2010-06-20 Tobias Burnus <burnus@net-b.de>

[pf3gnuchains/gcc-fork.git] / gcc / fortran / module.c

/* Handle modules, which amounts to loading and saving symbols and
   their attendant structures.
   Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
   2009, 2010
   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Andy Vaught

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

/* The syntax of gfortran modules resembles that of lisp lists, i.e. a
   sequence of atoms, which can be left or right parenthesis, names,
   integers or strings.  Parenthesis are always matched which allows
   us to skip over sections at high speed without having to know
   anything about the internal structure of the lists.  A "name" is
   usually a fortran 95 identifier, but can also start with '@' in
   order to reference a hidden symbol.

   The first line of a module is an informational message about what
   created the module, the file it came from and when it was created.
   The second line is a warning for people not to edit the module.
   The rest of the module looks like:

   ( ( <Interface info for UPLUS> )
     ( <Interface info for UMINUS> )
     ...
   )
   ( ( <name of operator interface> <module of op interface> <i/f1> ... )
     ...
   )
   ( ( <name of generic interface> <module of generic interface> <i/f1> ... )
     ...
   )
   ( ( <common name> <symbol> <saved flag>)
     ...
   )

   ( equivalence list )

   ( <Symbol Number (in no particular order)>
     <True name of symbol>
     <Module name of symbol>
     ( <symbol information> )
     ...
   )
   ( <Symtree name>
     <Ambiguous flag>
     <Symbol number>
     ...
   )

   In general, symbols refer to other symbols by their symbol number,
   which are zero based.  Symbols are written to the module in no
   particular order.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "gfortran.h"
#include "arith.h"
#include "match.h"
#include "parse.h" /* FIXME */
#include "md5.h"
#include "constructor.h"
#include "cpp.h"

#define MODULE_EXTENSION ".mod"

/* Don't put any single quote (') in MOD_VERSION, 
   if yout want it to be recognized.  */
#define MOD_VERSION "5"


/* Structure that describes a position within a module file.  */

typedef struct
{
  int column, line;
  fpos_t pos;
}
module_locus;

/* Structure for list of symbols of intrinsic modules.  */
typedef struct
{
  int id;
  const char *name;
  int value;
  int standard;
}
intmod_sym;


typedef enum
{
  P_UNKNOWN = 0, P_OTHER, P_NAMESPACE, P_COMPONENT, P_SYMBOL
}
pointer_t;

/* The fixup structure lists pointers to pointers that have to
   be updated when a pointer value becomes known.  */

typedef struct fixup_t
{
  void **pointer;
  struct fixup_t *next;
}
fixup_t;


/* Structure for holding extra info needed for pointers being read.  */

enum gfc_rsym_state
{
  UNUSED,
  NEEDED,
  USED
};

enum gfc_wsym_state
{
  UNREFERENCED = 0,
  NEEDS_WRITE,
  WRITTEN
};

typedef struct pointer_info
{
  BBT_HEADER (pointer_info);
  int integer;
  pointer_t type;

  /* The first component of each member of the union is the pointer
     being stored.  */

  fixup_t *fixup;

  union
  {
    void *pointer;      /* Member for doing pointer searches.  */

    struct
    {
      gfc_symbol *sym;
      char true_name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1], module[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];
      enum gfc_rsym_state state;
      int ns, referenced, renamed;
      module_locus where;
      fixup_t *stfixup;
      gfc_symtree *symtree;
      char binding_label[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];
    }
    rsym;

    struct
    {
      gfc_symbol *sym;
      enum gfc_wsym_state state;
    }
    wsym;
  }
  u;

}
pointer_info;

#define gfc_get_pointer_info() XCNEW (pointer_info)


/* Local variables */

/* The FILE for the module we're reading or writing.  */
static FILE *module_fp;

/* MD5 context structure.  */
static struct md5_ctx ctx;

/* The name of the module we're reading (USE'ing) or writing.  */
static char module_name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];

/* The way the module we're reading was specified.  */
static bool specified_nonint, specified_int;

static int module_line, module_column, only_flag;
static enum
{ IO_INPUT, IO_OUTPUT }
iomode;

static gfc_use_rename *gfc_rename_list;
static pointer_info *pi_root;
static int symbol_number;       /* Counter for assigning symbol numbers */

/* Tells mio_expr_ref to make symbols for unused equivalence members.  */
static bool in_load_equiv;

static locus use_locus;



/*****************************************************************/

/* Pointer/integer conversion.  Pointers between structures are stored
   as integers in the module file.  The next couple of subroutines
   handle this translation for reading and writing.  */

/* Recursively free the tree of pointer structures.  */

static void
free_pi_tree (pointer_info *p)
{
  if (p == NULL)
    return;

  if (p->fixup != NULL)
    gfc_internal_error ("free_pi_tree(): Unresolved fixup");

  free_pi_tree (p->left);
  free_pi_tree (p->right);

  gfc_free (p);
}


/* Compare pointers when searching by pointer.  Used when writing a
   module.  */

static int
compare_pointers (void *_sn1, void *_sn2)
{
  pointer_info *sn1, *sn2;

  sn1 = (pointer_info *) _sn1;
  sn2 = (pointer_info *) _sn2;

  if (sn1->u.pointer < sn2->u.pointer)
    return -1;
  if (sn1->u.pointer > sn2->u.pointer)
    return 1;

  return 0;
}


/* Compare integers when searching by integer.  Used when reading a
   module.  */

static int
compare_integers (void *_sn1, void *_sn2)
{
  pointer_info *sn1, *sn2;

  sn1 = (pointer_info *) _sn1;
  sn2 = (pointer_info *) _sn2;

  if (sn1->integer < sn2->integer)
    return -1;
  if (sn1->integer > sn2->integer)
    return 1;

  return 0;
}


/* Initialize the pointer_info tree.  */

static void
init_pi_tree (void)
{
  compare_fn compare;
  pointer_info *p;

  pi_root = NULL;
  compare = (iomode == IO_INPUT) ? compare_integers : compare_pointers;

  /* Pointer 0 is the NULL pointer.  */
  p = gfc_get_pointer_info ();
  p->u.pointer = NULL;
  p->integer = 0;
  p->type = P_OTHER;

  gfc_insert_bbt (&pi_root, p, compare);

  /* Pointer 1 is the current namespace.  */
  p = gfc_get_pointer_info ();
  p->u.pointer = gfc_current_ns;
  p->integer = 1;
  p->type = P_NAMESPACE;

  gfc_insert_bbt (&pi_root, p, compare);

  symbol_number = 2;
}


/* During module writing, call here with a pointer to something,
   returning the pointer_info node.  */

static pointer_info *
find_pointer (void *gp)
{
  pointer_info *p;

  p = pi_root;
  while (p != NULL)
    {
      if (p->u.pointer == gp)
        break;
      p = (gp < p->u.pointer) ? p->left : p->right;
    }

  return p;
}


/* Given a pointer while writing, returns the pointer_info tree node,
   creating it if it doesn't exist.  */

static pointer_info *
get_pointer (void *gp)
{
  pointer_info *p;

  p = find_pointer (gp);
  if (p != NULL)
    return p;

  /* Pointer doesn't have an integer.  Give it one.  */
  p = gfc_get_pointer_info ();

  p->u.pointer = gp;
  p->integer = symbol_number++;

  gfc_insert_bbt (&pi_root, p, compare_pointers);

  return p;
}


/* Given an integer during reading, find it in the pointer_info tree,
   creating the node if not found.  */

static pointer_info *
get_integer (int integer)
{
  pointer_info *p, t;
  int c;

  t.integer = integer;

  p = pi_root;
  while (p != NULL)
    {
      c = compare_integers (&t, p);
      if (c == 0)
        break;

      p = (c < 0) ? p->left : p->right;
    }

  if (p != NULL)
    return p;

  p = gfc_get_pointer_info ();
  p->integer = integer;
  p->u.pointer = NULL;

  gfc_insert_bbt (&pi_root, p, compare_integers);

  return p;
}


/* Recursive function to find a pointer within a tree by brute force.  */

static pointer_info *
fp2 (pointer_info *p, const void *target)
{
  pointer_info *q;

  if (p == NULL)
    return NULL;

  if (p->u.pointer == target)
    return p;

  q = fp2 (p->left, target);
  if (q != NULL)
    return q;

  return fp2 (p->right, target);
}


/* During reading, find a pointer_info node from the pointer value.
   This amounts to a brute-force search.  */

static pointer_info *
find_pointer2 (void *p)
{
  return fp2 (pi_root, p);
}


/* Resolve any fixups using a known pointer.  */

static void
resolve_fixups (fixup_t *f, void *gp)
{
  fixup_t *next;

  for (; f; f = next)
    {
      next = f->next;
      *(f->pointer) = gp;
      gfc_free (f);
    }
}


/* Call here during module reading when we know what pointer to
   associate with an integer.  Any fixups that exist are resolved at
   this time.  */

static void
associate_integer_pointer (pointer_info *p, void *gp)
{
  if (p->u.pointer != NULL)
    gfc_internal_error ("associate_integer_pointer(): Already associated");

  p->u.pointer = gp;

  resolve_fixups (p->fixup, gp);

  p->fixup = NULL;
}


/* During module reading, given an integer and a pointer to a pointer,
   either store the pointer from an already-known value or create a
   fixup structure in order to store things later.  Returns zero if
   the reference has been actually stored, or nonzero if the reference
   must be fixed later (i.e., associate_integer_pointer must be called
   sometime later.  Returns the pointer_info structure.  */

static pointer_info *
add_fixup (int integer, void *gp)
{
  pointer_info *p;
  fixup_t *f;
  char **cp;

  p = get_integer (integer);

  if (p->integer == 0 || p->u.pointer != NULL)
    {
      cp = (char **) gp;
      *cp = (char *) p->u.pointer;
    }
  else
    {
      f = XCNEW (fixup_t);

      f->next = p->fixup;
      p->fixup = f;

      f->pointer = (void **) gp;
    }

  return p;
}


/*****************************************************************/

/* Parser related subroutines */

/* Free the rename list left behind by a USE statement.  */

static void
free_rename (void)
{
  gfc_use_rename *next;

  for (; gfc_rename_list; gfc_rename_list = next)
    {
      next = gfc_rename_list->next;
      gfc_free (gfc_rename_list);
    }
}


/* Match a USE statement.  */

match
gfc_match_use (void)
{
  char name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1], module_nature[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];
  gfc_use_rename *tail = NULL, *new_use;
  interface_type type, type2;
  gfc_intrinsic_op op;
  match m;

  specified_int = false;
  specified_nonint = false;

  if (gfc_match (" , ") == MATCH_YES)
    {
      if ((m = gfc_match (" %n ::", module_nature)) == MATCH_YES)
        {
          if (gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F2003, "Fortran 2003: module "
                              "nature in USE statement at %C") == FAILURE)
            return MATCH_ERROR;

          if (strcmp (module_nature, "intrinsic") == 0)
            specified_int = true;
          else
            {
              if (strcmp (module_nature, "non_intrinsic") == 0)
                specified_nonint = true;
              else
                {
                  gfc_error ("Module nature in USE statement at %C shall "
                             "be either INTRINSIC or NON_INTRINSIC");
                  return MATCH_ERROR;
                }
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* Help output a better error message than "Unclassifiable
             statement".  */
          gfc_match (" %n", module_nature);
          if (strcmp (module_nature, "intrinsic") == 0
              || strcmp (module_nature, "non_intrinsic") == 0)
            gfc_error ("\"::\" was expected after module nature at %C "
                       "but was not found");
          return m;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      m = gfc_match (" ::");
      if (m == MATCH_YES &&
          gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F2003, "Fortran 2003: "
                          "\"USE :: module\" at %C") == FAILURE)
        return MATCH_ERROR;

      if (m != MATCH_YES)
        {
          m = gfc_match ("% ");
          if (m != MATCH_YES)
            return m;
        }
    }

  use_locus = gfc_current_locus;

  m = gfc_match_name (module_name);
  if (m != MATCH_YES)
    return m;

  free_rename ();
  only_flag = 0;

  if (gfc_match_eos () == MATCH_YES)
    return MATCH_YES;
  if (gfc_match_char (',') != MATCH_YES)
    goto syntax;

  if (gfc_match (" only :") == MATCH_YES)
    only_flag = 1;

  if (gfc_match_eos () == MATCH_YES)
    return MATCH_YES;

  for (;;)
    {
      /* Get a new rename struct and add it to the rename list.  */
      new_use = gfc_get_use_rename ();
      new_use->where = gfc_current_locus;
      new_use->found = 0;

      if (gfc_rename_list == NULL)
        gfc_rename_list = new_use;
      else
        tail->next = new_use;
      tail = new_use;

      /* See what kind of interface we're dealing with.  Assume it is
         not an operator.  */
      new_use->op = INTRINSIC_NONE;
      if (gfc_match_generic_spec (&type, name, &op) == MATCH_ERROR)
        goto cleanup;

      switch (type)
        {
        case INTERFACE_NAMELESS:
          gfc_error ("Missing generic specification in USE statement at %C");
          goto cleanup;

        case INTERFACE_USER_OP:
        case INTERFACE_GENERIC:
          m = gfc_match (" =>");

          if (type == INTERFACE_USER_OP && m == MATCH_YES
              && (gfc_notify_std (GFC_STD_F2003, "Fortran 2003: Renaming "
                                  "operators in USE statements at %C")
                 == FAILURE))
            goto cleanup;

          if (type == INTERFACE_USER_OP)
            new_use->op = INTRINSIC_USER;

          if (only_flag)
            {
              if (m != MATCH_YES)
                strcpy (new_use->use_name, name);
              else
                {
                  strcpy (new_use->local_name, name);
                  m = gfc_match_generic_spec (&type2, new_use->use_name, &op);
                  if (type != type2)
                    goto syntax;
                  if (m == MATCH_NO)
                    goto syntax;
                  if (m == MATCH_ERROR)
                    goto cleanup;
                }
            }
          else
            {
              if (m != MATCH_YES)
                goto syntax;
              strcpy (new_use->local_name, name);

              m = gfc_match_generic_spec (&type2, new_use->use_name, &op);
              if (type != type2)
                goto syntax;
              if (m == MATCH_NO)
                goto syntax;
              if (m == MATCH_ERROR)
                goto cleanup;
            }

          if (strcmp (new_use->use_name, module_name) == 0
              || strcmp (new_use->local_name, module_name) == 0)
            {
              gfc_error ("The name '%s' at %C has already been used as "
                         "an external module name.", module_name);
              goto cleanup;
            }
          break;

        case INTERFACE_INTRINSIC_OP:
          new_use->op = op;
          break;

        default:
          gcc_unreachable ();
        }

      if (gfc_match_eos () == MATCH_YES)
        break;
      if (gfc_match_char (',') != MATCH_YES)
        goto syntax;
    }

  return MATCH_YES;

syntax:
  gfc_syntax_error (ST_USE);

cleanup:
  free_rename ();
  return MATCH_ERROR;
 }


/* Given a name and a number, inst, return the inst name
   under which to load this symbol. Returns NULL if this
   symbol shouldn't be loaded. If inst is zero, returns
   the number of instances of this name. If interface is
   true, a user-defined operator is sought, otherwise only
   non-operators are sought.  */

static const char *
find_use_name_n (const char *name, int *inst, bool interface)
{
  gfc_use_rename *u;
  int i;

  i = 0;
  for (u = gfc_rename_list; u; u = u->next)
    {
      if (strcmp (u->use_name, name) != 0
          || (u->op == INTRINSIC_USER && !interface)
          || (u->op != INTRINSIC_USER &&  interface))
        continue;
      if (++i == *inst)
        break;
    }

  if (!*inst)
    {
      *inst = i;
      return NULL;
    }

  if (u == NULL)
    return only_flag ? NULL : name;

  u->found = 1;

  return (u->local_name[0] != '\0') ? u->local_name : name;
}


/* Given a name, return the name under which to load this symbol.
   Returns NULL if this symbol shouldn't be loaded.  */

static const char *
find_use_name (const char *name, bool interface)
{
  int i = 1;
  return find_use_name_n (name, &i, interface);
}


/* Given a real name, return the number of use names associated with it.  */

static int
number_use_names (const char *name, bool interface)
{
  int i = 0;
  find_use_name_n (name, &i, interface);
  return i;
}


/* Try to find the operator in the current list.  */

static gfc_use_rename *
find_use_operator (gfc_intrinsic_op op)
{
  gfc_use_rename *u;

  for (u = gfc_rename_list; u; u = u->next)
    if (u->op == op)
      return u;

  return NULL;
}


/*****************************************************************/

/* The next couple of subroutines maintain a tree used to avoid a
   brute-force search for a combination of true name and module name.
   While symtree names, the name that a particular symbol is known by
   can changed with USE statements, we still have to keep track of the
   true names to generate the correct reference, and also avoid
   loading the same real symbol twice in a program unit.

   When we start reading, the true name tree is built and maintained
   as symbols are read.  The tree is searched as we load new symbols
   to see if it already exists someplace in the namespace.  */

typedef struct true_name
{
  BBT_HEADER (true_name);
  gfc_symbol *sym;
}
true_name;

static true_name *true_name_root;


/* Compare two true_name structures.  */

static int
compare_true_names (void *_t1, void *_t2)
{
  true_name *t1, *t2;
  int c;

  t1 = (true_name *) _t1;
  t2 = (true_name *) _t2;

  c = ((t1->sym->module > t2->sym->module)
       - (t1->sym->module < t2->sym->module));
  if (c != 0)
    return c;

  return strcmp (t1->sym->name, t2->sym->name);
}


/* Given a true name, search the true name tree to see if it exists
   within the main namespace.  */

static gfc_symbol *
find_true_name (const char *name, const char *module)
{
  true_name t, *p;
  gfc_symbol sym;
  int c;

  sym.name = gfc_get_string (name);
  if (module != NULL)
    sym.module = gfc_get_string (module);
  else
    sym.module = NULL;
  t.sym = &sym;

  p = true_name_root;
  while (p != NULL)
    {
      c = compare_true_names ((void *) (&t), (void *) p);
      if (c == 0)
        return p->sym;

      p = (c < 0) ? p->left : p->right;
    }

  return NULL;
}


/* Given a gfc_symbol pointer that is not in the true name tree, add it.  */

static void
add_true_name (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  true_name *t;

  t = XCNEW (true_name);
  t->sym = sym;

  gfc_insert_bbt (&true_name_root, t, compare_true_names);
}


/* Recursive function to build the initial true name tree by
   recursively traversing the current namespace.  */

static void
build_tnt (gfc_symtree *st)
{
  if (st == NULL)
    return;

  build_tnt (st->left);
  build_tnt (st->right);

  if (find_true_name (st->n.sym->name, st->n.sym->module) != NULL)
    return;

  add_true_name (st->n.sym);
}


/* Initialize the true name tree with the current namespace.  */

static void
init_true_name_tree (void)
{
  true_name_root = NULL;
  build_tnt (gfc_current_ns->sym_root);
}


/* Recursively free a true name tree node.  */

static void
free_true_name (true_name *t)
{
  if (t == NULL)
    return;
  free_true_name (t->left);
  free_true_name (t->right);

  gfc_free (t);
}


/*****************************************************************/

/* Module reading and writing.  */

typedef enum
{
  ATOM_NAME, ATOM_LPAREN, ATOM_RPAREN, ATOM_INTEGER, ATOM_STRING
}
atom_type;

static atom_type last_atom;


/* The name buffer must be at least as long as a symbol name.  Right
   now it's not clear how we're going to store numeric constants--
   probably as a hexadecimal string, since this will allow the exact
   number to be preserved (this can't be done by a decimal
   representation).  Worry about that later.  TODO!  */

#define MAX_ATOM_SIZE 100

static int atom_int;
static char *atom_string, atom_name[MAX_ATOM_SIZE];


/* Report problems with a module.  Error reporting is not very
   elaborate, since this sorts of errors shouldn't really happen.
   This subroutine never returns.  */

static void bad_module (const char *) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;

static void
bad_module (const char *msgid)
{
  fclose (module_fp);

  switch (iomode)
    {
    case IO_INPUT:
      gfc_fatal_error ("Reading module %s at line %d column %d: %s",
                       module_name, module_line, module_column, msgid);
      break;
    case IO_OUTPUT:
      gfc_fatal_error ("Writing module %s at line %d column %d: %s",
                       module_name, module_line, module_column, msgid);
      break;
    default:
      gfc_fatal_error ("Module %s at line %d column %d: %s",
                       module_name, module_line, module_column, msgid);
      break;
    }
}


/* Set the module's input pointer.  */

static void
set_module_locus (module_locus *m)
{
  module_column = m->column;
  module_line = m->line;
  fsetpos (module_fp, &m->pos);
}


/* Get the module's input pointer so that we can restore it later.  */

static void
get_module_locus (module_locus *m)
{
  m->column = module_column;
  m->line = module_line;
  fgetpos (module_fp, &m->pos);
}


/* Get the next character in the module, updating our reckoning of
   where we are.  */

static int
module_char (void)
{
  int c;

  c = getc (module_fp);

  if (c == EOF)
    bad_module ("Unexpected EOF");

  if (c == '\n')
    {
      module_line++;
      module_column = 0;
    }

  module_column++;
  return c;
}


/* Parse a string constant.  The delimiter is guaranteed to be a
   single quote.  */

static void
parse_string (void)
{
  module_locus start;
  int len, c;
  char *p;

  get_module_locus (&start);

  len = 0;

  /* See how long the string is.  */
  for ( ; ; )
    {
      c = module_char ();
      if (c == EOF)
        bad_module ("Unexpected end of module in string constant");

      if (c != '\'')
        {
          len++;
          continue;
        }

      c = module_char ();
      if (c == '\'')
        {
          len++;
          continue;
        }

      break;
    }

  set_module_locus (&start);

  atom_string = p = XCNEWVEC (char, len + 1);

  for (; len > 0; len--)
    {
      c = module_char ();
      if (c == '\'')
        module_char ();         /* Guaranteed to be another \'.  */
      *p++ = c;
    }

  module_char ();               /* Terminating \'.  */
  *p = '\0';                    /* C-style string for debug purposes.  */
}


/* Parse a small integer.  */

static void
parse_integer (int c)
{
  module_locus m;

  atom_int = c - '0';

  for (;;)
    {
      get_module_locus (&m);

      c = module_char ();
      if (!ISDIGIT (c))
        break;

      atom_int = 10 * atom_int + c - '0';
      if (atom_int > 99999999)
        bad_module ("Integer overflow");
    }

  set_module_locus (&m);
}


/* Parse a name.  */

static void
parse_name (int c)
{
  module_locus m;
  char *p;
  int len;

  p = atom_name;

  *p++ = c;
  len = 1;

  get_module_locus (&m);

  for (;;)
    {
      c = module_char ();
      if (!ISALNUM (c) && c != '_' && c != '-')
        break;

      *p++ = c;
      if (++len > GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN)
        bad_module ("Name too long");
    }

  *p = '\0';

  fseek (module_fp, -1, SEEK_CUR);
  module_column = m.column + len - 1;

  if (c == '\n')
    module_line--;
}


/* Read the next atom in the module's input stream.  */

static atom_type
parse_atom (void)
{
  int c;

  do
    {
      c = module_char ();
    }
  while (c == ' ' || c == '\r' || c == '\n');

  switch (c)
    {
    case '(':
      return ATOM_LPAREN;

    case ')':
      return ATOM_RPAREN;

    case '\'':
      parse_string ();
      return ATOM_STRING;

    case '0':
    case '1':
    case '2':
    case '3':
    case '4':
    case '5':
    case '6':
    case '7':
    case '8':
    case '9':
      parse_integer (c);
      return ATOM_INTEGER;

    case 'a':
    case 'b':
    case 'c':
    case 'd':
    case 'e':
    case 'f':
    case 'g':
    case 'h':
    case 'i':
    case 'j':
    case 'k':
    case 'l':
    case 'm':
    case 'n':
    case 'o':
    case 'p':
    case 'q':
    case 'r':
    case 's':
    case 't':
    case 'u':
    case 'v':
    case 'w':
    case 'x':
    case 'y':
    case 'z':
    case 'A':
    case 'B':
    case 'C':
    case 'D':
    case 'E':
    case 'F':
    case 'G':
    case 'H':
    case 'I':
    case 'J':
    case 'K':
    case 'L':
    case 'M':
    case 'N':
    case 'O':
    case 'P':
    case 'Q':
    case 'R':
    case 'S':
    case 'T':
    case 'U':
    case 'V':
    case 'W':
    case 'X':
    case 'Y':
    case 'Z':
      parse_name (c);
      return ATOM_NAME;

    default:
      bad_module ("Bad name");
    }

  /* Not reached.  */
}


/* Peek at the next atom on the input.  */

static atom_type
peek_atom (void)
{
  module_locus m;
  atom_type a;

  get_module_locus (&m);

  a = parse_atom ();
  if (a == ATOM_STRING)
    gfc_free (atom_string);

  set_module_locus (&m);
  return a;
}


/* Read the next atom from the input, requiring that it be a
   particular kind.  */

static void
require_atom (atom_type type)
{
  module_locus m;
  atom_type t;
  const char *p;

  get_module_locus (&m);

  t = parse_atom ();
  if (t != type)
    {
      switch (type)
        {
        case ATOM_NAME:
          p = _("Expected name");
          break;
        case ATOM_LPAREN:
          p = _("Expected left parenthesis");
          break;
        case ATOM_RPAREN:
          p = _("Expected right parenthesis");
          break;
        case ATOM_INTEGER:
          p = _("Expected integer");
          break;
        case ATOM_STRING:
          p = _("Expected string");
          break;
        default:
          gfc_internal_error ("require_atom(): bad atom type required");
        }

      set_module_locus (&m);
      bad_module (p);
    }
}


/* Given a pointer to an mstring array, require that the current input
   be one of the strings in the array.  We return the enum value.  */

static int
find_enum (const mstring *m)
{
  int i;

  i = gfc_string2code (m, atom_name);
  if (i >= 0)
    return i;

  bad_module ("find_enum(): Enum not found");

  /* Not reached.  */
}


/**************** Module output subroutines ***************************/

/* Output a character to a module file.  */

static void
write_char (char out)
{
  if (putc (out, module_fp) == EOF)
    gfc_fatal_error ("Error writing modules file: %s", xstrerror (errno));

  /* Add this to our MD5.  */
  md5_process_bytes (&out, sizeof (out), &ctx);
  
  if (out != '\n')
    module_column++;
  else
    {
      module_column = 1;
      module_line++;
    }
}


/* Write an atom to a module.  The line wrapping isn't perfect, but it
   should work most of the time.  This isn't that big of a deal, since
   the file really isn't meant to be read by people anyway.  */

static void
write_atom (atom_type atom, const void *v)
{
  char buffer[20];
  int i, len;
  const char *p;

  switch (atom)
    {
    case ATOM_STRING:
    case ATOM_NAME:
      p = (const char *) v;
      break;

    case ATOM_LPAREN:
      p = "(";
      break;

    case ATOM_RPAREN:
      p = ")";
      break;

    case ATOM_INTEGER:
      i = *((const int *) v);
      if (i < 0)
        gfc_internal_error ("write_atom(): Writing negative integer");

      sprintf (buffer, "%d", i);
      p = buffer;
      break;

    default:
      gfc_internal_error ("write_atom(): Trying to write dab atom");

    }

  if(p == NULL || *p == '\0') 
     len = 0;
  else
  len = strlen (p);

  if (atom != ATOM_RPAREN)
    {
      if (module_column + len > 72)
        write_char ('\n');
      else
        {

          if (last_atom != ATOM_LPAREN && module_column != 1)
            write_char (' ');
        }
    }

  if (atom == ATOM_STRING)
    write_char ('\'');

  while (p != NULL && *p)
    {
      if (atom == ATOM_STRING && *p == '\'')
        write_char ('\'');
      write_char (*p++);
    }

  if (atom == ATOM_STRING)
    write_char ('\'');

  last_atom = atom;
}



/***************** Mid-level I/O subroutines *****************/

/* These subroutines let their caller read or write atoms without
   caring about which of the two is actually happening.  This lets a
   subroutine concentrate on the actual format of the data being
   written.  */

static void mio_expr (gfc_expr **);
pointer_info *mio_symbol_ref (gfc_symbol **);
pointer_info *mio_interface_rest (gfc_interface **);
static void mio_symtree_ref (gfc_symtree **);

/* Read or write an enumerated value.  On writing, we return the input
   value for the convenience of callers.  We avoid using an integer
   pointer because enums are sometimes inside bitfields.  */

static int
mio_name (int t, const mstring *m)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    write_atom (ATOM_NAME, gfc_code2string (m, t));
  else
    {
      require_atom (ATOM_NAME);
      t = find_enum (m);
    }

  return t;
}

/* Specialization of mio_name.  */

#define DECL_MIO_NAME(TYPE) \
 static inline TYPE \
 MIO_NAME(TYPE) (TYPE t, const mstring *m) \
 { \
   return (TYPE) mio_name ((int) t, m); \
 }
#define MIO_NAME(TYPE) mio_name_##TYPE

static void
mio_lparen (void)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    write_atom (ATOM_LPAREN, NULL);
  else
    require_atom (ATOM_LPAREN);
}


static void
mio_rparen (void)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    write_atom (ATOM_RPAREN, NULL);
  else
    require_atom (ATOM_RPAREN);
}


static void
mio_integer (int *ip)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    write_atom (ATOM_INTEGER, ip);
  else
    {
      require_atom (ATOM_INTEGER);
      *ip = atom_int;
    }
}


/* Read or write a gfc_intrinsic_op value.  */

static void
mio_intrinsic_op (gfc_intrinsic_op* op)
{
  /* FIXME: Would be nicer to do this via the operators symbolic name.  */
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      int converted = (int) *op;
      write_atom (ATOM_INTEGER, &converted);
    }
  else
    {
      require_atom (ATOM_INTEGER);
      *op = (gfc_intrinsic_op) atom_int;
    }
}


/* Read or write a character pointer that points to a string on the heap.  */

static const char *
mio_allocated_string (const char *s)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      write_atom (ATOM_STRING, s);
      return s;
    }
  else
    {
      require_atom (ATOM_STRING);
      return atom_string;
    }
}


/* Functions for quoting and unquoting strings.  */

static char *
quote_string (const gfc_char_t *s, const size_t slength)
{
  const gfc_char_t *p;
  char *res, *q;
  size_t len = 0, i;

  /* Calculate the length we'll need: a backslash takes two ("\\"),
     non-printable characters take 10 ("\Uxxxxxxxx") and others take 1.  */
  for (p = s, i = 0; i < slength; p++, i++)
    {
      if (*p == '\\')
        len += 2;
      else if (!gfc_wide_is_printable (*p))
        len += 10;
      else
        len++;
    }

  q = res = XCNEWVEC (char, len + 1);
  for (p = s, i = 0; i < slength; p++, i++)
    {
      if (*p == '\\')
        *q++ = '\\', *q++ = '\\';
      else if (!gfc_wide_is_printable (*p))
        {
          sprintf (q, "\\U%08" HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT "x",
                   (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) *p);
          q += 10;
        }
      else
        *q++ = (unsigned char) *p;
    }

  res[len] = '\0';
  return res;
}

static gfc_char_t *
unquote_string (const char *s)
{
  size_t len, i;
  const char *p;
  gfc_char_t *res;

  for (p = s, len = 0; *p; p++, len++)
    {
      if (*p != '\\')
        continue;
        
      if (p[1] == '\\')
        p++;
      else if (p[1] == 'U')
        p += 9; /* That is a "\U????????". */
      else
        gfc_internal_error ("unquote_string(): got bad string");
    }

  res = gfc_get_wide_string (len + 1);
  for (i = 0, p = s; i < len; i++, p++)
    {
      gcc_assert (*p);

      if (*p != '\\')
        res[i] = (unsigned char) *p;
      else if (p[1] == '\\')
        {
          res[i] = (unsigned char) '\\';
          p++;
        }
      else
        {
          /* We read the 8-digits hexadecimal constant that follows.  */
          int j;
          unsigned n;
          gfc_char_t c = 0;

          gcc_assert (p[1] == 'U');
          for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
            {
              c = c << 4;
              gcc_assert (sscanf (&p[j+2], "%01x", &n) == 1);
              c += n;
            }

          res[i] = c;
          p += 9;
        }
    }

  res[len] = '\0';
  return res;
}


/* Read or write a character pointer that points to a wide string on the
   heap, performing quoting/unquoting of nonprintable characters using the
   form \U???????? (where each ? is a hexadecimal digit).
   Length is the length of the string, only known and used in output mode.  */

static const gfc_char_t *
mio_allocated_wide_string (const gfc_char_t *s, const size_t length)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      char *quoted = quote_string (s, length);
      write_atom (ATOM_STRING, quoted);
      gfc_free (quoted);
      return s;
    }
  else
    {
      gfc_char_t *unquoted;

      require_atom (ATOM_STRING);
      unquoted = unquote_string (atom_string);
      gfc_free (atom_string);
      return unquoted;
    }
}


/* Read or write a string that is in static memory.  */

static void
mio_pool_string (const char **stringp)
{
  /* TODO: one could write the string only once, and refer to it via a
     fixup pointer.  */

  /* As a special case we have to deal with a NULL string.  This
     happens for the 'module' member of 'gfc_symbol's that are not in a
     module.  We read / write these as the empty string.  */
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      const char *p = *stringp == NULL ? "" : *stringp;
      write_atom (ATOM_STRING, p);
    }
  else
    {
      require_atom (ATOM_STRING);
      *stringp = atom_string[0] == '\0' ? NULL : gfc_get_string (atom_string);
      gfc_free (atom_string);
    }
}


/* Read or write a string that is inside of some already-allocated
   structure.  */

static void
mio_internal_string (char *string)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    write_atom (ATOM_STRING, string);
  else
    {
      require_atom (ATOM_STRING);
      strcpy (string, atom_string);
      gfc_free (atom_string);
    }
}


typedef enum
{ AB_ALLOCATABLE, AB_DIMENSION, AB_EXTERNAL, AB_INTRINSIC, AB_OPTIONAL,
  AB_POINTER, AB_TARGET, AB_DUMMY, AB_RESULT, AB_DATA,
  AB_IN_NAMELIST, AB_IN_COMMON, AB_FUNCTION, AB_SUBROUTINE, AB_SEQUENCE,
  AB_ELEMENTAL, AB_PURE, AB_RECURSIVE, AB_GENERIC, AB_ALWAYS_EXPLICIT,
  AB_CRAY_POINTER, AB_CRAY_POINTEE, AB_THREADPRIVATE, AB_ALLOC_COMP,
  AB_POINTER_COMP, AB_PRIVATE_COMP, AB_VALUE, AB_VOLATILE, AB_PROTECTED,
  AB_IS_BIND_C, AB_IS_C_INTEROP, AB_IS_ISO_C, AB_ABSTRACT, AB_ZERO_COMP,
  AB_IS_CLASS, AB_PROCEDURE, AB_PROC_POINTER, AB_ASYNCHRONOUS, AB_CODIMENSION,
  AB_COARRAY_COMP, AB_VTYPE, AB_VTAB, AB_CONTIGUOUS
}
ab_attribute;

static const mstring attr_bits[] =
{
    minit ("ALLOCATABLE", AB_ALLOCATABLE),
    minit ("ASYNCHRONOUS", AB_ASYNCHRONOUS),
    minit ("DIMENSION", AB_DIMENSION),
    minit ("CODIMENSION", AB_CODIMENSION),
    minit ("CONTIGUOUS", AB_CONTIGUOUS),
    minit ("EXTERNAL", AB_EXTERNAL),
    minit ("INTRINSIC", AB_INTRINSIC),
    minit ("OPTIONAL", AB_OPTIONAL),
    minit ("POINTER", AB_POINTER),
    minit ("VOLATILE", AB_VOLATILE),
    minit ("TARGET", AB_TARGET),
    minit ("THREADPRIVATE", AB_THREADPRIVATE),
    minit ("DUMMY", AB_DUMMY),
    minit ("RESULT", AB_RESULT),
    minit ("DATA", AB_DATA),
    minit ("IN_NAMELIST", AB_IN_NAMELIST),
    minit ("IN_COMMON", AB_IN_COMMON),
    minit ("FUNCTION", AB_FUNCTION),
    minit ("SUBROUTINE", AB_SUBROUTINE),
    minit ("SEQUENCE", AB_SEQUENCE),
    minit ("ELEMENTAL", AB_ELEMENTAL),
    minit ("PURE", AB_PURE),
    minit ("RECURSIVE", AB_RECURSIVE),
    minit ("GENERIC", AB_GENERIC),
    minit ("ALWAYS_EXPLICIT", AB_ALWAYS_EXPLICIT),
    minit ("CRAY_POINTER", AB_CRAY_POINTER),
    minit ("CRAY_POINTEE", AB_CRAY_POINTEE),
    minit ("IS_BIND_C", AB_IS_BIND_C),
    minit ("IS_C_INTEROP", AB_IS_C_INTEROP),
    minit ("IS_ISO_C", AB_IS_ISO_C),
    minit ("VALUE", AB_VALUE),
    minit ("ALLOC_COMP", AB_ALLOC_COMP),
    minit ("COARRAY_COMP", AB_COARRAY_COMP),
    minit ("POINTER_COMP", AB_POINTER_COMP),
    minit ("PRIVATE_COMP", AB_PRIVATE_COMP),
    minit ("ZERO_COMP", AB_ZERO_COMP),
    minit ("PROTECTED", AB_PROTECTED),
    minit ("ABSTRACT", AB_ABSTRACT),
    minit ("IS_CLASS", AB_IS_CLASS),
    minit ("PROCEDURE", AB_PROCEDURE),
    minit ("PROC_POINTER", AB_PROC_POINTER),
    minit ("VTYPE", AB_VTYPE),
    minit ("VTAB", AB_VTAB),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};

/* For binding attributes.  */
static const mstring binding_passing[] =
{
    minit ("PASS", 0),
    minit ("NOPASS", 1),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};
static const mstring binding_overriding[] =
{
    minit ("OVERRIDABLE", 0),
    minit ("NON_OVERRIDABLE", 1),
    minit ("DEFERRED", 2),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};
static const mstring binding_generic[] =
{
    minit ("SPECIFIC", 0),
    minit ("GENERIC", 1),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};
static const mstring binding_ppc[] =
{
    minit ("NO_PPC", 0),
    minit ("PPC", 1),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};

/* Specialization of mio_name.  */
DECL_MIO_NAME (ab_attribute)
DECL_MIO_NAME (ar_type)
DECL_MIO_NAME (array_type)
DECL_MIO_NAME (bt)
DECL_MIO_NAME (expr_t)
DECL_MIO_NAME (gfc_access)
DECL_MIO_NAME (gfc_intrinsic_op)
DECL_MIO_NAME (ifsrc)
DECL_MIO_NAME (save_state)
DECL_MIO_NAME (procedure_type)
DECL_MIO_NAME (ref_type)
DECL_MIO_NAME (sym_flavor)
DECL_MIO_NAME (sym_intent)
#undef DECL_MIO_NAME

/* Symbol attributes are stored in list with the first three elements
   being the enumerated fields, while the remaining elements (if any)
   indicate the individual attribute bits.  The access field is not
   saved-- it controls what symbols are exported when a module is
   written.  */

static void
mio_symbol_attribute (symbol_attribute *attr)
{
  atom_type t;
  unsigned ext_attr,extension_level;

  mio_lparen ();

  attr->flavor = MIO_NAME (sym_flavor) (attr->flavor, flavors);
  attr->intent = MIO_NAME (sym_intent) (attr->intent, intents);
  attr->proc = MIO_NAME (procedure_type) (attr->proc, procedures);
  attr->if_source = MIO_NAME (ifsrc) (attr->if_source, ifsrc_types);
  attr->save = MIO_NAME (save_state) (attr->save, save_status);
  
  ext_attr = attr->ext_attr;
  mio_integer ((int *) &ext_attr);
  attr->ext_attr = ext_attr;

  extension_level = attr->extension;
  mio_integer ((int *) &extension_level);
  attr->extension = extension_level;

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      if (attr->allocatable)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_ALLOCATABLE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->asynchronous)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_ASYNCHRONOUS, attr_bits);
      if (attr->dimension)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_DIMENSION, attr_bits);
      if (attr->codimension)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_CODIMENSION, attr_bits);
      if (attr->contiguous)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_CONTIGUOUS, attr_bits);
      if (attr->external)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_EXTERNAL, attr_bits);
      if (attr->intrinsic)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_INTRINSIC, attr_bits);
      if (attr->optional)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_OPTIONAL, attr_bits);
      if (attr->pointer)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_POINTER, attr_bits);
      if (attr->is_protected)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_PROTECTED, attr_bits);
      if (attr->value)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_VALUE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->volatile_)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_VOLATILE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->target)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_TARGET, attr_bits);
      if (attr->threadprivate)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_THREADPRIVATE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->dummy)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_DUMMY, attr_bits);
      if (attr->result)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_RESULT, attr_bits);
      /* We deliberately don't preserve the "entry" flag.  */

      if (attr->data)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_DATA, attr_bits);
      if (attr->in_namelist)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_IN_NAMELIST, attr_bits);
      if (attr->in_common)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_IN_COMMON, attr_bits);

      if (attr->function)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_FUNCTION, attr_bits);
      if (attr->subroutine)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_SUBROUTINE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->generic)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_GENERIC, attr_bits);
      if (attr->abstract)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_ABSTRACT, attr_bits);

      if (attr->sequence)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_SEQUENCE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->elemental)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_ELEMENTAL, attr_bits);
      if (attr->pure)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_PURE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->recursive)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_RECURSIVE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->always_explicit)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_ALWAYS_EXPLICIT, attr_bits);
      if (attr->cray_pointer)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_CRAY_POINTER, attr_bits);
      if (attr->cray_pointee)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_CRAY_POINTEE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->is_bind_c)
        MIO_NAME(ab_attribute) (AB_IS_BIND_C, attr_bits);
      if (attr->is_c_interop)
        MIO_NAME(ab_attribute) (AB_IS_C_INTEROP, attr_bits);
      if (attr->is_iso_c)
        MIO_NAME(ab_attribute) (AB_IS_ISO_C, attr_bits);
      if (attr->alloc_comp)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_ALLOC_COMP, attr_bits);
      if (attr->pointer_comp)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_POINTER_COMP, attr_bits);
      if (attr->private_comp)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_PRIVATE_COMP, attr_bits);
      if (attr->coarray_comp)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_COARRAY_COMP, attr_bits);
      if (attr->zero_comp)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_ZERO_COMP, attr_bits);
      if (attr->is_class)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_IS_CLASS, attr_bits);
      if (attr->procedure)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_PROCEDURE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->proc_pointer)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_PROC_POINTER, attr_bits);
      if (attr->vtype)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_VTYPE, attr_bits);
      if (attr->vtab)
        MIO_NAME (ab_attribute) (AB_VTAB, attr_bits);

      mio_rparen ();

    }
  else
    {
      for (;;)
        {
          t = parse_atom ();
          if (t == ATOM_RPAREN)
            break;
          if (t != ATOM_NAME)
            bad_module ("Expected attribute bit name");

          switch ((ab_attribute) find_enum (attr_bits))
            {
            case AB_ALLOCATABLE:
              attr->allocatable = 1;
              break;
            case AB_ASYNCHRONOUS:
              attr->asynchronous = 1;
              break;
            case AB_DIMENSION:
              attr->dimension = 1;
              break;
            case AB_CODIMENSION:
              attr->codimension = 1;
              break;
            case AB_CONTIGUOUS:
              attr->contiguous = 1;
              break;
            case AB_EXTERNAL:
              attr->external = 1;
              break;
            case AB_INTRINSIC:
              attr->intrinsic = 1;
              break;
            case AB_OPTIONAL:
              attr->optional = 1;
              break;
            case AB_POINTER:
              attr->pointer = 1;
              break;
            case AB_PROTECTED:
              attr->is_protected = 1;
              break;
            case AB_VALUE:
              attr->value = 1;
              break;
            case AB_VOLATILE:
              attr->volatile_ = 1;
              break;
            case AB_TARGET:
              attr->target = 1;
              break;
            case AB_THREADPRIVATE:
              attr->threadprivate = 1;
              break;
            case AB_DUMMY:
              attr->dummy = 1;
              break;
            case AB_RESULT:
              attr->result = 1;
              break;
            case AB_DATA:
              attr->data = 1;
              break;
            case AB_IN_NAMELIST:
              attr->in_namelist = 1;
              break;
            case AB_IN_COMMON:
              attr->in_common = 1;
              break;
            case AB_FUNCTION:
              attr->function = 1;
              break;
            case AB_SUBROUTINE:
              attr->subroutine = 1;
              break;
            case AB_GENERIC:
              attr->generic = 1;
              break;
            case AB_ABSTRACT:
              attr->abstract = 1;
              break;
            case AB_SEQUENCE:
              attr->sequence = 1;
              break;
            case AB_ELEMENTAL:
              attr->elemental = 1;
              break;
            case AB_PURE:
              attr->pure = 1;
              break;
            case AB_RECURSIVE:
              attr->recursive = 1;
              break;
            case AB_ALWAYS_EXPLICIT:
              attr->always_explicit = 1;
              break;
            case AB_CRAY_POINTER:
              attr->cray_pointer = 1;
              break;
            case AB_CRAY_POINTEE:
              attr->cray_pointee = 1;
              break;
            case AB_IS_BIND_C:
              attr->is_bind_c = 1;
              break;
            case AB_IS_C_INTEROP:
              attr->is_c_interop = 1;
              break;
            case AB_IS_ISO_C:
              attr->is_iso_c = 1;
              break;
            case AB_ALLOC_COMP:
              attr->alloc_comp = 1;
              break;
            case AB_COARRAY_COMP:
              attr->coarray_comp = 1;
              break;
            case AB_POINTER_COMP:
              attr->pointer_comp = 1;
              break;
            case AB_PRIVATE_COMP:
              attr->private_comp = 1;
              break;
            case AB_ZERO_COMP:
              attr->zero_comp = 1;
              break;
            case AB_IS_CLASS:
              attr->is_class = 1;
              break;
            case AB_PROCEDURE:
              attr->procedure = 1;
              break;
            case AB_PROC_POINTER:
              attr->proc_pointer = 1;
              break;
            case AB_VTYPE:
              attr->vtype = 1;
              break;
            case AB_VTAB:
              attr->vtab = 1;
              break;
            }
        }
    }
}


static const mstring bt_types[] = {
    minit ("INTEGER", BT_INTEGER),
    minit ("REAL", BT_REAL),
    minit ("COMPLEX", BT_COMPLEX),
    minit ("LOGICAL", BT_LOGICAL),
    minit ("CHARACTER", BT_CHARACTER),
    minit ("DERIVED", BT_DERIVED),
    minit ("CLASS", BT_CLASS),
    minit ("PROCEDURE", BT_PROCEDURE),
    minit ("UNKNOWN", BT_UNKNOWN),
    minit ("VOID", BT_VOID),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};


static void
mio_charlen (gfc_charlen **clp)
{
  gfc_charlen *cl;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      cl = *clp;
      if (cl != NULL)
        mio_expr (&cl->length);
    }
  else
    {
      if (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          cl = gfc_new_charlen (gfc_current_ns, NULL);
          mio_expr (&cl->length);
          *clp = cl;
        }
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


/* See if a name is a generated name.  */

static int
check_unique_name (const char *name)
{
  return *name == '@';
}


static void
mio_typespec (gfc_typespec *ts)
{
  mio_lparen ();

  ts->type = MIO_NAME (bt) (ts->type, bt_types);

  if (ts->type != BT_DERIVED && ts->type != BT_CLASS)
    mio_integer (&ts->kind);
  else
    mio_symbol_ref (&ts->u.derived);

  /* Add info for C interop and is_iso_c.  */
  mio_integer (&ts->is_c_interop);
  mio_integer (&ts->is_iso_c);
  
  /* If the typespec is for an identifier either from iso_c_binding, or
     a constant that was initialized to an identifier from it, use the
     f90_type.  Otherwise, use the ts->type, since it shouldn't matter.  */
  if (ts->is_iso_c)
    ts->f90_type = MIO_NAME (bt) (ts->f90_type, bt_types);
  else
    ts->f90_type = MIO_NAME (bt) (ts->type, bt_types);

  if (ts->type != BT_CHARACTER)
    {
      /* ts->u.cl is only valid for BT_CHARACTER.  */
      mio_lparen ();
      mio_rparen ();
    }
  else
    mio_charlen (&ts->u.cl);

  mio_rparen ();
}


static const mstring array_spec_types[] = {
    minit ("EXPLICIT", AS_EXPLICIT),
    minit ("ASSUMED_SHAPE", AS_ASSUMED_SHAPE),
    minit ("DEFERRED", AS_DEFERRED),
    minit ("ASSUMED_SIZE", AS_ASSUMED_SIZE),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};


static void
mio_array_spec (gfc_array_spec **asp)
{
  gfc_array_spec *as;
  int i;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      if (*asp == NULL)
        goto done;
      as = *asp;
    }
  else
    {
      if (peek_atom () == ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          *asp = NULL;
          goto done;
        }

      *asp = as = gfc_get_array_spec ();
    }

  mio_integer (&as->rank);
  mio_integer (&as->corank);
  as->type = MIO_NAME (array_type) (as->type, array_spec_types);

  for (i = 0; i < as->rank + as->corank; i++)
    {
      mio_expr (&as->lower[i]);
      mio_expr (&as->upper[i]);
    }

done:
  mio_rparen ();
}


/* Given a pointer to an array reference structure (which lives in a
   gfc_ref structure), find the corresponding array specification
   structure.  Storing the pointer in the ref structure doesn't quite
   work when loading from a module. Generating code for an array
   reference also needs more information than just the array spec.  */

static const mstring array_ref_types[] = {
    minit ("FULL", AR_FULL),
    minit ("ELEMENT", AR_ELEMENT),
    minit ("SECTION", AR_SECTION),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};


static void
mio_array_ref (gfc_array_ref *ar)
{
  int i;

  mio_lparen ();
  ar->type = MIO_NAME (ar_type) (ar->type, array_ref_types);
  mio_integer (&ar->dimen);

  switch (ar->type)
    {
    case AR_FULL:
      break;

    case AR_ELEMENT:
      for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
        mio_expr (&ar->start[i]);

      break;

    case AR_SECTION:
      for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
        {
          mio_expr (&ar->start[i]);
          mio_expr (&ar->end[i]);
          mio_expr (&ar->stride[i]);
        }

      break;

    case AR_UNKNOWN:
      gfc_internal_error ("mio_array_ref(): Unknown array ref");
    }

  /* Unfortunately, ar->dimen_type is an anonymous enumerated type so
     we can't call mio_integer directly.  Instead loop over each element
     and cast it to/from an integer.  */
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
        {
          int tmp = (int)ar->dimen_type[i];
          write_atom (ATOM_INTEGER, &tmp);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
        {
          require_atom (ATOM_INTEGER);
          ar->dimen_type[i] = (enum gfc_array_ref_dimen_type) atom_int;
        }
    }

  if (iomode == IO_INPUT)
    {
      ar->where = gfc_current_locus;

      for (i = 0; i < ar->dimen; i++)
        ar->c_where[i] = gfc_current_locus;
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


/* Saves or restores a pointer.  The pointer is converted back and
   forth from an integer.  We return the pointer_info pointer so that
   the caller can take additional action based on the pointer type.  */

static pointer_info *
mio_pointer_ref (void *gp)
{
  pointer_info *p;

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      p = get_pointer (*((char **) gp));
      write_atom (ATOM_INTEGER, &p->integer);
    }
  else
    {
      require_atom (ATOM_INTEGER);
      p = add_fixup (atom_int, gp);
    }

  return p;
}


/* Save and load references to components that occur within
   expressions.  We have to describe these references by a number and
   by name.  The number is necessary for forward references during
   reading, and the name is necessary if the symbol already exists in
   the namespace and is not loaded again.  */

static void
mio_component_ref (gfc_component **cp, gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  char name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];
  gfc_component *q;
  pointer_info *p;

  p = mio_pointer_ref (cp);
  if (p->type == P_UNKNOWN)
    p->type = P_COMPONENT;

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    mio_pool_string (&(*cp)->name);
  else
    {
      mio_internal_string (name);

      /* It can happen that a component reference can be read before the
         associated derived type symbol has been loaded. Return now and
         wait for a later iteration of load_needed.  */
      if (sym == NULL)
        return;

      if (sym->components != NULL && p->u.pointer == NULL)
        {
          /* Symbol already loaded, so search by name.  */
          for (q = sym->components; q; q = q->next)
            if (strcmp (q->name, name) == 0)
              break;

          if (q == NULL)
            gfc_internal_error ("mio_component_ref(): Component not found");

          associate_integer_pointer (p, q);
        }

      /* Make sure this symbol will eventually be loaded.  */
      p = find_pointer2 (sym);
      if (p->u.rsym.state == UNUSED)
        p->u.rsym.state = NEEDED;
    }
}


static void mio_namespace_ref (gfc_namespace **nsp);
static void mio_formal_arglist (gfc_formal_arglist **formal);
static void mio_typebound_proc (gfc_typebound_proc** proc);

static void
mio_component (gfc_component *c)
{
  pointer_info *p;
  int n;
  gfc_formal_arglist *formal;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      p = get_pointer (c);
      mio_integer (&p->integer);
    }
  else
    {
      mio_integer (&n);
      p = get_integer (n);
      associate_integer_pointer (p, c);
    }

  if (p->type == P_UNKNOWN)
    p->type = P_COMPONENT;

  mio_pool_string (&c->name);
  mio_typespec (&c->ts);
  mio_array_spec (&c->as);

  mio_symbol_attribute (&c->attr);
  c->attr.access = MIO_NAME (gfc_access) (c->attr.access, access_types); 

  mio_expr (&c->initializer);

  if (c->attr.proc_pointer)
    {
      if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
        {
          formal = c->formal;
          while (formal && !formal->sym)
            formal = formal->next;

          if (formal)
            mio_namespace_ref (&formal->sym->ns);
          else
            mio_namespace_ref (&c->formal_ns);
        }
      else
        {
          mio_namespace_ref (&c->formal_ns);
          /* TODO: if (c->formal_ns)
            {
              c->formal_ns->proc_name = c;
              c->refs++;
            }*/
        }

      mio_formal_arglist (&c->formal);

      mio_typebound_proc (&c->tb);
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


static void
mio_component_list (gfc_component **cp)
{
  gfc_component *c, *tail;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      for (c = *cp; c; c = c->next)
        mio_component (c);
    }
  else
    {
      *cp = NULL;
      tail = NULL;

      for (;;)
        {
          if (peek_atom () == ATOM_RPAREN)
            break;

          c = gfc_get_component ();
          mio_component (c);

          if (tail == NULL)
            *cp = c;
          else
            tail->next = c;

          tail = c;
        }
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


static void
mio_actual_arg (gfc_actual_arglist *a)
{
  mio_lparen ();
  mio_pool_string (&a->name);
  mio_expr (&a->expr);
  mio_rparen ();
}


static void
mio_actual_arglist (gfc_actual_arglist **ap)
{
  gfc_actual_arglist *a, *tail;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      for (a = *ap; a; a = a->next)
        mio_actual_arg (a);

    }
  else
    {
      tail = NULL;

      for (;;)
        {
          if (peek_atom () != ATOM_LPAREN)
            break;

          a = gfc_get_actual_arglist ();

          if (tail == NULL)
            *ap = a;
          else
            tail->next = a;

          tail = a;
          mio_actual_arg (a);
        }
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


/* Read and write formal argument lists.  */

static void
mio_formal_arglist (gfc_formal_arglist **formal)
{
  gfc_formal_arglist *f, *tail;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      for (f = *formal; f; f = f->next)
        mio_symbol_ref (&f->sym);
    }
  else
    {
      *formal = tail = NULL;

      while (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          f = gfc_get_formal_arglist ();
          mio_symbol_ref (&f->sym);

          if (*formal == NULL)
            *formal = f;
          else
            tail->next = f;

          tail = f;
        }
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


/* Save or restore a reference to a symbol node.  */

pointer_info *
mio_symbol_ref (gfc_symbol **symp)
{
  pointer_info *p;

  p = mio_pointer_ref (symp);
  if (p->type == P_UNKNOWN)
    p->type = P_SYMBOL;

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      if (p->u.wsym.state == UNREFERENCED)
        p->u.wsym.state = NEEDS_WRITE;
    }
  else
    {
      if (p->u.rsym.state == UNUSED)
        p->u.rsym.state = NEEDED;
    }
  return p;
}


/* Save or restore a reference to a symtree node.  */

static void
mio_symtree_ref (gfc_symtree **stp)
{
  pointer_info *p;
  fixup_t *f;

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    mio_symbol_ref (&(*stp)->n.sym);
  else
    {
      require_atom (ATOM_INTEGER);
      p = get_integer (atom_int);

      /* An unused equivalence member; make a symbol and a symtree
         for it.  */
      if (in_load_equiv && p->u.rsym.symtree == NULL)
        {
          /* Since this is not used, it must have a unique name.  */
          p->u.rsym.symtree = gfc_get_unique_symtree (gfc_current_ns);

          /* Make the symbol.  */
          if (p->u.rsym.sym == NULL)
            {
              p->u.rsym.sym = gfc_new_symbol (p->u.rsym.true_name,
                                              gfc_current_ns);
              p->u.rsym.sym->module = gfc_get_string (p->u.rsym.module);
            }

          p->u.rsym.symtree->n.sym = p->u.rsym.sym;
          p->u.rsym.symtree->n.sym->refs++;
          p->u.rsym.referenced = 1;

          /* If the symbol is PRIVATE and in COMMON, load_commons will
             generate a fixup symbol, which must be associated.  */
          if (p->fixup)
            resolve_fixups (p->fixup, p->u.rsym.sym);
          p->fixup = NULL;
        }
      
      if (p->type == P_UNKNOWN)
        p->type = P_SYMBOL;

      if (p->u.rsym.state == UNUSED)
        p->u.rsym.state = NEEDED;

      if (p->u.rsym.symtree != NULL)
        {
          *stp = p->u.rsym.symtree;
        }
      else
        {
          f = XCNEW (fixup_t);

          f->next = p->u.rsym.stfixup;
          p->u.rsym.stfixup = f;

          f->pointer = (void **) stp;
        }
    }
}


static void
mio_iterator (gfc_iterator **ip)
{
  gfc_iterator *iter;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      if (*ip == NULL)
        goto done;
    }
  else
    {
      if (peek_atom () == ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          *ip = NULL;
          goto done;
        }

      *ip = gfc_get_iterator ();
    }

  iter = *ip;

  mio_expr (&iter->var);
  mio_expr (&iter->start);
  mio_expr (&iter->end);
  mio_expr (&iter->step);

done:
  mio_rparen ();
}


static void
mio_constructor (gfc_constructor_base *cp)
{
  gfc_constructor *c;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      for (c = gfc_constructor_first (*cp); c; c = gfc_constructor_next (c))
        {
          mio_lparen ();
          mio_expr (&c->expr);
          mio_iterator (&c->iterator);
          mio_rparen ();
        }
    }
  else
    {
      while (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          c = gfc_constructor_append_expr (cp, NULL, NULL);

          mio_lparen ();
          mio_expr (&c->expr);
          mio_iterator (&c->iterator);
          mio_rparen ();
        }
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


static const mstring ref_types[] = {
    minit ("ARRAY", REF_ARRAY),
    minit ("COMPONENT", REF_COMPONENT),
    minit ("SUBSTRING", REF_SUBSTRING),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};


static void
mio_ref (gfc_ref **rp)
{
  gfc_ref *r;

  mio_lparen ();

  r = *rp;
  r->type = MIO_NAME (ref_type) (r->type, ref_types);

  switch (r->type)
    {
    case REF_ARRAY:
      mio_array_ref (&r->u.ar);
      break;

    case REF_COMPONENT:
      mio_symbol_ref (&r->u.c.sym);
      mio_component_ref (&r->u.c.component, r->u.c.sym);
      break;

    case REF_SUBSTRING:
      mio_expr (&r->u.ss.start);
      mio_expr (&r->u.ss.end);
      mio_charlen (&r->u.ss.length);
      break;
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


static void
mio_ref_list (gfc_ref **rp)
{
  gfc_ref *ref, *head, *tail;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      for (ref = *rp; ref; ref = ref->next)
        mio_ref (&ref);
    }
  else
    {
      head = tail = NULL;

      while (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          if (head == NULL)
            head = tail = gfc_get_ref ();
          else
            {
              tail->next = gfc_get_ref ();
              tail = tail->next;
            }

          mio_ref (&tail);
        }

      *rp = head;
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


/* Read and write an integer value.  */

static void
mio_gmp_integer (mpz_t *integer)
{
  char *p;

  if (iomode == IO_INPUT)
    {
      if (parse_atom () != ATOM_STRING)
        bad_module ("Expected integer string");

      mpz_init (*integer);
      if (mpz_set_str (*integer, atom_string, 10))
        bad_module ("Error converting integer");

      gfc_free (atom_string);
    }
  else
    {
      p = mpz_get_str (NULL, 10, *integer);
      write_atom (ATOM_STRING, p);
      gfc_free (p);
    }
}


static void
mio_gmp_real (mpfr_t *real)
{
  mp_exp_t exponent;
  char *p;

  if (iomode == IO_INPUT)
    {
      if (parse_atom () != ATOM_STRING)
        bad_module ("Expected real string");

      mpfr_init (*real);
      mpfr_set_str (*real, atom_string, 16, GFC_RND_MODE);
      gfc_free (atom_string);
    }
  else
    {
      p = mpfr_get_str (NULL, &exponent, 16, 0, *real, GFC_RND_MODE);

      if (mpfr_nan_p (*real) || mpfr_inf_p (*real))
        {
          write_atom (ATOM_STRING, p);
          gfc_free (p);
          return;
        }

      atom_string = XCNEWVEC (char, strlen (p) + 20);

      sprintf (atom_string, "0.%s@%ld", p, exponent);

      /* Fix negative numbers.  */
      if (atom_string[2] == '-')
        {
          atom_string[0] = '-';
          atom_string[1] = '0';
          atom_string[2] = '.';
        }

      write_atom (ATOM_STRING, atom_string);

      gfc_free (atom_string);
      gfc_free (p);
    }
}


/* Save and restore the shape of an array constructor.  */

static void
mio_shape (mpz_t **pshape, int rank)
{
  mpz_t *shape;
  atom_type t;
  int n;

  /* A NULL shape is represented by ().  */
  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      shape = *pshape;
      if (!shape)
        {
          mio_rparen ();
          return;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      t = peek_atom ();
      if (t == ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          *pshape = NULL;
          mio_rparen ();
          return;
        }

      shape = gfc_get_shape (rank);
      *pshape = shape;
    }

  for (n = 0; n < rank; n++)
    mio_gmp_integer (&shape[n]);

  mio_rparen ();
}


static const mstring expr_types[] = {
    minit ("OP", EXPR_OP),
    minit ("FUNCTION", EXPR_FUNCTION),
    minit ("CONSTANT", EXPR_CONSTANT),
    minit ("VARIABLE", EXPR_VARIABLE),
    minit ("SUBSTRING", EXPR_SUBSTRING),
    minit ("STRUCTURE", EXPR_STRUCTURE),
    minit ("ARRAY", EXPR_ARRAY),
    minit ("NULL", EXPR_NULL),
    minit ("COMPCALL", EXPR_COMPCALL),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};

/* INTRINSIC_ASSIGN is missing because it is used as an index for
   generic operators, not in expressions.  INTRINSIC_USER is also
   replaced by the correct function name by the time we see it.  */

static const mstring intrinsics[] =
{
    minit ("UPLUS", INTRINSIC_UPLUS),
    minit ("UMINUS", INTRINSIC_UMINUS),
    minit ("PLUS", INTRINSIC_PLUS),
    minit ("MINUS", INTRINSIC_MINUS),
    minit ("TIMES", INTRINSIC_TIMES),
    minit ("DIVIDE", INTRINSIC_DIVIDE),
    minit ("POWER", INTRINSIC_POWER),
    minit ("CONCAT", INTRINSIC_CONCAT),
    minit ("AND", INTRINSIC_AND),
    minit ("OR", INTRINSIC_OR),
    minit ("EQV", INTRINSIC_EQV),
    minit ("NEQV", INTRINSIC_NEQV),
    minit ("EQ_SIGN", INTRINSIC_EQ),
    minit ("EQ", INTRINSIC_EQ_OS),
    minit ("NE_SIGN", INTRINSIC_NE),
    minit ("NE", INTRINSIC_NE_OS),
    minit ("GT_SIGN", INTRINSIC_GT),
    minit ("GT", INTRINSIC_GT_OS),
    minit ("GE_SIGN", INTRINSIC_GE),
    minit ("GE", INTRINSIC_GE_OS),
    minit ("LT_SIGN", INTRINSIC_LT),
    minit ("LT", INTRINSIC_LT_OS),
    minit ("LE_SIGN", INTRINSIC_LE),
    minit ("LE", INTRINSIC_LE_OS),
    minit ("NOT", INTRINSIC_NOT),
    minit ("PARENTHESES", INTRINSIC_PARENTHESES),
    minit (NULL, -1)
};


/* Remedy a couple of situations where the gfc_expr's can be defective.  */
 
static void
fix_mio_expr (gfc_expr *e)
{
  gfc_symtree *ns_st = NULL;
  const char *fname;

  if (iomode != IO_OUTPUT)
    return;

  if (e->symtree)
    {
      /* If this is a symtree for a symbol that came from a contained module
         namespace, it has a unique name and we should look in the current
         namespace to see if the required, non-contained symbol is available
         yet. If so, the latter should be written.  */
      if (e->symtree->n.sym && check_unique_name (e->symtree->name))
        ns_st = gfc_find_symtree (gfc_current_ns->sym_root,
                                  e->symtree->n.sym->name);

      /* On the other hand, if the existing symbol is the module name or the
         new symbol is a dummy argument, do not do the promotion.  */
      if (ns_st && ns_st->n.sym
          && ns_st->n.sym->attr.flavor != FL_MODULE
          && !e->symtree->n.sym->attr.dummy)
        e->symtree = ns_st;
    }
  else if (e->expr_type == EXPR_FUNCTION && e->value.function.name)
    {
      gfc_symbol *sym;

      /* In some circumstances, a function used in an initialization
         expression, in one use associated module, can fail to be
         coupled to its symtree when used in a specification
         expression in another module.  */
      fname = e->value.function.esym ? e->value.function.esym->name
                                     : e->value.function.isym->name;
      e->symtree = gfc_find_symtree (gfc_current_ns->sym_root, fname);

      if (e->symtree)
        return;

      /* This is probably a reference to a private procedure from another
         module.  To prevent a segfault, make a generic with no specific
         instances.  If this module is used, without the required
         specific coming from somewhere, the appropriate error message
         is issued.  */
      gfc_get_symbol (fname, gfc_current_ns, &sym);
      sym->attr.flavor = FL_PROCEDURE;
      sym->attr.generic = 1;
      e->symtree = gfc_find_symtree (gfc_current_ns->sym_root, fname);
    }
}


/* Read and write expressions.  The form "()" is allowed to indicate a
   NULL expression.  */

static void
mio_expr (gfc_expr **ep)
{
  gfc_expr *e;
  atom_type t;
  int flag;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      if (*ep == NULL)
        {
          mio_rparen ();
          return;
        }

      e = *ep;
      MIO_NAME (expr_t) (e->expr_type, expr_types);
    }
  else
    {
      t = parse_atom ();
      if (t == ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          *ep = NULL;
          return;
        }

      if (t != ATOM_NAME)
        bad_module ("Expected expression type");

      e = *ep = gfc_get_expr ();
      e->where = gfc_current_locus;
      e->expr_type = (expr_t) find_enum (expr_types);
    }

  mio_typespec (&e->ts);
  mio_integer (&e->rank);

  fix_mio_expr (e);

  switch (e->expr_type)
    {
    case EXPR_OP:
      e->value.op.op
        = MIO_NAME (gfc_intrinsic_op) (e->value.op.op, intrinsics);

      switch (e->value.op.op)
        {
        case INTRINSIC_UPLUS:
        case INTRINSIC_UMINUS:
        case INTRINSIC_NOT:
        case INTRINSIC_PARENTHESES:
          mio_expr (&e->value.op.op1);
          break;

        case INTRINSIC_PLUS:
        case INTRINSIC_MINUS:
        case INTRINSIC_TIMES:
        case INTRINSIC_DIVIDE:
        case INTRINSIC_POWER:
        case INTRINSIC_CONCAT:
        case INTRINSIC_AND:
        case INTRINSIC_OR:
        case INTRINSIC_EQV:
        case INTRINSIC_NEQV:
        case INTRINSIC_EQ:
        case INTRINSIC_EQ_OS:
        case INTRINSIC_NE:
        case INTRINSIC_NE_OS:
        case INTRINSIC_GT:
        case INTRINSIC_GT_OS:
        case INTRINSIC_GE:
        case INTRINSIC_GE_OS:
        case INTRINSIC_LT:
        case INTRINSIC_LT_OS:
        case INTRINSIC_LE:
        case INTRINSIC_LE_OS:
          mio_expr (&e->value.op.op1);
          mio_expr (&e->value.op.op2);
          break;

        default:
          bad_module ("Bad operator");
        }

      break;

    case EXPR_FUNCTION:
      mio_symtree_ref (&e->symtree);
      mio_actual_arglist (&e->value.function.actual);

      if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
        {
          e->value.function.name
            = mio_allocated_string (e->value.function.name);
          flag = e->value.function.esym != NULL;
          mio_integer (&flag);
          if (flag)
            mio_symbol_ref (&e->value.function.esym);
          else
            write_atom (ATOM_STRING, e->value.function.isym->name);
        }
      else
        {
          require_atom (ATOM_STRING);
          e->value.function.name = gfc_get_string (atom_string);
          gfc_free (atom_string);

          mio_integer (&flag);
          if (flag)
            mio_symbol_ref (&e->value.function.esym);
          else
            {
              require_atom (ATOM_STRING);
              e->value.function.isym = gfc_find_function (atom_string);
              gfc_free (atom_string);
            }
        }

      break;

    case EXPR_VARIABLE:
      mio_symtree_ref (&e->symtree);
      mio_ref_list (&e->ref);
      break;

    case EXPR_SUBSTRING:
      e->value.character.string
        = CONST_CAST (gfc_char_t *,
                      mio_allocated_wide_string (e->value.character.string,
                                                 e->value.character.length));
      mio_ref_list (&e->ref);
      break;

    case EXPR_STRUCTURE:
    case EXPR_ARRAY:
      mio_constructor (&e->value.constructor);
      mio_shape (&e->shape, e->rank);
      break;

    case EXPR_CONSTANT:
      switch (e->ts.type)
        {
        case BT_INTEGER:
          mio_gmp_integer (&e->value.integer);
          break;

        case BT_REAL:
          gfc_set_model_kind (e->ts.kind);
          mio_gmp_real (&e->value.real);
          break;

        case BT_COMPLEX:
          gfc_set_model_kind (e->ts.kind);
          mio_gmp_real (&mpc_realref (e->value.complex));
          mio_gmp_real (&mpc_imagref (e->value.complex));
          break;

        case BT_LOGICAL:
          mio_integer (&e->value.logical);
          break;

        case BT_CHARACTER:
          mio_integer (&e->value.character.length);
          e->value.character.string
            = CONST_CAST (gfc_char_t *,
                          mio_allocated_wide_string (e->value.character.string,
                                                     e->value.character.length));
          break;

        default:
          bad_module ("Bad type in constant expression");
        }

      break;

    case EXPR_NULL:
      break;

    case EXPR_COMPCALL:
    case EXPR_PPC:
      gcc_unreachable ();
      break;
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


/* Read and write namelists.  */

static void
mio_namelist (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_namelist *n, *m;
  const char *check_name;

  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      for (n = sym->namelist; n; n = n->next)
        mio_symbol_ref (&n->sym);
    }
  else
    {
      /* This departure from the standard is flagged as an error.
         It does, in fact, work correctly. TODO: Allow it
         conditionally?  */
      if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_NAMELIST)
        {
          check_name = find_use_name (sym->name, false);
          if (check_name && strcmp (check_name, sym->name) != 0)
            gfc_error ("Namelist %s cannot be renamed by USE "
                       "association to %s", sym->name, check_name);
        }

      m = NULL;
      while (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          n = gfc_get_namelist ();
          mio_symbol_ref (&n->sym);

          if (sym->namelist == NULL)
            sym->namelist = n;
          else
            m->next = n;

          m = n;
        }
      sym->namelist_tail = m;
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


/* Save/restore lists of gfc_interface structures.  When loading an
   interface, we are really appending to the existing list of
   interfaces.  Checking for duplicate and ambiguous interfaces has to
   be done later when all symbols have been loaded.  */

pointer_info *
mio_interface_rest (gfc_interface **ip)
{
  gfc_interface *tail, *p;
  pointer_info *pi = NULL;

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      if (ip != NULL)
        for (p = *ip; p; p = p->next)
          mio_symbol_ref (&p->sym);
    }
  else
    {
      if (*ip == NULL)
        tail = NULL;
      else
        {
          tail = *ip;
          while (tail->next)
            tail = tail->next;
        }

      for (;;)
        {
          if (peek_atom () == ATOM_RPAREN)
            break;

          p = gfc_get_interface ();
          p->where = gfc_current_locus;
          pi = mio_symbol_ref (&p->sym);

          if (tail == NULL)
            *ip = p;
          else
            tail->next = p;

          tail = p;
        }
    }

  mio_rparen ();
  return pi;
}


/* Save/restore a nameless operator interface.  */

static void
mio_interface (gfc_interface **ip)
{
  mio_lparen ();
  mio_interface_rest (ip);
}


/* Save/restore a named operator interface.  */

static void
mio_symbol_interface (const char **name, const char **module,
                      gfc_interface **ip)
{
  mio_lparen ();
  mio_pool_string (name);
  mio_pool_string (module);
  mio_interface_rest (ip);
}


static void
mio_namespace_ref (gfc_namespace **nsp)
{
  gfc_namespace *ns;
  pointer_info *p;

  p = mio_pointer_ref (nsp);

  if (p->type == P_UNKNOWN)
    p->type = P_NAMESPACE;

  if (iomode == IO_INPUT && p->integer != 0)
    {
      ns = (gfc_namespace *) p->u.pointer;
      if (ns == NULL)
        {
          ns = gfc_get_namespace (NULL, 0);
          associate_integer_pointer (p, ns);
        }
      else
        ns->refs++;
    }
}


/* Save/restore the f2k_derived namespace of a derived-type symbol.  */

static gfc_namespace* current_f2k_derived;

static void
mio_typebound_proc (gfc_typebound_proc** proc)
{
  int flag;
  int overriding_flag;

  if (iomode == IO_INPUT)
    {
      *proc = gfc_get_typebound_proc (NULL);
      (*proc)->where = gfc_current_locus;
    }
  gcc_assert (*proc);

  mio_lparen ();

  (*proc)->access = MIO_NAME (gfc_access) ((*proc)->access, access_types);

  /* IO the NON_OVERRIDABLE/DEFERRED combination.  */
  gcc_assert (!((*proc)->deferred && (*proc)->non_overridable));
  overriding_flag = ((*proc)->deferred << 1) | (*proc)->non_overridable;
  overriding_flag = mio_name (overriding_flag, binding_overriding);
  (*proc)->deferred = ((overriding_flag & 2) != 0);
  (*proc)->non_overridable = ((overriding_flag & 1) != 0);
  gcc_assert (!((*proc)->deferred && (*proc)->non_overridable));

  (*proc)->nopass = mio_name ((*proc)->nopass, binding_passing);
  (*proc)->is_generic = mio_name ((*proc)->is_generic, binding_generic);
  (*proc)->ppc = mio_name((*proc)->ppc, binding_ppc);

  mio_pool_string (&((*proc)->pass_arg));

  flag = (int) (*proc)->pass_arg_num;
  mio_integer (&flag);
  (*proc)->pass_arg_num = (unsigned) flag;

  if ((*proc)->is_generic)
    {
      gfc_tbp_generic* g;

      mio_lparen ();

      if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
        for (g = (*proc)->u.generic; g; g = g->next)
          mio_allocated_string (g->specific_st->name);
      else
        {
          (*proc)->u.generic = NULL;
          while (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
            {
              gfc_symtree** sym_root;

              g = gfc_get_tbp_generic ();
              g->specific = NULL;

              require_atom (ATOM_STRING);
              sym_root = &current_f2k_derived->tb_sym_root;
              g->specific_st = gfc_get_tbp_symtree (sym_root, atom_string);
              gfc_free (atom_string);

              g->next = (*proc)->u.generic;
              (*proc)->u.generic = g;
            }
        }

      mio_rparen ();
    }
  else if (!(*proc)->ppc)
    mio_symtree_ref (&(*proc)->u.specific);

  mio_rparen ();
}

/* Walker-callback function for this purpose.  */
static void
mio_typebound_symtree (gfc_symtree* st)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT && !st->n.tb)
    return;

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      mio_lparen ();
      mio_allocated_string (st->name);
    }
  /* For IO_INPUT, the above is done in mio_f2k_derived.  */

  mio_typebound_proc (&st->n.tb);
  mio_rparen ();
}

/* IO a full symtree (in all depth).  */
static void
mio_full_typebound_tree (gfc_symtree** root)
{
  mio_lparen ();

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    gfc_traverse_symtree (*root, &mio_typebound_symtree);
  else
    {
      while (peek_atom () == ATOM_LPAREN)
        {
          gfc_symtree* st;

          mio_lparen (); 

          require_atom (ATOM_STRING);
          st = gfc_get_tbp_symtree (root, atom_string);
          gfc_free (atom_string);

          mio_typebound_symtree (st);
        }
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}

static void
mio_finalizer (gfc_finalizer **f)
{
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      gcc_assert (*f);
      gcc_assert ((*f)->proc_tree); /* Should already be resolved.  */
      mio_symtree_ref (&(*f)->proc_tree);
    }
  else
    {
      *f = gfc_get_finalizer ();
      (*f)->where = gfc_current_locus; /* Value should not matter.  */
      (*f)->next = NULL;

      mio_symtree_ref (&(*f)->proc_tree);
      (*f)->proc_sym = NULL;
    }
}

static void
mio_f2k_derived (gfc_namespace *f2k)
{
  current_f2k_derived = f2k;

  /* Handle the list of finalizer procedures.  */
  mio_lparen ();
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      gfc_finalizer *f;
      for (f = f2k->finalizers; f; f = f->next)
        mio_finalizer (&f);
    }
  else
    {
      f2k->finalizers = NULL;
      while (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          gfc_finalizer *cur = NULL;
          mio_finalizer (&cur);
          cur->next = f2k->finalizers;
          f2k->finalizers = cur;
        }
    }
  mio_rparen ();

  /* Handle type-bound procedures.  */
  mio_full_typebound_tree (&f2k->tb_sym_root);

  /* Type-bound user operators.  */
  mio_full_typebound_tree (&f2k->tb_uop_root);

  /* Type-bound intrinsic operators.  */
  mio_lparen ();
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      int op;
      for (op = GFC_INTRINSIC_BEGIN; op != GFC_INTRINSIC_END; ++op)
        {
          gfc_intrinsic_op realop;

          if (op == INTRINSIC_USER || !f2k->tb_op[op])
            continue;

          mio_lparen ();
          realop = (gfc_intrinsic_op) op;
          mio_intrinsic_op (&realop);
          mio_typebound_proc (&f2k->tb_op[op]);
          mio_rparen ();
        }
    }
  else
    while (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
      {
        gfc_intrinsic_op op = GFC_INTRINSIC_BEGIN; /* Silence GCC.  */

        mio_lparen ();
        mio_intrinsic_op (&op);
        mio_typebound_proc (&f2k->tb_op[op]);
        mio_rparen ();
      }
  mio_rparen ();
}

static void
mio_full_f2k_derived (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  mio_lparen ();
  
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      if (sym->f2k_derived)
        mio_f2k_derived (sym->f2k_derived);
    }
  else
    {
      if (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
        {
          sym->f2k_derived = gfc_get_namespace (NULL, 0);
          mio_f2k_derived (sym->f2k_derived);
        }
      else
        gcc_assert (!sym->f2k_derived);
    }

  mio_rparen ();
}


/* Unlike most other routines, the address of the symbol node is already
   fixed on input and the name/module has already been filled in.  */

static void
mio_symbol (gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  int intmod = INTMOD_NONE;
  
  mio_lparen ();

  mio_symbol_attribute (&sym->attr);
  mio_typespec (&sym->ts);

  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    mio_namespace_ref (&sym->formal_ns);
  else
    {
      mio_namespace_ref (&sym->formal_ns);
      if (sym->formal_ns)
        {
          sym->formal_ns->proc_name = sym;
          sym->refs++;
        }
    }

  /* Save/restore common block links.  */
  mio_symbol_ref (&sym->common_next);

  mio_formal_arglist (&sym->formal);

  if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_PARAMETER)
    mio_expr (&sym->value);

  mio_array_spec (&sym->as);

  mio_symbol_ref (&sym->result);

  if (sym->attr.cray_pointee)
    mio_symbol_ref (&sym->cp_pointer);

  /* Note that components are always saved, even if they are supposed
     to be private.  Component access is checked during searching.  */

  mio_component_list (&sym->components);

  if (sym->components != NULL)
    sym->component_access
      = MIO_NAME (gfc_access) (sym->component_access, access_types);

  /* Load/save the f2k_derived namespace of a derived-type symbol.  */
  mio_full_f2k_derived (sym);

  mio_namelist (sym);

  /* Add the fields that say whether this is from an intrinsic module,
     and if so, what symbol it is within the module.  */
/*   mio_integer (&(sym->from_intmod)); */
  if (iomode == IO_OUTPUT)
    {
      intmod = sym->from_intmod;
      mio_integer (&intmod);
    }
  else
    {
      mio_integer (&intmod);
      sym->from_intmod = (intmod_id) intmod;
    }
  
  mio_integer (&(sym->intmod_sym_id));

  if (sym->attr.flavor == FL_DERIVED)
    mio_integer (&(sym->hash_value));

  mio_rparen ();
}


/************************* Top level subroutines *************************/

/* Given a root symtree node and a symbol, try to find a symtree that
   references the symbol that is not a unique name.  */

static gfc_symtree *
find_symtree_for_symbol (gfc_symtree *st, gfc_symbol *sym)
{
  gfc_symtree *s = NULL;

  if (st == NULL)
    return s;

  s = find_symtree_for_symbol (st->right, sym);
  if (s != NULL)
    return s;
  s = find_symtree_for_symbol (st->left, sym);
  if (s != NULL)
    return s;

  if (st->n.sym == sym && !check_unique_name (st->name))
    return st;

  return s;
}


/* A recursive function to look for a specific symbol by name and by
   module.  Whilst several symtrees might point to one symbol, its
   is sufficient for the purposes here than one exist.  Note that
   generic interfaces are distinguished as are symbols that have been
   renamed in another module.  */
static gfc_symtree *
find_symbol (gfc_symtree *st, const char *name,
             const char *module, int generic)
{
  int c;
  gfc_symtree *retval, *s;

  if (st == NULL || st->n.sym == NULL)
    return NULL;

  c = strcmp (name, st->n.sym->name);
  if (c == 0 && st->n.sym->module
             && strcmp (module, st->n.sym->module) == 0
             && !check_unique_name (st->name))
    {
      s = gfc_find_symtree (gfc_current_ns->sym_root, name);

      /* Detect symbols that are renamed by use association in another
         module by the absence of a symtree and null attr.use_rename,
         since the latter is not transmitted in the module file.  */
      if (((!generic && !st->n.sym->attr.generic)
                || (generic && st->n.sym->attr.generic))
            && !(s == NULL && !st->n.sym->attr.use_rename))
        return st;
    }

  retval = find_symbol (st->left, name, module, generic);

  if (retval == NULL)
    retval = find_symbol (st->right, name, module, generic);

  return retval;
}


/* Skip a list between balanced left and right parens.  */

static void
skip_list (void)
{
  int level;

  level = 0;
  do
    {
      switch (parse_atom ())
        {
        case ATOM_LPAREN:
          level++;
          break;

        case ATOM_RPAREN:
          level--;
          break;

        case ATOM_STRING:
          gfc_free (atom_string);
          break;

        case ATOM_NAME:
        case ATOM_INTEGER:
          break;
        }
    }
  while (level > 0);
}


/* Load operator interfaces from the module.  Interfaces are unusual
   in that they attach themselves to existing symbols.  */

static void
load_operator_interfaces (void)
{
  const char *p;
  char name[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1], module[GFC_MAX_SYMBOL_LEN + 1];
  gfc_user_op *uop;
  pointer_info *pi = NULL;
  int n, i;

  mio_lparen ();

  while (peek_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN)
    {
      mio_lparen ();

      mio_internal_string (name);
      mio_internal_string (module);

      n = number_use_names (name, true);
      n = n ? n : 1;

      for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
          /* Decide if we need to load this one or not.  */
          p = find_use_name_n (name, &i, true);

          if (p == NULL)
            {
              while (parse_atom () != ATOM_RPAREN);
              continue;