.  */

static try
traverse_data_list (gfc_data_variable *var, locus *where)
{
  mpz_t trip;
  iterator_stack frame;
  gfc_expr *e, *start, *end, *step;
  try retval = SUCCESS;

  mpz_init (frame.value);

  start = gfc_copy_expr (var->iter.start);
  end = gfc_copy_expr (var->iter.end);
  step = gfc_copy_expr (var->iter.step);

  if (gfc_simplify_expr (start, 1) == FAILURE
      || start->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
    {
      gfc_error ("iterator start at %L does not simplify", &start->where);
      retval = FAILURE;
      goto cleanup;
    }
  if (gfc_simplify_expr (end, 1) == FAILURE
      || end->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
    {
      gfc_error ("iterator end at %L does not simplify", &end->where);
      retval = FAILURE;
      goto cleanup;
    }
  if (gfc_simplify_expr (step, 1) == FAILURE
      || step->expr_type != EXPR_CONSTANT)
    {
      gfc_error ("iterator step at %L does not simplify", &step->where);
      retval = FAILURE;
      goto cleanup;
    }

  mpz_init_set (trip, end->value.integer);
  mpz_sub (trip, trip, start->value.integer);
  mpz_add (trip, trip, step->value.integer);

  mpz_div (trip, trip, step->value.integer);

  mpz_set (frame.value, start->value.integer);

  frame.prev = iter_stack;
  frame.variable = var->iter.var->symtree;
  iter_stack = &frame;

  while (mpz_cmp_ui (trip, 0) > 0)
    {
      if (traverse_data_var (var->list, where) == FAILURE)
        {
          mpz_clear (trip);
          retval = FAILURE;
          goto cleanup;
        }

      e = gfc_copy_expr (var->expr);
      if (gfc_simplify_expr (e, 1) == FAILURE)
        {
          gfc_free_expr (e);
          mpz_clear (trip);
          retval = FAILURE;
          goto cleanup;
        }

      mpz_add (frame.value, frame.value, step->value.integer);

      mpz_sub_ui (trip, trip, 1);
    }

  mpz_clear (trip);
cleanup:
  mpz_clear (frame.value);

  gfc_free_expr (start);
  gfc_free_expr (end);
  gfc_free_expr (step);

  iter_stack = frame.prev;
  return retval;
}


/* Type resolve variables in the variable list of a DATA statement.  */

static try
traverse_data_var (gfc_data_variable *var, locus *where)
{
  try t;

  for (; var; var = var->next)
    {
      if (var->expr == NULL)
        t = traverse_data_list (var, where);
      else
        t = check_data_variable (var, where);

      if (t == FAILURE)
        return FAILURE;
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve the expressions and iterators associated with a data statement.
   This is separate from the assignment checking because data lists should
   only be resolved once.  */

static try
resolve_data_variables (gfc_data_variable *d)
{
  for (; d; d = d->next)
    {
      if (d->list == NULL)
        {
          if (gfc_resolve_expr (d->expr) == FAILURE)
            return FAILURE;
        }
      else
        {
          if (gfc_resolve_iterator (&d->iter, false) == FAILURE)
            return FAILURE;

          if (resolve_data_variables (d->list) == FAILURE)
            return FAILURE;
        }
    }

  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve a single DATA statement.  We implement this by storing a pointer to
   the value list into static variables, and then recursively traversing the
   variables list, expanding iterators and such.  */

static void
resolve_data (gfc_data * d)
{
  if (resolve_data_variables (d->var) == FAILURE)
    return;

  values.vnode = d->value;
  values.left = (d->value == NULL) ? 0 : d->value->repeat;

  if (traverse_data_var (d->var, &d->where) == FAILURE)
    return;

  /* At this point, we better not have any values left.  */

  if (next_data_value () == SUCCESS)
    gfc_error ("DATA statement at %L has more values than variables",
               &d->where);
}


/* 12.6 Constraint: In a pure subprogram any variable which is in common or
   accessed by host or use association, is a dummy argument to a pure function,
   is a dummy argument with INTENT (IN) to a pure subroutine, or an object that
   is storage associated with any such variable, shall not be used in the
   following contexts: (clients of this function).  */

/* Determines if a variable is not 'pure', ie not assignable within a pure
   procedure.  Returns zero if assignment is OK, nonzero if there is a
   problem.  */
int
gfc_impure_variable (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_symbol *proc;

  if (sym->attr.use_assoc || sym->attr.in_common)
    return 1;

  if (sym->ns != gfc_current_ns)
    return !sym->attr.function;

  proc = sym->ns->proc_name;
  if (sym->attr.dummy && gfc_pure (proc)
        && ((proc->attr.subroutine && sym->attr.intent == INTENT_IN)
                ||
             proc->attr.function))
    return 1;

  /* TODO: Sort out what can be storage associated, if anything, and include
     it here.  In principle equivalences should be scanned but it does not
     seem to be possible to storage associate an impure variable this way.  */
  return 0;
}


/* Test whether a symbol is pure or not.  For a NULL pointer, checks the
   symbol of the current procedure.  */

int
gfc_pure (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  symbol_attribute attr;

  if (sym == NULL)
    sym = gfc_current_ns->proc_name;
  if (sym == NULL)
    return 0;

  attr = sym->attr;

  return attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE && (attr.pure || attr.elemental);
}


/* Test whether the current procedure is elemental or not.  */

int
gfc_elemental (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  symbol_attribute attr;

  if (sym == NULL)
    sym = gfc_current_ns->proc_name;
  if (sym == NULL)
    return 0;
  attr = sym->attr;

  return attr.flavor == FL_PROCEDURE && attr.elemental;
}


/* Warn about unused labels.  */

static void
warn_unused_fortran_label (gfc_st_label *label)
{
  if (label == NULL)
    return;

  warn_unused_fortran_label (label->left);

  if (label->defined == ST_LABEL_UNKNOWN)
    return;

  switch (label->referenced)
    {
    case ST_LABEL_UNKNOWN:
      gfc_warning ("Label %d at %L defined but not used", label->value,
                   &label->where);
      break;

    case ST_LABEL_BAD_TARGET:
      gfc_warning ("Label %d at %L defined but cannot be used",
                   label->value, &label->where);
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  warn_unused_fortran_label (label->right);
}


/* Returns the sequence type of a symbol or sequence.  */

static seq_type
sequence_type (gfc_typespec ts)
{
  seq_type result;
  gfc_component *c;

  switch (ts.type)
  {
    case BT_DERIVED:

      if (ts.derived->components == NULL)
        return SEQ_NONDEFAULT;

      result = sequence_type (ts.derived->components->ts);
      for (c = ts.derived->components->next; c; c = c->next)
        if (sequence_type (c->ts) != result)
          return SEQ_MIXED;

      return result;

    case BT_CHARACTER:
      if (ts.kind != gfc_default_character_kind)
          return SEQ_NONDEFAULT;

      return SEQ_CHARACTER;

    case BT_INTEGER:
      if (ts.kind != gfc_default_integer_kind)
          return SEQ_NONDEFAULT;

      return SEQ_NUMERIC;

    case BT_REAL:
      if (!(ts.kind == gfc_default_real_kind
            || ts.kind == gfc_default_double_kind))
          return SEQ_NONDEFAULT;

      return SEQ_NUMERIC;

    case BT_COMPLEX:
      if (ts.kind != gfc_default_complex_kind)
          return SEQ_NONDEFAULT;

      return SEQ_NUMERIC;

    case BT_LOGICAL:
      if (ts.kind != gfc_default_logical_kind)
          return SEQ_NONDEFAULT;

      return SEQ_NUMERIC;

    default:
      return SEQ_NONDEFAULT;
  }
}


/* Resolve derived type EQUIVALENCE object.  */

static try
resolve_equivalence_derived (gfc_symbol *derived, gfc_symbol *sym, gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_symbol *d;
  gfc_component *c = derived->components;

  if (!derived)
    return SUCCESS;

  /* Shall not be an object of nonsequence derived type.  */
  if (!derived->attr.sequence)
    {
      gfc_error ("Derived type variable '%s' at %L must have SEQUENCE "
                 "attribute to be an EQUIVALENCE object", sym->name,
                 &e->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  /* Shall not have allocatable components.  */
  if (derived->attr.alloc_comp)
    {
      gfc_error ("Derived type variable '%s' at %L cannot have ALLOCATABLE "
                 "components to be an EQUIVALENCE object",sym->name,
                 &e->where);
      return FAILURE;
    }

  for (; c ; c = c->next)
    {
      d = c->ts.derived;
      if (d
          && (resolve_equivalence_derived (c->ts.derived, sym, e) == FAILURE))
        return FAILURE;

      /* Shall not be an object of sequence derived type containing a pointer
         in the structure.  */
      if (c->pointer)
        {
          gfc_error ("Derived type variable '%s' at %L with pointer "
                     "component(s) cannot be an EQUIVALENCE object",
                     sym->name, &e->where);
          return FAILURE;
        }
    }
  return SUCCESS;
}


/* Resolve equivalence object. 
   An EQUIVALENCE object shall not be a dummy argument, a pointer, a target,
   an allocatable array, an object of nonsequence derived type, an object of
   sequence derived type containing a pointer at any level of component
   selection, an automatic object, a function name, an entry name, a result
   name, a named constant, a structure component, or a subobject of any of
   the preceding objects.  A substring shall not have length zero.  A
   derived type shall not have components with default initialization nor
   shall two objects of an equivalence group be initialized.
   Either all or none of the objects shall have an protected attribute.
   The simple constraints are done in symbol.c(check_conflict) and the rest
   are implemented here.  */

static void
resolve_equivalence (gfc_equiv *eq)
{
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  gfc_symbol *derived;
  gfc_symbol *first_sym;
  gfc_expr *e;
  gfc_ref *r;
  locus *last_where = NULL;
  seq_type eq_type, last_eq_type;
  gfc_typespec *last_ts;
  int object, cnt_protected;
  const char *value_name;
  const char *msg;

  value_name = NULL;
  last_ts = &eq->expr->symtree->n.sym->ts;

  first_sym = eq->expr->symtree->n.sym;

  cnt_protected = 0;

  for (object = 1; eq; eq = eq->eq, object++)
    {
      e = eq->expr;

      e->ts = e->symtree->n.sym->ts;
      /* match_varspec might not know yet if it is seeing
         array reference or substring reference, as it doesn't
         know the types.  */
      if (e->ref && e->ref->type == REF_ARRAY)
        {
          gfc_ref *ref = e->ref;
          sym = e->symtree->n.sym;

          if (sym->attr.dimension)
            {
              ref->u.ar.as = sym->as;
              ref = ref->next;
            }

          /* For substrings, convert REF_ARRAY into REF_SUBSTRING.  */
          if (e->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER
              && ref
              && ref->type == REF_ARRAY
              && ref->u.ar.dimen == 1
              && ref->u.ar.dimen_type[0] == DIMEN_RANGE
              && ref->u.ar.stride[0] == NULL)
            {
              gfc_expr *start = ref->u.ar.start[0];
              gfc_expr *end = ref->u.ar.end[0];
              void *mem = NULL;

              /* Optimize away the (:) reference.  */
              if (start == NULL && end == NULL)
                {
                  if (e->ref == ref)
                    e->ref = ref->next;
                  else
                    e->ref->next = ref->next;
                  mem = ref;
                }
              else
                {
                  ref->type = REF_SUBSTRING;
                  if (start == NULL)
                    start = gfc_int_expr (1);
                  ref->u.ss.start = start;
                  if (end == NULL && e->ts.cl)
                    end = gfc_copy_expr (e->ts.cl->length);
                  ref->u.ss.end = end;
                  ref->u.ss.length = e->ts.cl;
                  e->ts.cl = NULL;
                }
              ref = ref->next;
              gfc_free (mem);
            }

          /* Any further ref is an error.  */
          if (ref)
            {
              gcc_assert (ref->type == REF_ARRAY);
              gfc_error ("Syntax error in EQUIVALENCE statement at %L",
                         &ref->u.ar.where);
              continue;
            }
        }

      if (gfc_resolve_expr (e) == FAILURE)
        continue;

      sym = e->symtree->n.sym;

      if (sym->attr.protected)
        cnt_protected++;
      if (cnt_protected > 0 && cnt_protected != object)
        {
              gfc_error ("Either all or none of the objects in the "
                         "EQUIVALENCE set at %L shall have the "
                         "PROTECTED attribute",
                         &e->where);
              break;
        }

      /* Shall not equivalence common block variables in a PURE procedure.  */
      if (sym->ns->proc_name
          && sym->ns->proc_name->attr.pure
          && sym->attr.in_common)
        {
          gfc_error ("Common block member '%s' at %L cannot be an EQUIVALENCE "
                     "object in the pure procedure '%s'",
                     sym->name, &e->where, sym->ns->proc_name->name);
          break;
        }

      /* Shall not be a named constant.  */
      if (e->expr_type == EXPR_CONSTANT)
        {
          gfc_error ("Named constant '%s' at %L cannot be an EQUIVALENCE "
                     "object", sym->name, &e->where);
          continue;
        }

      derived = e->ts.derived;
      if (derived && resolve_equivalence_derived (derived, sym, e) == FAILURE)
        continue;

      /* Check that the types correspond correctly:
         Note 5.28:
         A numeric sequence structure may be equivalenced to another sequence
         structure, an object of default integer type, default real type, double
         precision real type, default logical type such that components of the
         structure ultimately only become associated to objects of the same
         kind. A character sequence structure may be equivalenced to an object
         of default character kind or another character sequence structure.
         Other objects may be equivalenced only to objects of the same type and
         kind parameters.  */

      /* Identical types are unconditionally OK.  */
      if (object == 1 || gfc_compare_types (last_ts, &sym->ts))
        goto identical_types;

      last_eq_type = sequence_type (*last_ts);
      eq_type = sequence_type (sym->ts);

      /* Since the pair of objects is not of the same type, mixed or
         non-default sequences can be rejected.  */

      msg = "Sequence %s with mixed components in EQUIVALENCE "
            "statement at %L with different type objects";
      if ((object ==2
           && last_eq_type == SEQ_MIXED
           && gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_GNU, msg, first_sym->name, last_where)
              == FAILURE)
          || (eq_type == SEQ_MIXED
              && gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_GNU, msg, sym->name,
                                 &e->where) == FAILURE))
        continue;

      msg = "Non-default type object or sequence %s in EQUIVALENCE "
            "statement at %L with objects of different type";
      if ((object ==2
           && last_eq_type == SEQ_NONDEFAULT
           && gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_GNU, msg, first_sym->name,
                              last_where) == FAILURE)
          || (eq_type == SEQ_NONDEFAULT
              && gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_GNU, msg, sym->name,
                                 &e->where) == FAILURE))
        continue;

      msg ="Non-CHARACTER object '%s' in default CHARACTER "
           "EQUIVALENCE statement at %L";
      if (last_eq_type == SEQ_CHARACTER
          && eq_type != SEQ_CHARACTER
          && gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_GNU, msg, sym->name,
                             &e->where) == FAILURE)
                continue;

      msg ="Non-NUMERIC object '%s' in default NUMERIC "
           "EQUIVALENCE statement at %L";
      if (last_eq_type == SEQ_NUMERIC
          && eq_type != SEQ_NUMERIC
          && gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_GNU, msg, sym->name,
                             &e->where) == FAILURE)
                continue;

  identical_types:
      last_ts =&sym->ts;
      last_where = &e->where;

      if (!e->ref)
        continue;

      /* Shall not be an automatic array.  */
      if (e->ref->type == REF_ARRAY
          && gfc_resolve_array_spec (e->ref->u.ar.as, 1) == FAILURE)
        {
          gfc_error ("Array '%s' at %L with non-constant bounds cannot be "
                     "an EQUIVALENCE object", sym->name, &e->where);
          continue;
        }

      r = e->ref;
      while (r)
        {
          /* Shall not be a structure component.  */
          if (r->type == REF_COMPONENT)
            {
              gfc_error ("Structure component '%s' at %L cannot be an "
                         "EQUIVALENCE object",
                         r->u.c.component->name, &e->where);
              break;
            }

          /* A substring shall not have length zero.  */
          if (r->type == REF_SUBSTRING)
            {
              if (compare_bound (r->u.ss.start, r->u.ss.end) == CMP_GT)
                {
                  gfc_error ("Substring at %L has length zero",
                             &r->u.ss.start->where);
                  break;
                }
            }
          r = r->next;
        }
    }
}


/* Resolve function and ENTRY types, issue diagnostics if needed.  */

static void
resolve_fntype (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  gfc_entry_list *el;
  gfc_symbol *sym;

  if (ns->proc_name == NULL || !ns->proc_name->attr.function)
    return;

  /* If there are any entries, ns->proc_name is the entry master
     synthetic symbol and ns->entries->sym actual FUNCTION symbol.  */
  if (ns->entries)
    sym = ns->entries->sym;
  else
    sym = ns->proc_name;
  if (sym->result == sym
      && sym->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN
      && gfc_set_default_type (sym, 0, NULL) == FAILURE
      && !sym->attr.untyped)
    {
      gfc_error ("Function '%s' at %L has no IMPLICIT type",
                 sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
      sym->attr.untyped = 1;
    }

  if (sym->ts.type == BT_DERIVED && !sym->ts.derived->attr.use_assoc
      && !gfc_check_access (sym->ts.derived->attr.access,
                            sym->ts.derived->ns->default_access)
      && gfc_check_access (sym->attr.access, sym->ns->default_access))
    {
      gfc_error ("PUBLIC function '%s' at %L cannot be of PRIVATE type '%s'",
                 sym->name, &sym->declared_at, sym->ts.derived->name);
    }

    if (ns->entries)
    for (el = ns->entries->next; el; el = el->next)
      {
        if (el->sym->result == el->sym
            && el->sym->ts.type == BT_UNKNOWN
            && gfc_set_default_type (el->sym, 0, NULL) == FAILURE
            && !el->sym->attr.untyped)
          {
            gfc_error ("ENTRY '%s' at %L has no IMPLICIT type",
                       el->sym->name, &el->sym->declared_at);
            el->sym->attr.untyped = 1;
          }
      }
}

/* 12.3.2.1.1 Defined operators.  */

static void
gfc_resolve_uops (gfc_symtree *symtree)
{
  gfc_interface *itr;
  gfc_symbol *sym;
  gfc_formal_arglist *formal;

  if (symtree == NULL)
    return;

  gfc_resolve_uops (symtree->left);
  gfc_resolve_uops (symtree->right);

  for (itr = symtree->n.uop->operator; itr; itr = itr->next)
    {
      sym = itr->sym;
      if (!sym->attr.function)
        gfc_error ("User operator procedure '%s' at %L must be a FUNCTION",
                   sym->name, &sym->declared_at);

      if (sym->ts.type == BT_CHARACTER
          && !(sym->ts.cl && sym->ts.cl->length)
          && !(sym->result && sym->result->ts.cl
               && sym->result->ts.cl->length))
        gfc_error ("User operator procedure '%s' at %L cannot be assumed "
                   "character length", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);

      formal = sym->formal;
      if (!formal || !formal->sym)
        {
          gfc_error ("User operator procedure '%s' at %L must have at least "
                     "one argument", sym->name, &sym->declared_at);
          continue;
        }

      if (formal->sym->attr.intent != INTENT_IN)
        gfc_error ("First argument of operator interface at %L must be "
                   "INTENT(IN)", &sym->declared_at);

      if (formal->sym->attr.optional)
        gfc_error ("First argument of operator interface at %L cannot be "
                   "optional", &sym->declared_at);

      formal = formal->next;
      if (!formal || !formal->sym)
        continue;

      if (formal->sym->attr.intent != INTENT_IN)
        gfc_error ("Second argument of operator interface at %L must be "
                   "INTENT(IN)", &sym->declared_at);

      if (formal->sym->attr.optional)
        gfc_error ("Second argument of operator interface at %L cannot be "
                   "optional", &sym->declared_at);

      if (formal->next)
        gfc_error ("Operator interface at %L must have, at most, two "
                   "arguments", &sym->declared_at);
    }
}


/* Examine all of the expressions associated with a program unit,
   assign types to all intermediate expressions, make sure that all
   assignments are to compatible types and figure out which names
   refer to which functions or subroutines.  It doesn't check code
   block, which is handled by resolve_code.  */

static void
resolve_types (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  gfc_namespace *n;
  gfc_charlen *cl;
  gfc_data *d;
  gfc_equiv *eq;

  gfc_current_ns = ns;

  resolve_entries (ns);

  resolve_common_blocks (ns->common_root);

  resolve_contained_functions (ns);

  gfc_traverse_ns (ns, resolve_bind_c_derived_types);

  for (cl = ns->cl_list; cl; cl = cl->next)
    resolve_charlen (cl);

  gfc_traverse_ns (ns, resolve_symbol);

  resolve_fntype (ns);

  for (n = ns->contained; n; n = n->sibling)
    {
      if (gfc_pure (ns->proc_name) && !gfc_pure (n->proc_name))
        gfc_error ("Contained procedure '%s' at %L of a PURE procedure must "
                   "also be PURE", n->proc_name->name,
                   &n->proc_name->declared_at);

      resolve_types (n);
    }

  forall_flag = 0;
  gfc_check_interfaces (ns);

  gfc_traverse_ns (ns, resolve_values);

  if (ns->save_all)
    gfc_save_all (ns);

  iter_stack = NULL;
  for (d = ns->data; d; d = d->next)
    resolve_data (d);

  iter_stack = NULL;
  gfc_traverse_ns (ns, gfc_formalize_init_value);

  gfc_traverse_ns (ns, gfc_verify_binding_labels);

  if (ns->common_root != NULL)
    gfc_traverse_symtree (ns->common_root, resolve_bind_c_comms);

  for (eq = ns->equiv; eq; eq = eq->next)
    resolve_equivalence (eq);

  /* Warn about unused labels.  */
  if (warn_unused_label)
    warn_unused_fortran_label (ns->st_labels);

  gfc_resolve_uops (ns->uop_root);
}


/* Call resolve_code recursively.  */

static void
resolve_codes (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  gfc_namespace *n;

  for (n = ns->contained; n; n = n->sibling)
    resolve_codes (n);

  gfc_current_ns = ns;
  cs_base = NULL;
  /* Set to an out of range value.  */
  current_entry_id = -1;

  bitmap_obstack_initialize (&labels_obstack);
  resolve_code (ns->code, ns);
  bitmap_obstack_release (&labels_obstack);
}


/* This function is called after a complete program unit has been compiled.
   Its purpose is to examine all of the expressions associated with a program
   unit, assign types to all intermediate expressions, make sure that all
   assignments are to compatible types and figure out which names refer to
   which functions or subroutines.  */

void
gfc_resolve (gfc_namespace *ns)
{
  gfc_namespace *old_ns;

  old_ns = gfc_current_ns;

  resolve_types (ns);
  resolve_codes (ns);

  gfc_current_ns = old_ns;
}