2005-07-08 Daniel Berlin <dberlin@dberlin.org>

[pf3gnuchains/gcc-fork.git] / gcc / expmed.c

/* Medium-level subroutines: convert bit-field store and extract
   and shifts, multiplies and divides to rtl instructions.
   Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
   1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301, USA.  */


#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "coretypes.h"
#include "tm.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "tm_p.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "insn-config.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "optabs.h"
#include "real.h"
#include "recog.h"
#include "langhooks.h"

static void store_fixed_bit_field (rtx, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT,
                                   unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT,
                                   unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT, rtx);
static void store_split_bit_field (rtx, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT,
                                   unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT, rtx);
static rtx extract_fixed_bit_field (enum machine_mode, rtx,
                                    unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT,
                                    unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT,
                                    unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT, rtx, int);
static rtx mask_rtx (enum machine_mode, int, int, int);
static rtx lshift_value (enum machine_mode, rtx, int, int);
static rtx extract_split_bit_field (rtx, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT,
                                    unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT, int);
static void do_cmp_and_jump (rtx, rtx, enum rtx_code, enum machine_mode, rtx);
static rtx expand_smod_pow2 (enum machine_mode, rtx, HOST_WIDE_INT);
static rtx expand_sdiv_pow2 (enum machine_mode, rtx, HOST_WIDE_INT);

/* Test whether a value is zero of a power of two.  */
#define EXACT_POWER_OF_2_OR_ZERO_P(x) (((x) & ((x) - 1)) == 0)

/* Nonzero means divides or modulus operations are relatively cheap for
   powers of two, so don't use branches; emit the operation instead.
   Usually, this will mean that the MD file will emit non-branch
   sequences.  */

static bool sdiv_pow2_cheap[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];
static bool smod_pow2_cheap[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];

#ifndef SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
#define SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS(MODE, ALIGN) STRICT_ALIGNMENT
#endif

/* For compilers that support multiple targets with different word sizes,
   MAX_BITS_PER_WORD contains the biggest value of BITS_PER_WORD.  An example
   is the H8/300(H) compiler.  */

#ifndef MAX_BITS_PER_WORD
#define MAX_BITS_PER_WORD BITS_PER_WORD
#endif

/* Reduce conditional compilation elsewhere.  */
#ifndef HAVE_insv
#define HAVE_insv       0
#define CODE_FOR_insv   CODE_FOR_nothing
#define gen_insv(a,b,c,d) NULL_RTX
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_extv
#define HAVE_extv       0
#define CODE_FOR_extv   CODE_FOR_nothing
#define gen_extv(a,b,c,d) NULL_RTX
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_extzv
#define HAVE_extzv      0
#define CODE_FOR_extzv  CODE_FOR_nothing
#define gen_extzv(a,b,c,d) NULL_RTX
#endif

/* Cost of various pieces of RTL.  Note that some of these are indexed by
   shift count and some by mode.  */
static int zero_cost;
static int add_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];
static int neg_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];
static int shift_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES][MAX_BITS_PER_WORD];
static int shiftadd_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES][MAX_BITS_PER_WORD];
static int shiftsub_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES][MAX_BITS_PER_WORD];
static int mul_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];
static int div_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];
static int mul_widen_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];
static int mul_highpart_cost[NUM_MACHINE_MODES];

void
init_expmed (void)
{
  struct
  {
    struct rtx_def reg;         rtunion reg_fld[2];
    struct rtx_def plus;        rtunion plus_fld1;
    struct rtx_def neg;
    struct rtx_def udiv;        rtunion udiv_fld1;
    struct rtx_def mult;        rtunion mult_fld1;
    struct rtx_def div;         rtunion div_fld1;
    struct rtx_def mod;         rtunion mod_fld1;
    struct rtx_def zext;
    struct rtx_def wide_mult;   rtunion wide_mult_fld1;
    struct rtx_def wide_lshr;   rtunion wide_lshr_fld1;
    struct rtx_def wide_trunc;
    struct rtx_def shift;       rtunion shift_fld1;
    struct rtx_def shift_mult;  rtunion shift_mult_fld1;
    struct rtx_def shift_add;   rtunion shift_add_fld1;
    struct rtx_def shift_sub;   rtunion shift_sub_fld1;
  } all;

  rtx pow2[MAX_BITS_PER_WORD];
  rtx cint[MAX_BITS_PER_WORD];
  int m, n;
  enum machine_mode mode, wider_mode;

  zero_cost = rtx_cost (const0_rtx, 0);

  for (m = 1; m < MAX_BITS_PER_WORD; m++)
    {
      pow2[m] = GEN_INT ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << m);
      cint[m] = GEN_INT (m);
    }

  memset (&all, 0, sizeof all);

  PUT_CODE (&all.reg, REG);
  /* Avoid using hard regs in ways which may be unsupported.  */
  REGNO (&all.reg) = LAST_VIRTUAL_REGISTER + 1;

  PUT_CODE (&all.plus, PLUS);
  XEXP (&all.plus, 0) = &all.reg;
  XEXP (&all.plus, 1) = &all.reg;

  PUT_CODE (&all.neg, NEG);
  XEXP (&all.neg, 0) = &all.reg;

  PUT_CODE (&all.udiv, UDIV);
  XEXP (&all.udiv, 0) = &all.reg;
  XEXP (&all.udiv, 1) = &all.reg;

  PUT_CODE (&all.mult, MULT);
  XEXP (&all.mult, 0) = &all.reg;
  XEXP (&all.mult, 1) = &all.reg;

  PUT_CODE (&all.div, DIV);
  XEXP (&all.div, 0) = &all.reg;
  XEXP (&all.div, 1) = 32 < MAX_BITS_PER_WORD ? cint[32] : GEN_INT (32);

  PUT_CODE (&all.mod, MOD);
  XEXP (&all.mod, 0) = &all.reg;
  XEXP (&all.mod, 1) = XEXP (&all.div, 1);

  PUT_CODE (&all.zext, ZERO_EXTEND);
  XEXP (&all.zext, 0) = &all.reg;

  PUT_CODE (&all.wide_mult, MULT);
  XEXP (&all.wide_mult, 0) = &all.zext;
  XEXP (&all.wide_mult, 1) = &all.zext;

  PUT_CODE (&all.wide_lshr, LSHIFTRT);
  XEXP (&all.wide_lshr, 0) = &all.wide_mult;

  PUT_CODE (&all.wide_trunc, TRUNCATE);
  XEXP (&all.wide_trunc, 0) = &all.wide_lshr;

  PUT_CODE (&all.shift, ASHIFT);
  XEXP (&all.shift, 0) = &all.reg;

  PUT_CODE (&all.shift_mult, MULT);
  XEXP (&all.shift_mult, 0) = &all.reg;

  PUT_CODE (&all.shift_add, PLUS);
  XEXP (&all.shift_add, 0) = &all.shift_mult;
  XEXP (&all.shift_add, 1) = &all.reg;

  PUT_CODE (&all.shift_sub, MINUS);
  XEXP (&all.shift_sub, 0) = &all.shift_mult;
  XEXP (&all.shift_sub, 1) = &all.reg;

  for (mode = GET_CLASS_NARROWEST_MODE (MODE_INT);
       mode != VOIDmode;
       mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode))
    {
      PUT_MODE (&all.reg, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.plus, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.neg, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.udiv, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.mult, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.div, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.mod, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.wide_trunc, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.shift, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.shift_mult, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.shift_add, mode);
      PUT_MODE (&all.shift_sub, mode);

      add_cost[mode] = rtx_cost (&all.plus, SET);
      neg_cost[mode] = rtx_cost (&all.neg, SET);
      div_cost[mode] = rtx_cost (&all.udiv, SET);
      mul_cost[mode] = rtx_cost (&all.mult, SET);

      sdiv_pow2_cheap[mode] = (rtx_cost (&all.div, SET) <= 2 * add_cost[mode]);
      smod_pow2_cheap[mode] = (rtx_cost (&all.mod, SET) <= 4 * add_cost[mode]);

      wider_mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode);
      if (wider_mode != VOIDmode)
        {
          PUT_MODE (&all.zext, wider_mode);
          PUT_MODE (&all.wide_mult, wider_mode);
          PUT_MODE (&all.wide_lshr, wider_mode);
          XEXP (&all.wide_lshr, 1) = GEN_INT (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode));

          mul_widen_cost[wider_mode] = rtx_cost (&all.wide_mult, SET);
          mul_highpart_cost[mode] = rtx_cost (&all.wide_trunc, SET);
        }

      shift_cost[mode][0] = 0;
      shiftadd_cost[mode][0] = shiftsub_cost[mode][0] = add_cost[mode];

      n = MIN (MAX_BITS_PER_WORD, GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode));
      for (m = 1; m < n; m++)
        {
          XEXP (&all.shift, 1) = cint[m];
          XEXP (&all.shift_mult, 1) = pow2[m];

          shift_cost[mode][m] = rtx_cost (&all.shift, SET);
          shiftadd_cost[mode][m] = rtx_cost (&all.shift_add, SET);
          shiftsub_cost[mode][m] = rtx_cost (&all.shift_sub, SET);
        }
    }
}

/* Return an rtx representing minus the value of X.
   MODE is the intended mode of the result,
   useful if X is a CONST_INT.  */

rtx
negate_rtx (enum machine_mode mode, rtx x)
{
  rtx result = simplify_unary_operation (NEG, mode, x, mode);

  if (result == 0)
    result = expand_unop (mode, neg_optab, x, NULL_RTX, 0);

  return result;
}

/* Report on the availability of insv/extv/extzv and the desired mode
   of each of their operands.  Returns MAX_MACHINE_MODE if HAVE_foo
   is false; else the mode of the specified operand.  If OPNO is -1,
   all the caller cares about is whether the insn is available.  */
enum machine_mode
mode_for_extraction (enum extraction_pattern pattern, int opno)
{
  const struct insn_data *data;

  switch (pattern)
    {
    case EP_insv:
      if (HAVE_insv)
        {
          data = &insn_data[CODE_FOR_insv];
          break;
        }
      return MAX_MACHINE_MODE;

    case EP_extv:
      if (HAVE_extv)
        {
          data = &insn_data[CODE_FOR_extv];
          break;
        }
      return MAX_MACHINE_MODE;

    case EP_extzv:
      if (HAVE_extzv)
        {
          data = &insn_data[CODE_FOR_extzv];
          break;
        }
      return MAX_MACHINE_MODE;

    default:
      gcc_unreachable ();
    }

  if (opno == -1)
    return VOIDmode;

  /* Everyone who uses this function used to follow it with
     if (result == VOIDmode) result = word_mode; */
  if (data->operand[opno].mode == VOIDmode)
    return word_mode;
  return data->operand[opno].mode;
}

\f
/* Generate code to store value from rtx VALUE
   into a bit-field within structure STR_RTX
   containing BITSIZE bits starting at bit BITNUM.
   FIELDMODE is the machine-mode of the FIELD_DECL node for this field.
   ALIGN is the alignment that STR_RTX is known to have.
   TOTAL_SIZE is the size of the structure in bytes, or -1 if varying.  */

/* ??? Note that there are two different ideas here for how
   to determine the size to count bits within, for a register.
   One is BITS_PER_WORD, and the other is the size of operand 3
   of the insv pattern.

   If operand 3 of the insv pattern is VOIDmode, then we will use BITS_PER_WORD
   else, we use the mode of operand 3.  */

rtx
store_bit_field (rtx str_rtx, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize,
                 unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitnum, enum machine_mode fieldmode,
                 rtx value)
{
  unsigned int unit
    = (MEM_P (str_rtx)) ? BITS_PER_UNIT : BITS_PER_WORD;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT offset, bitpos;
  rtx op0 = str_rtx;
  int byte_offset;
  rtx orig_value;

  enum machine_mode op_mode = mode_for_extraction (EP_insv, 3);

  while (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
    {
      /* The following line once was done only if WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN,
         but I think that is a mistake.  WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN is
         meaningful at a much higher level; when structures are copied
         between memory and regs, the higher-numbered regs
         always get higher addresses.  */
      bitnum += SUBREG_BYTE (op0) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
      op0 = SUBREG_REG (op0);
    }

  /* No action is needed if the target is a register and if the field
     lies completely outside that register.  This can occur if the source
     code contains an out-of-bounds access to a small array.  */
  if (REG_P (op0) && bitnum >= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)))
    return value;

  /* Use vec_set patterns for inserting parts of vectors whenever
     available.  */
  if (VECTOR_MODE_P (GET_MODE (op0))
      && !MEM_P (op0)
      && (vec_set_optab->handlers[GET_MODE (op0)].insn_code
          != CODE_FOR_nothing)
      && fieldmode == GET_MODE_INNER (GET_MODE (op0))
      && bitsize == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE_INNER (GET_MODE (op0)))
      && !(bitnum % GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE_INNER (GET_MODE (op0)))))
    {
      enum machine_mode outermode = GET_MODE (op0);
      enum machine_mode innermode = GET_MODE_INNER (outermode);
      int icode = (int) vec_set_optab->handlers[outermode].insn_code;
      int pos = bitnum / GET_MODE_BITSIZE (innermode);
      rtx rtxpos = GEN_INT (pos);
      rtx src = value;
      rtx dest = op0;
      rtx pat, seq;
      enum machine_mode mode0 = insn_data[icode].operand[0].mode;
      enum machine_mode mode1 = insn_data[icode].operand[1].mode;
      enum machine_mode mode2 = insn_data[icode].operand[2].mode;

      start_sequence ();

      if (! (*insn_data[icode].operand[1].predicate) (src, mode1))
        src = copy_to_mode_reg (mode1, src);

      if (! (*insn_data[icode].operand[2].predicate) (rtxpos, mode2))
        rtxpos = copy_to_mode_reg (mode1, rtxpos);

      /* We could handle this, but we should always be called with a pseudo
         for our targets and all insns should take them as outputs.  */
      gcc_assert ((*insn_data[icode].operand[0].predicate) (dest, mode0)
                  && (*insn_data[icode].operand[1].predicate) (src, mode1)
                  && (*insn_data[icode].operand[2].predicate) (rtxpos, mode2));
      pat = GEN_FCN (icode) (dest, src, rtxpos);
      seq = get_insns ();
      end_sequence ();
      if (pat)
        {
          emit_insn (seq);
          emit_insn (pat);
          return dest;
        }
    }

  /* If the target is a register, overwriting the entire object, or storing
     a full-word or multi-word field can be done with just a SUBREG.

     If the target is memory, storing any naturally aligned field can be
     done with a simple store.  For targets that support fast unaligned
     memory, any naturally sized, unit aligned field can be done directly.  */

  offset = bitnum / unit;
  bitpos = bitnum % unit;
  byte_offset = (bitnum % BITS_PER_WORD) / BITS_PER_UNIT
                + (offset * UNITS_PER_WORD);

  if (bitpos == 0
      && bitsize == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (fieldmode)
      && (!MEM_P (op0)
          ? ((GET_MODE_SIZE (fieldmode) >= UNITS_PER_WORD
             || GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (op0)) == GET_MODE_SIZE (fieldmode))
             && byte_offset % GET_MODE_SIZE (fieldmode) == 0)
          : (! SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS (fieldmode, MEM_ALIGN (op0))
             || (offset * BITS_PER_UNIT % bitsize == 0
                 && MEM_ALIGN (op0) % GET_MODE_BITSIZE (fieldmode) == 0))))
    {
      if (GET_MODE (op0) != fieldmode)
        {
          if (MEM_P (op0))
            op0 = adjust_address (op0, fieldmode, offset);
          else
            op0 = simplify_gen_subreg (fieldmode, op0, GET_MODE (op0),
                                       byte_offset);
        }
      emit_move_insn (op0, value);
      return value;
    }

  /* Make sure we are playing with integral modes.  Pun with subregs
     if we aren't.  This must come after the entire register case above,
     since that case is valid for any mode.  The following cases are only
     valid for integral modes.  */
  {
    enum machine_mode imode = int_mode_for_mode (GET_MODE (op0));
    if (imode != GET_MODE (op0))
      {
        if (MEM_P (op0))
          op0 = adjust_address (op0, imode, 0);
        else
          {
            gcc_assert (imode != BLKmode);
            op0 = gen_lowpart (imode, op0);
          }
      }
  }

  /* We may be accessing data outside the field, which means
     we can alias adjacent data.  */
  if (MEM_P (op0))
    {
      op0 = shallow_copy_rtx (op0);
      set_mem_alias_set (op0, 0);
      set_mem_expr (op0, 0);
    }

  /* If OP0 is a register, BITPOS must count within a word.
     But as we have it, it counts within whatever size OP0 now has.
     On a bigendian machine, these are not the same, so convert.  */
  if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN
      && !MEM_P (op0)
      && unit > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)))
    bitpos += unit - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0));

  /* Storing an lsb-aligned field in a register
     can be done with a movestrict instruction.  */

  if (!MEM_P (op0)
      && (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN ? bitpos + bitsize == unit : bitpos == 0)
      && bitsize == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (fieldmode)
      && (movstrict_optab->handlers[fieldmode].insn_code
          != CODE_FOR_nothing))
    {
      int icode = movstrict_optab->handlers[fieldmode].insn_code;

      /* Get appropriate low part of the value being stored.  */
      if (GET_CODE (value) == CONST_INT || REG_P (value))
        value = gen_lowpart (fieldmode, value);
      else if (!(GET_CODE (value) == SYMBOL_REF
                 || GET_CODE (value) == LABEL_REF
                 || GET_CODE (value) == CONST))
        value = convert_to_mode (fieldmode, value, 0);

      if (! (*insn_data[icode].operand[1].predicate) (value, fieldmode))
        value = copy_to_mode_reg (fieldmode, value);

      if (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
        {
          /* Else we've got some float mode source being extracted into
             a different float mode destination -- this combination of
             subregs results in Severe Tire Damage.  */
          gcc_assert (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)) == fieldmode
                      || GET_MODE_CLASS (fieldmode) == MODE_INT
                      || GET_MODE_CLASS (fieldmode) == MODE_PARTIAL_INT);
          op0 = SUBREG_REG (op0);
        }

      emit_insn (GEN_FCN (icode)
                 (gen_rtx_SUBREG (fieldmode, op0,
                                  (bitnum % BITS_PER_WORD) / BITS_PER_UNIT
                                  + (offset * UNITS_PER_WORD)),
                                  value));

      return value;
    }

  /* Handle fields bigger than a word.  */

  if (bitsize > BITS_PER_WORD)
    {
      /* Here we transfer the words of the field
         in the order least significant first.
         This is because the most significant word is the one which may
         be less than full.
         However, only do that if the value is not BLKmode.  */

      unsigned int backwards = WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN && fieldmode != BLKmode;
      unsigned int nwords = (bitsize + (BITS_PER_WORD - 1)) / BITS_PER_WORD;
      unsigned int i;

      /* This is the mode we must force value to, so that there will be enough
         subwords to extract.  Note that fieldmode will often (always?) be
         VOIDmode, because that is what store_field uses to indicate that this
         is a bit field, but passing VOIDmode to operand_subword_force
         is not allowed.  */
      fieldmode = GET_MODE (value);
      if (fieldmode == VOIDmode)
        fieldmode = smallest_mode_for_size (nwords * BITS_PER_WORD, MODE_INT);

      for (i = 0; i < nwords; i++)
        {
          /* If I is 0, use the low-order word in both field and target;
             if I is 1, use the next to lowest word; and so on.  */
          unsigned int wordnum = (backwards ? nwords - i - 1 : i);
          unsigned int bit_offset = (backwards
                                     ? MAX ((int) bitsize - ((int) i + 1)
                                            * BITS_PER_WORD,
                                            0)
                                     : (int) i * BITS_PER_WORD);

          store_bit_field (op0, MIN (BITS_PER_WORD,
                                     bitsize - i * BITS_PER_WORD),
                           bitnum + bit_offset, word_mode,
                           operand_subword_force (value, wordnum, fieldmode));
        }
      return value;
    }

  /* From here on we can assume that the field to be stored in is
     a full-word (whatever type that is), since it is shorter than a word.  */

  /* OFFSET is the number of words or bytes (UNIT says which)
     from STR_RTX to the first word or byte containing part of the field.  */

  if (!MEM_P (op0))
    {
      if (offset != 0
          || GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (op0)) > UNITS_PER_WORD)
        {
          if (!REG_P (op0))
            {
              /* Since this is a destination (lvalue), we can't copy
                 it to a pseudo.  We can remove a SUBREG that does not
                 change the size of the operand.  Such a SUBREG may
                 have been added above.  */
              gcc_assert (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG
                          && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (op0))
                              == GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)))));
              op0 = SUBREG_REG (op0);
            }
          op0 = gen_rtx_SUBREG (mode_for_size (BITS_PER_WORD, MODE_INT, 0),
                                op0, (offset * UNITS_PER_WORD));
        }
      offset = 0;
    }

  /* If VALUE has a floating-point or complex mode, access it as an
     integer of the corresponding size.  This can occur on a machine
     with 64 bit registers that uses SFmode for float.  It can also
     occur for unaligned float or complex fields.  */
  orig_value = value;
  if (GET_MODE (value) != VOIDmode
      && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (value)) != MODE_INT
      && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (value)) != MODE_PARTIAL_INT)
    {
      value = gen_reg_rtx (int_mode_for_mode (GET_MODE (value)));
      emit_move_insn (gen_lowpart (GET_MODE (orig_value), value), orig_value);
    }

  /* Now OFFSET is nonzero only if OP0 is memory
     and is therefore always measured in bytes.  */

  if (HAVE_insv
      && GET_MODE (value) != BLKmode
      && !(bitsize == 1 && GET_CODE (value) == CONST_INT)
      /* Ensure insv's size is wide enough for this field.  */
      && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (op_mode) >= bitsize)
      && ! ((REG_P (op0) || GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
            && (bitsize + bitpos > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (op_mode))))
    {
      int xbitpos = bitpos;
      rtx value1;
      rtx xop0 = op0;
      rtx last = get_last_insn ();
      rtx pat;
      enum machine_mode maxmode = mode_for_extraction (EP_insv, 3);
      int save_volatile_ok = volatile_ok;

      volatile_ok = 1;

      /* If this machine's insv can only insert into a register, copy OP0
         into a register and save it back later.  */
      if (MEM_P (op0)
          && ! ((*insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_insv].operand[0].predicate)
                (op0, VOIDmode)))
        {
          rtx tempreg;
          enum machine_mode bestmode;

          /* Get the mode to use for inserting into this field.  If OP0 is
             BLKmode, get the smallest mode consistent with the alignment. If
             OP0 is a non-BLKmode object that is no wider than MAXMODE, use its
             mode. Otherwise, use the smallest mode containing the field.  */

          if (GET_MODE (op0) == BLKmode
              || GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (op0)) > GET_MODE_SIZE (maxmode))
            bestmode
              = get_best_mode (bitsize, bitnum, MEM_ALIGN (op0), maxmode,
                               MEM_VOLATILE_P (op0));
          else
            bestmode = GET_MODE (op0);

          if (bestmode == VOIDmode
              || (SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS (bestmode, MEM_ALIGN (op0))
                  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (bestmode) > MEM_ALIGN (op0)))
            goto insv_loses;

          /* Adjust address to point to the containing unit of that mode.
             Compute offset as multiple of this unit, counting in bytes.  */
          unit = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (bestmode);
          offset = (bitnum / unit) * GET_MODE_SIZE (bestmode);
          bitpos = bitnum % unit;
          op0 = adjust_address (op0, bestmode,  offset);

          /* Fetch that unit, store the bitfield in it, then store
             the unit.  */
          tempreg = copy_to_reg (op0);
          store_bit_field (tempreg, bitsize, bitpos, fieldmode, orig_value);
          emit_move_insn (op0, tempreg);
          return value;
        }
      volatile_ok = save_volatile_ok;

      /* Add OFFSET into OP0's address.  */
      if (MEM_P (xop0))
        xop0 = adjust_address (xop0, byte_mode, offset);

      /* If xop0 is a register, we need it in MAXMODE
         to make it acceptable to the format of insv.  */
      if (GET_CODE (xop0) == SUBREG)
        /* We can't just change the mode, because this might clobber op0,
           and we will need the original value of op0 if insv fails.  */
        xop0 = gen_rtx_SUBREG (maxmode, SUBREG_REG (xop0), SUBREG_BYTE (xop0));
      if (REG_P (xop0) && GET_MODE (xop0) != maxmode)
        xop0 = gen_rtx_SUBREG (maxmode, xop0, 0);

      /* On big-endian machines, we count bits from the most significant.
         If the bit field insn does not, we must invert.  */

      if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN != BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
        xbitpos = unit - bitsize - xbitpos;

      /* We have been counting XBITPOS within UNIT.
         Count instead within the size of the register.  */
      if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN && !MEM_P (xop0))
        xbitpos += GET_MODE_BITSIZE (maxmode) - unit;

      unit = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (maxmode);

      /* Convert VALUE to maxmode (which insv insn wants) in VALUE1.  */
      value1 = value;
      if (GET_MODE (value) != maxmode)
        {
          if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (value)) >= bitsize)
            {
              /* Optimization: Don't bother really extending VALUE
                 if it has all the bits we will actually use.  However,
                 if we must narrow it, be sure we do it correctly.  */

              if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (value)) < GET_MODE_SIZE (maxmode))
                {
                  rtx tmp;

                  tmp = simplify_subreg (maxmode, value1, GET_MODE (value), 0);
                  if (! tmp)
                    tmp = simplify_gen_subreg (maxmode,
                                               force_reg (GET_MODE (value),
                                                          value1),
                                               GET_MODE (value), 0);
                  value1 = tmp;
                }
              else
                value1 = gen_lowpart (maxmode, value1);
            }
          else if (GET_CODE (value) == CONST_INT)
            value1 = gen_int_mode (INTVAL (value), maxmode);
          else
            /* Parse phase is supposed to make VALUE's data type
               match that of the component reference, which is a type
               at least as wide as the field; so VALUE should have
               a mode that corresponds to that type.  */
            gcc_assert (CONSTANT_P (value));
        }

      /* If this machine's insv insists on a register,
         get VALUE1 into a register.  */
      if (! ((*insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_insv].operand[3].predicate)
             (value1, maxmode)))
        value1 = force_reg (maxmode, value1);

      pat = gen_insv (xop0, GEN_INT (bitsize), GEN_INT (xbitpos), value1);
      if (pat)
        emit_insn (pat);
      else
        {
          delete_insns_since (last);
          store_fixed_bit_field (op0, offset, bitsize, bitpos, value);
        }
    }
  else
    insv_loses:
    /* Insv is not available; store using shifts and boolean ops.  */
    store_fixed_bit_field (op0, offset, bitsize, bitpos, value);
  return value;
}
\f
/* Use shifts and boolean operations to store VALUE
   into a bit field of width BITSIZE
   in a memory location specified by OP0 except offset by OFFSET bytes.
     (OFFSET must be 0 if OP0 is a register.)
   The field starts at position BITPOS within the byte.
    (If OP0 is a register, it may be a full word or a narrower mode,
     but BITPOS still counts within a full word,
     which is significant on bigendian machines.)  */

static void
store_fixed_bit_field (rtx op0, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT offset,
                       unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize,
                       unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitpos, rtx value)
{
  enum machine_mode mode;
  unsigned int total_bits = BITS_PER_WORD;
  rtx subtarget, temp;
  int all_zero = 0;
  int all_one = 0;

  /* There is a case not handled here:
     a structure with a known alignment of just a halfword
     and a field split across two aligned halfwords within the structure.
     Or likewise a structure with a known alignment of just a byte
     and a field split across two bytes.
     Such cases are not supposed to be able to occur.  */

  if (REG_P (op0) || GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
    {
      gcc_assert (!offset);
      /* Special treatment for a bit field split across two registers.  */
      if (bitsize + bitpos > BITS_PER_WORD)
        {
          store_split_bit_field (op0, bitsize, bitpos, value);
          return;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      /* Get the proper mode to use for this field.  We want a mode that
         includes the entire field.  If such a mode would be larger than
         a word, we won't be doing the extraction the normal way.
         We don't want a mode bigger than the destination.  */

      mode = GET_MODE (op0);
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) == 0
          || GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (word_mode))
        mode = word_mode;
      mode = get_best_mode (bitsize, bitpos + offset * BITS_PER_UNIT,
                            MEM_ALIGN (op0), mode, MEM_VOLATILE_P (op0));

      if (mode == VOIDmode)
        {
          /* The only way this should occur is if the field spans word
             boundaries.  */
          store_split_bit_field (op0, bitsize, bitpos + offset * BITS_PER_UNIT,
                                 value);
          return;
        }

      total_bits = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);

      /* Make sure bitpos is valid for the chosen mode.  Adjust BITPOS to
         be in the range 0 to total_bits-1, and put any excess bytes in
         OFFSET.  */
      if (bitpos >= total_bits)
        {
          offset += (bitpos / total_bits) * (total_bits / BITS_PER_UNIT);
          bitpos -= ((bitpos / total_bits) * (total_bits / BITS_PER_UNIT)
                     * BITS_PER_UNIT);
        }

      /* Get ref to an aligned byte, halfword, or word containing the field.
         Adjust BITPOS to be position within a word,
         and OFFSET to be the offset of that word.
         Then alter OP0 to refer to that word.  */
      bitpos += (offset % (total_bits / BITS_PER_UNIT)) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
      offset -= (offset % (total_bits / BITS_PER_UNIT));
      op0 = adjust_address (op0, mode, offset);
    }

  mode = GET_MODE (op0);

  /* Now MODE is either some integral mode for a MEM as OP0,
     or is a full-word for a REG as OP0.  TOTAL_BITS corresponds.
     The bit field is contained entirely within OP0.
     BITPOS is the starting bit number within OP0.
     (OP0's mode may actually be narrower than MODE.)  */

  if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
      /* BITPOS is the distance between our msb
         and that of the containing datum.
         Convert it to the distance from the lsb.  */
      bitpos = total_bits - bitsize - bitpos;

  /* Now BITPOS is always the distance between our lsb
     and that of OP0.  */

  /* Shift VALUE left by BITPOS bits.  If VALUE is not constant,
     we must first convert its mode to MODE.  */

  if (GET_CODE (value) == CONST_INT)
    {
      HOST_WIDE_INT v = INTVAL (value);

      if (bitsize < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
        v &= ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << bitsize) - 1;

      if (v == 0)
        all_zero = 1;
      else if ((bitsize < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
                && v == ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << bitsize) - 1)
               || (bitsize == HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT && v == -1))
        all_one = 1;

      value = lshift_value (mode, value, bitpos, bitsize);
    }
  else
    {
      int must_and = (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (value)) != bitsize
                      && bitpos + bitsize != GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode));

      if (GET_MODE (value) != mode)
        {
          if ((REG_P (value) || GET_CODE (value) == SUBREG)
              && GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (value)))
            value = gen_lowpart (mode, value);
          else
            value = convert_to_mode (mode, value, 1);
        }

      if (must_and)
        value = expand_binop (mode, and_optab, value,
                              mask_rtx (mode, 0, bitsize, 0),
                              NULL_RTX, 1, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
      if (bitpos > 0)
        value = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, value,
                              build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, bitpos), NULL_RTX, 1);
    }

  /* Now clear the chosen bits in OP0,
     except that if VALUE is -1 we need not bother.  */

  subtarget = op0;

  if (! all_one)
    {
      temp = expand_binop (mode, and_optab, op0,
                           mask_rtx (mode, bitpos, bitsize, 1),
                           subtarget, 1, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
      subtarget = temp;
    }
  else
    temp = op0;

  /* Now logical-or VALUE into OP0, unless it is zero.  */

  if (! all_zero)
    temp = expand_binop (mode, ior_optab, temp, value,
                         subtarget, 1, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
  if (op0 != temp)
    emit_move_insn (op0, temp);
}
\f
/* Store a bit field that is split across multiple accessible memory objects.

   OP0 is the REG, SUBREG or MEM rtx for the first of the objects.
   BITSIZE is the field width; BITPOS the position of its first bit
   (within the word).
   VALUE is the value to store.

   This does not yet handle fields wider than BITS_PER_WORD.  */

static void
store_split_bit_field (rtx op0, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize,
                       unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitpos, rtx value)
{
  unsigned int unit;
  unsigned int bitsdone = 0;

  /* Make sure UNIT isn't larger than BITS_PER_WORD, we can only handle that
     much at a time.  */
  if (REG_P (op0) || GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
    unit = BITS_PER_WORD;
  else
    unit = MIN (MEM_ALIGN (op0), BITS_PER_WORD);

  /* If VALUE is a constant other than a CONST_INT, get it into a register in
     WORD_MODE.  If we can do this using gen_lowpart_common, do so.  Note
     that VALUE might be a floating-point constant.  */
  if (CONSTANT_P (value) && GET_CODE (value) != CONST_INT)
    {
      rtx word = gen_lowpart_common (word_mode, value);

      if (word && (value != word))
        value = word;
      else
        value = gen_lowpart_common (word_mode,
                                    force_reg (GET_MODE (value) != VOIDmode
                                               ? GET_MODE (value)
                                               : word_mode, value));
    }

  while (bitsdone < bitsize)
    {
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT thissize;
      rtx part, word;
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT thispos;
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT offset;

      offset = (bitpos + bitsdone) / unit;
      thispos = (bitpos + bitsdone) % unit;

      /* THISSIZE must not overrun a word boundary.  Otherwise,
         store_fixed_bit_field will call us again, and we will mutually
         recurse forever.  */
      thissize = MIN (bitsize - bitsdone, BITS_PER_WORD);
      thissize = MIN (thissize, unit - thispos);

      if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
        {
          int total_bits;

          /* We must do an endian conversion exactly the same way as it is
             done in extract_bit_field, so that the two calls to
             extract_fixed_bit_field will have comparable arguments.  */
          if (!MEM_P (value) || GET_MODE (value) == BLKmode)
            total_bits = BITS_PER_WORD;
          else
            total_bits = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (value));

          /* Fetch successively less significant portions.  */
          if (GET_CODE (value) == CONST_INT)
            part = GEN_INT (((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) (INTVAL (value))
                             >> (bitsize - bitsdone - thissize))
                            & (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << thissize) - 1));
          else
            /* The args are chosen so that the last part includes the
               lsb.  Give extract_bit_field the value it needs (with
               endianness compensation) to fetch the piece we want.  */
            part = extract_fixed_bit_field (word_mode, value, 0, thissize,
                                            total_bits - bitsize + bitsdone,
                                            NULL_RTX, 1);
        }
      else
        {
          /* Fetch successively more significant portions.  */
          if (GET_CODE (value) == CONST_INT)
            part = GEN_INT (((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) (INTVAL (value))
                             >> bitsdone)
                            & (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << thissize) - 1));
          else
            part = extract_fixed_bit_field (word_mode, value, 0, thissize,
                                            bitsdone, NULL_RTX, 1);
        }

      /* If OP0 is a register, then handle OFFSET here.

         When handling multiword bitfields, extract_bit_field may pass
         down a word_mode SUBREG of a larger REG for a bitfield that actually
         crosses a word boundary.  Thus, for a SUBREG, we must find
         the current word starting from the base register.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
        {
          int word_offset = (SUBREG_BYTE (op0) / UNITS_PER_WORD) + offset;
          word = operand_subword_force (SUBREG_REG (op0), word_offset,
                                        GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)));
          offset = 0;
        }
      else if (REG_P (op0))
        {
          word = operand_subword_force (op0, offset, GET_MODE (op0));
          offset = 0;
        }
      else
        word = op0;

      /* OFFSET is in UNITs, and UNIT is in bits.
         store_fixed_bit_field wants offset in bytes.  */
      store_fixed_bit_field (word, offset * unit / BITS_PER_UNIT, thissize,
                             thispos, part);
      bitsdone += thissize;
    }
}
\f
/* Generate code to extract a byte-field from STR_RTX
   containing BITSIZE bits, starting at BITNUM,
   and put it in TARGET if possible (if TARGET is nonzero).
   Regardless of TARGET, we return the rtx for where the value is placed.

   STR_RTX is the structure containing the byte (a REG or MEM).
   UNSIGNEDP is nonzero if this is an unsigned bit field.
   MODE is the natural mode of the field value once extracted.
   TMODE is the mode the caller would like the value to have;
   but the value may be returned with type MODE instead.

   TOTAL_SIZE is the size in bytes of the containing structure,
   or -1 if varying.

   If a TARGET is specified and we can store in it at no extra cost,
   we do so, and return TARGET.
   Otherwise, we return a REG of mode TMODE or MODE, with TMODE preferred
   if they are equally easy.  */

rtx
extract_bit_field (rtx str_rtx, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize,
                   unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitnum, int unsignedp, rtx target,
                   enum machine_mode mode, enum machine_mode tmode)
{
  unsigned int unit
    = (MEM_P (str_rtx)) ? BITS_PER_UNIT : BITS_PER_WORD;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT offset, bitpos;
  rtx op0 = str_rtx;
  rtx spec_target = target;
  rtx spec_target_subreg = 0;
  enum machine_mode int_mode;
  enum machine_mode extv_mode = mode_for_extraction (EP_extv, 0);
  enum machine_mode extzv_mode = mode_for_extraction (EP_extzv, 0);
  enum machine_mode mode1;
  int byte_offset;

  if (tmode == VOIDmode)
    tmode = mode;

  while (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
    {
      bitnum += SUBREG_BYTE (op0) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
      op0 = SUBREG_REG (op0);
    }

  /* If we have an out-of-bounds access to a register, just return an
     uninitialized register of the required mode.  This can occur if the
     source code contains an out-of-bounds access to a small array.  */
  if (REG_P (op0) && bitnum >= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)))
    return gen_reg_rtx (tmode);

  if (REG_P (op0)
      && mode == GET_MODE (op0)
      && bitnum == 0
      && bitsize == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)))
    {
      /* We're trying to extract a full register from itself.  */
      return op0;
    }

  /* Use vec_extract patterns for extracting parts of vectors whenever
     available.  */
  if (VECTOR_MODE_P (GET_MODE (op0))
      && !MEM_P (op0)
      && (vec_extract_optab->handlers[GET_MODE (op0)].insn_code
          != CODE_FOR_nothing)
      && ((bitnum + bitsize - 1) / GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE_INNER (GET_MODE (op0)))
          == bitnum / GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE_INNER (GET_MODE (op0)))))
    {
      enum machine_mode outermode = GET_MODE (op0);
      enum machine_mode innermode = GET_MODE_INNER (outermode);
      int icode = (int) vec_extract_optab->handlers[outermode].insn_code;
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT pos = bitnum / GET_MODE_BITSIZE (innermode);
      rtx rtxpos = GEN_INT (pos);
      rtx src = op0;
      rtx dest = NULL, pat, seq;
      enum machine_mode mode0 = insn_data[icode].operand[0].mode;
      enum machine_mode mode1 = insn_data[icode].operand[1].mode;
      enum machine_mode mode2 = insn_data[icode].operand[2].mode;

      if (innermode == tmode || innermode == mode)
        dest = target;

      if (!dest)
        dest = gen_reg_rtx (innermode);

      start_sequence ();

      if (! (*insn_data[icode].operand[0].predicate) (dest, mode0))
        dest = copy_to_mode_reg (mode0, dest);

      if (! (*insn_data[icode].operand[1].predicate) (src, mode1))
        src = copy_to_mode_reg (mode1, src);

      if (! (*insn_data[icode].operand[2].predicate) (rtxpos, mode2))
        rtxpos = copy_to_mode_reg (mode1, rtxpos);

      /* We could handle this, but we should always be called with a pseudo
         for our targets and all insns should take them as outputs.  */
      gcc_assert ((*insn_data[icode].operand[0].predicate) (dest, mode0)
                  && (*insn_data[icode].operand[1].predicate) (src, mode1)
                  && (*insn_data[icode].operand[2].predicate) (rtxpos, mode2));

      pat = GEN_FCN (icode) (dest, src, rtxpos);
      seq = get_insns ();
      end_sequence ();
      if (pat)
        {
          emit_insn (seq);
          emit_insn (pat);
          return dest;
        }
    }

  /* Make sure we are playing with integral modes.  Pun with subregs
     if we aren't.  */
  {
    enum machine_mode imode = int_mode_for_mode (GET_MODE (op0));
    if (imode != GET_MODE (op0))
      {
        if (MEM_P (op0))
          op0 = adjust_address (op0, imode, 0);
        else
          {
            gcc_assert (imode != BLKmode);
            op0 = gen_lowpart (imode, op0);

            /* If we got a SUBREG, force it into a register since we
               aren't going to be able to do another SUBREG on it.  */
            if (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
              op0 = force_reg (imode, op0);
          }
      }
  }

  /* We may be accessing data outside the field, which means
     we can alias adjacent data.  */
  if (MEM_P (op0))
    {
      op0 = shallow_copy_rtx (op0);
      set_mem_alias_set (op0, 0);
      set_mem_expr (op0, 0);
    }

  /* Extraction of a full-word or multi-word value from a structure
     in a register or aligned memory can be done with just a SUBREG.
     A subword value in the least significant part of a register
     can also be extracted with a SUBREG.  For this, we need the
     byte offset of the value in op0.  */

  bitpos = bitnum % unit;
  offset = bitnum / unit;
  byte_offset = bitpos / BITS_PER_UNIT + offset * UNITS_PER_WORD;

  /* If OP0 is a register, BITPOS must count within a word.
     But as we have it, it counts within whatever size OP0 now has.
     On a bigendian machine, these are not the same, so convert.  */
  if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN
      && !MEM_P (op0)
      && unit > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)))
    bitpos += unit - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0));

  /* ??? We currently assume TARGET is at least as big as BITSIZE.
     If that's wrong, the solution is to test for it and set TARGET to 0
     if needed.  */

  /* Only scalar integer modes can be converted via subregs.  There is an
     additional problem for FP modes here in that they can have a precision
     which is different from the size.  mode_for_size uses precision, but
     we want a mode based on the size, so we must avoid calling it for FP
     modes.  */
  mode1  = (SCALAR_INT_MODE_P (tmode)
            ? mode_for_size (bitsize, GET_MODE_CLASS (tmode), 0)
            : mode);

  if (((bitsize >= BITS_PER_WORD && bitsize == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)
        && bitpos % BITS_PER_WORD == 0)
       || (mode1 != BLKmode
           /* ??? The big endian test here is wrong.  This is correct
              if the value is in a register, and if mode_for_size is not
              the same mode as op0.  This causes us to get unnecessarily
              inefficient code from the Thumb port when -mbig-endian.  */
           && (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN
               ? bitpos + bitsize == BITS_PER_WORD
               : bitpos == 0)))
      && ((!MEM_P (op0)
           && TRULY_NOOP_TRUNCATION (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode),
                                     GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)))
           && GET_MODE_SIZE (mode1) != 0
           && byte_offset % GET_MODE_SIZE (mode1) == 0)
          || (MEM_P (op0)
              && (! SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS (mode, MEM_ALIGN (op0))
                  || (offset * BITS_PER_UNIT % bitsize == 0
                      && MEM_ALIGN (op0) % bitsize == 0)))))
    {
      if (mode1 != GET_MODE (op0))
        {
          if (MEM_P (op0))
            op0 = adjust_address (op0, mode1, offset);
          else
            {
              rtx sub = simplify_gen_subreg (mode1, op0, GET_MODE (op0),
                                             byte_offset);
              if (sub == NULL)
                goto no_subreg_mode_swap;
              op0 = sub;
            }
        }
      if (mode1 != mode)
        return convert_to_mode (tmode, op0, unsignedp);
      return op0;
    }
 no_subreg_mode_swap:

  /* Handle fields bigger than a word.  */

  if (bitsize > BITS_PER_WORD)
    {
      /* Here we transfer the words of the field
         in the order least significant first.
         This is because the most significant word is the one which may
         be less than full.  */

      unsigned int nwords = (bitsize + (BITS_PER_WORD - 1)) / BITS_PER_WORD;
      unsigned int i;

      if (target == 0 || !REG_P (target))
        target = gen_reg_rtx (mode);

      /* Indicate for flow that the entire target reg is being set.  */
      emit_insn (gen_rtx_CLOBBER (VOIDmode, target));

      for (i = 0; i < nwords; i++)
        {
          /* If I is 0, use the low-order word in both field and target;
             if I is 1, use the next to lowest word; and so on.  */
          /* Word number in TARGET to use.  */
          unsigned int wordnum
            = (WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN
               ? GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (target)) / UNITS_PER_WORD - i - 1
               : i);
          /* Offset from start of field in OP0.  */
          unsigned int bit_offset = (WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN
                                     ? MAX (0, ((int) bitsize - ((int) i + 1)
                                                * (int) BITS_PER_WORD))
                                     : (int) i * BITS_PER_WORD);
          rtx target_part = operand_subword (target, wordnum, 1, VOIDmode);
          rtx result_part
            = extract_bit_field (op0, MIN (BITS_PER_WORD,
                                           bitsize - i * BITS_PER_WORD),
                                 bitnum + bit_offset, 1, target_part, mode,
                                 word_mode);

          gcc_assert (target_part);

          if (result_part != target_part)
            emit_move_insn (target_part, result_part);
        }

      if (unsignedp)
        {
          /* Unless we've filled TARGET, the upper regs in a multi-reg value
             need to be zero'd out.  */
          if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (target)) > nwords * UNITS_PER_WORD)
            {
              unsigned int i, total_words;

              total_words = GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (target)) / UNITS_PER_WORD;
              for (i = nwords; i < total_words; i++)
                emit_move_insn
                  (operand_subword (target,
                                    WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN ? total_words - i - 1 : i,
                                    1, VOIDmode),
                   const0_rtx);
            }
          return target;
        }

      /* Signed bit field: sign-extend with two arithmetic shifts.  */
      target = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, target,
                             build_int_cst (NULL_TREE,
                                            GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - bitsize),
                             NULL_RTX, 0);
      return expand_shift (RSHIFT_EXPR, mode, target,
                           build_int_cst (NULL_TREE,
                                          GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - bitsize),
                           NULL_RTX, 0);
    }

  /* From here on we know the desired field is smaller than a word.  */

  /* Check if there is a correspondingly-sized integer field, so we can
     safely extract it as one size of integer, if necessary; then
     truncate or extend to the size that is wanted; then use SUBREGs or
     convert_to_mode to get one of the modes we really wanted.  */

  int_mode = int_mode_for_mode (tmode);
  if (int_mode == BLKmode)
    int_mode = int_mode_for_mode (mode);
  /* Should probably push op0 out to memory and then do a load.  */
  gcc_assert (int_mode != BLKmode);

  /* OFFSET is the number of words or bytes (UNIT says which)
     from STR_RTX to the first word or byte containing part of the field.  */
  if (!MEM_P (op0))
    {
      if (offset != 0
          || GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (op0)) > UNITS_PER_WORD)
        {
          if (!REG_P (op0))
            op0 = copy_to_reg (op0);
          op0 = gen_rtx_SUBREG (mode_for_size (BITS_PER_WORD, MODE_INT, 0),
                                op0, (offset * UNITS_PER_WORD));
        }
      offset = 0;
    }

  /* Now OFFSET is nonzero only for memory operands.  */

  if (unsignedp)
    {
      if (HAVE_extzv
          && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (extzv_mode) >= bitsize)
          && ! ((REG_P (op0) || GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
                && (bitsize + bitpos > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (extzv_mode))))
        {
          unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT xbitpos = bitpos, xoffset = offset;
          rtx bitsize_rtx, bitpos_rtx;
          rtx last = get_last_insn ();
          rtx xop0 = op0;
          rtx xtarget = target;
          rtx xspec_target = spec_target;
          rtx xspec_target_subreg = spec_target_subreg;
          rtx pat;
          enum machine_mode maxmode = mode_for_extraction (EP_extzv, 0);

          if (MEM_P (xop0))
            {
              int save_volatile_ok = volatile_ok;
              volatile_ok = 1;

              /* Is the memory operand acceptable?  */
              if (! ((*insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv].operand[1].predicate)
                     (xop0, GET_MODE (xop0))))
                {
                  /* No, load into a reg and extract from there.  */
                  enum machine_mode bestmode;

                  /* Get the mode to use for inserting into this field.  If
                     OP0 is BLKmode, get the smallest mode consistent with the
                     alignment. If OP0 is a non-BLKmode object that is no
                     wider than MAXMODE, use its mode. Otherwise, use the
                     smallest mode containing the field.  */

                  if (GET_MODE (xop0) == BLKmode
                      || (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (op0))
                          > GET_MODE_SIZE (maxmode)))
                    bestmode = get_best_mode (bitsize, bitnum,
                                              MEM_ALIGN (xop0), maxmode,
                                              MEM_VOLATILE_P (xop0));
                  else
                    bestmode = GET_MODE (xop0);

                  if (bestmode == VOIDmode
                      || (SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS (bestmode, MEM_ALIGN (xop0))
                          && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (bestmode) > MEM_ALIGN (xop0)))
                    goto extzv_loses;

                  /* Compute offset as multiple of this unit,
                     counting in bytes.  */
                  unit = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (bestmode);
                  xoffset = (bitnum / unit) * GET_MODE_SIZE (bestmode);
                  xbitpos = bitnum % unit;
                  xop0 = adjust_address (xop0, bestmode, xoffset);

                  /* Fetch it to a register in that size.  */
                  xop0 = force_reg (bestmode, xop0);

                  /* XBITPOS counts within UNIT, which is what is expected.  */
                }
              else
                /* Get ref to first byte containing part of the field.  */
                xop0 = adjust_address (xop0, byte_mode, xoffset);

              volatile_ok = save_volatile_ok;
            }

          /* If op0 is a register, we need it in MAXMODE (which is usually
             SImode). to make it acceptable to the format of extzv.  */
          if (GET_CODE (xop0) == SUBREG && GET_MODE (xop0) != maxmode)
            goto extzv_loses;
          if (REG_P (xop0) && GET_MODE (xop0) != maxmode)
            xop0 = gen_rtx_SUBREG (maxmode, xop0, 0);

          /* On big-endian machines, we count bits from the most significant.
             If the bit field insn does not, we must invert.  */
          if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN != BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
            xbitpos = unit - bitsize - xbitpos;

          /* Now convert from counting within UNIT to counting in MAXMODE.  */
          if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN && !MEM_P (xop0))
            xbitpos += GET_MODE_BITSIZE (maxmode) - unit;

          unit = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (maxmode);

          if (xtarget == 0)
            xtarget = xspec_target = gen_reg_rtx (tmode);

          if (GET_MODE (xtarget) != maxmode)
            {
              if (REG_P (xtarget))
                {
                  int wider = (GET_MODE_SIZE (maxmode)
                               > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (xtarget)));
                  xtarget = gen_lowpart (maxmode, xtarget);
                  if (wider)
                    xspec_target_subreg = xtarget;
                }
              else
                xtarget = gen_reg_rtx (maxmode);
            }

          /* If this machine's extzv insists on a register target,
             make sure we have one.  */
          if (! ((*insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv].operand[0].predicate)
                 (xtarget, maxmode)))
            xtarget = gen_reg_rtx (maxmode);

          bitsize_rtx = GEN_INT (bitsize);
          bitpos_rtx = GEN_INT (xbitpos);

          pat = gen_extzv (xtarget, xop0, bitsize_rtx, bitpos_rtx);
          if (pat)
            {
              emit_insn (pat);
              target = xtarget;
              spec_target = xspec_target;
              spec_target_subreg = xspec_target_subreg;
            }
          else
            {
              delete_insns_since (last);
              target = extract_fixed_bit_field (int_mode, op0, offset, bitsize,
                                                bitpos, target, 1);
            }
        }
      else
      extzv_loses:
        target = extract_fixed_bit_field (int_mode, op0, offset, bitsize,
                                          bitpos, target, 1);
    }
  else
    {
      if (HAVE_extv
          && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (extv_mode) >= bitsize)
          && ! ((REG_P (op0) || GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
                && (bitsize + bitpos > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (extv_mode))))
        {
          int xbitpos = bitpos, xoffset = offset;
          rtx bitsize_rtx, bitpos_rtx;
          rtx last = get_last_insn ();
          rtx xop0 = op0, xtarget = target;
          rtx xspec_target = spec_target;
          rtx xspec_target_subreg = spec_target_subreg;
          rtx pat;
          enum machine_mode maxmode = mode_for_extraction (EP_extv, 0);

          if (MEM_P (xop0))
            {
              /* Is the memory operand acceptable?  */
              if (! ((*insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_extv].operand[1].predicate)
                     (xop0, GET_MODE (xop0))))
                {
                  /* No, load into a reg and extract from there.  */
                  enum machine_mode bestmode;

                  /* Get the mode to use for inserting into this field.  If
                     OP0 is BLKmode, get the smallest mode consistent with the
                     alignment. If OP0 is a non-BLKmode object that is no
                     wider than MAXMODE, use its mode. Otherwise, use the
                     smallest mode containing the field.  */

                  if (GET_MODE (xop0) == BLKmode
                      || (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (op0))
                          > GET_MODE_SIZE (maxmode)))
                    bestmode = get_best_mode (bitsize, bitnum,
                                              MEM_ALIGN (xop0), maxmode,
                                              MEM_VOLATILE_P (xop0));
                  else
                    bestmode = GET_MODE (xop0);

                  if (bestmode == VOIDmode
                      || (SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS (bestmode, MEM_ALIGN (xop0))
                          && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (bestmode) > MEM_ALIGN (xop0)))
                    goto extv_loses;

                  /* Compute offset as multiple of this unit,
                     counting in bytes.  */
                  unit = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (bestmode);
                  xoffset = (bitnum / unit) * GET_MODE_SIZE (bestmode);
                  xbitpos = bitnum % unit;
                  xop0 = adjust_address (xop0, bestmode, xoffset);

                  /* Fetch it to a register in that size.  */
                  xop0 = force_reg (bestmode, xop0);

                  /* XBITPOS counts within UNIT, which is what is expected.  */
                }
              else
                /* Get ref to first byte containing part of the field.  */
                xop0 = adjust_address (xop0, byte_mode, xoffset);
            }

          /* If op0 is a register, we need it in MAXMODE (which is usually
             SImode) to make it acceptable to the format of extv.  */
          if (GET_CODE (xop0) == SUBREG && GET_MODE (xop0) != maxmode)
            goto extv_loses;
          if (REG_P (xop0) && GET_MODE (xop0) != maxmode)
            xop0 = gen_rtx_SUBREG (maxmode, xop0, 0);

          /* On big-endian machines, we count bits from the most significant.
             If the bit field insn does not, we must invert.  */
          if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN != BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
            xbitpos = unit - bitsize - xbitpos;

          /* XBITPOS counts within a size of UNIT.
             Adjust to count within a size of MAXMODE.  */
          if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN && !MEM_P (xop0))
            xbitpos += (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (maxmode) - unit);

          unit = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (maxmode);

          if (xtarget == 0)
            xtarget = xspec_target = gen_reg_rtx (tmode);

          if (GET_MODE (xtarget) != maxmode)
            {
              if (REG_P (xtarget))
                {
                  int wider = (GET_MODE_SIZE (maxmode)
                               > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (xtarget)));
                  xtarget = gen_lowpart (maxmode, xtarget);
                  if (wider)
                    xspec_target_subreg = xtarget;
                }
              else
                xtarget = gen_reg_rtx (maxmode);
            }

          /* If this machine's extv insists on a register target,
             make sure we have one.  */
          if (! ((*insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_extv].operand[0].predicate)
                 (xtarget, maxmode)))
            xtarget = gen_reg_rtx (maxmode);

          bitsize_rtx = GEN_INT (bitsize);
          bitpos_rtx = GEN_INT (xbitpos);

          pat = gen_extv (xtarget, xop0, bitsize_rtx, bitpos_rtx);
          if (pat)
            {
              emit_insn (pat);
              target = xtarget;
              spec_target = xspec_target;
              spec_target_subreg = xspec_target_subreg;
            }
          else
            {
              delete_insns_since (last);
              target = extract_fixed_bit_field (int_mode, op0, offset, bitsize,
                                                bitpos, target, 0);
            }
        }
      else
      extv_loses:
        target = extract_fixed_bit_field (int_mode, op0, offset, bitsize,
                                          bitpos, target, 0);
    }
  if (target == spec_target)
    return target;
  if (target == spec_target_subreg)
    return spec_target;
  if (GET_MODE (target) != tmode && GET_MODE (target) != mode)
    {
      /* If the target mode is not a scalar integral, first convert to the
         integer mode of that size and then access it as a floating-point
         value via a SUBREG.  */
      if (!SCALAR_INT_MODE_P (tmode))
        {
          enum machine_mode smode
            = mode_for_size (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (tmode), MODE_INT, 0);
          target = convert_to_mode (smode, target, unsignedp);
          target = force_reg (smode, target);
          return gen_lowpart (tmode, target);
        }

      return convert_to_mode (tmode, target, unsignedp);
    }
  return target;
}
\f
/* Extract a bit field using shifts and boolean operations
   Returns an rtx to represent the value.
   OP0 addresses a register (word) or memory (byte).
   BITPOS says which bit within the word or byte the bit field starts in.
   OFFSET says how many bytes farther the bit field starts;
    it is 0 if OP0 is a register.
   BITSIZE says how many bits long the bit field is.
    (If OP0 is a register, it may be narrower than a full word,
     but BITPOS still counts within a full word,
     which is significant on bigendian machines.)

   UNSIGNEDP is nonzero for an unsigned bit field (don't sign-extend value).
   If TARGET is nonzero, attempts to store the value there
   and return TARGET, but this is not guaranteed.
   If TARGET is not used, create a pseudo-reg of mode TMODE for the value.  */

static rtx
extract_fixed_bit_field (enum machine_mode tmode, rtx op0,
                         unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT offset,
                         unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize,
                         unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitpos, rtx target,
                         int unsignedp)
{
  unsigned int total_bits = BITS_PER_WORD;
  enum machine_mode mode;

  if (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG || REG_P (op0))
    {
      /* Special treatment for a bit field split across two registers.  */
      if (bitsize + bitpos > BITS_PER_WORD)
        return extract_split_bit_field (op0, bitsize, bitpos, unsignedp);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Get the proper mode to use for this field.  We want a mode that
         includes the entire field.  If such a mode would be larger than
         a word, we won't be doing the extraction the normal way.  */

      mode = get_best_mode (bitsize, bitpos + offset * BITS_PER_UNIT,
                            MEM_ALIGN (op0), word_mode, MEM_VOLATILE_P (op0));

      if (mode == VOIDmode)
        /* The only way this should occur is if the field spans word
           boundaries.  */
        return extract_split_bit_field (op0, bitsize,
                                        bitpos + offset * BITS_PER_UNIT,
                                        unsignedp);

      total_bits = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);

      /* Make sure bitpos is valid for the chosen mode.  Adjust BITPOS to
         be in the range 0 to total_bits-1, and put any excess bytes in
         OFFSET.  */
      if (bitpos >= total_bits)
        {
          offset += (bitpos / total_bits) * (total_bits / BITS_PER_UNIT);
          bitpos -= ((bitpos / total_bits) * (total_bits / BITS_PER_UNIT)
                     * BITS_PER_UNIT);
        }

      /* Get ref to an aligned byte, halfword, or word containing the field.
         Adjust BITPOS to be position within a word,
         and OFFSET to be the offset of that word.
         Then alter OP0 to refer to that word.  */
      bitpos += (offset % (total_bits / BITS_PER_UNIT)) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
      offset -= (offset % (total_bits / BITS_PER_UNIT));
      op0 = adjust_address (op0, mode, offset);
    }

  mode = GET_MODE (op0);

  if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
    /* BITPOS is the distance between our msb and that of OP0.
       Convert it to the distance from the lsb.  */
    bitpos = total_bits - bitsize - bitpos;

  /* Now BITPOS is always the distance between the field's lsb and that of OP0.
     We have reduced the big-endian case to the little-endian case.  */

  if (unsignedp)
    {
      if (bitpos)
        {
          /* If the field does not already start at the lsb,
             shift it so it does.  */
          tree amount = build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, bitpos);
          /* Maybe propagate the target for the shift.  */
          /* But not if we will return it--could confuse integrate.c.  */
          rtx subtarget = (target != 0 && REG_P (target) ? target : 0);
          if (tmode != mode) subtarget = 0;
          op0 = expand_shift (RSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op0, amount, subtarget, 1);
        }
      /* Convert the value to the desired mode.  */
      if (mode != tmode)
        op0 = convert_to_mode (tmode, op0, 1);

      /* Unless the msb of the field used to be the msb when we shifted,
         mask out the upper bits.  */

      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) != bitpos + bitsize)
        return expand_binop (GET_MODE (op0), and_optab, op0,
                             mask_rtx (GET_MODE (op0), 0, bitsize, 0),
                             target, 1, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
      return op0;
    }

  /* To extract a signed bit-field, first shift its msb to the msb of the word,
     then arithmetic-shift its lsb to the lsb of the word.  */
  op0 = force_reg (mode, op0);
  if (mode != tmode)
    target = 0;

  /* Find the narrowest integer mode that contains the field.  */

  for (mode = GET_CLASS_NARROWEST_MODE (MODE_INT); mode != VOIDmode;
       mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode))
    if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) >= bitsize + bitpos)
      {
        op0 = convert_to_mode (mode, op0, 0);
        break;
      }

  if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) != (bitsize + bitpos))
    {
      tree amount
        = build_int_cst (NULL_TREE,
                         GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - (bitsize + bitpos));
      /* Maybe propagate the target for the shift.  */
      rtx subtarget = (target != 0 && REG_P (target) ? target : 0);
      op0 = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op0, amount, subtarget, 1);
    }

  return expand_shift (RSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op0,
                       build_int_cst (NULL_TREE,
                                      GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - bitsize),
                       target, 0);
}
\f
/* Return a constant integer (CONST_INT or CONST_DOUBLE) mask value
   of mode MODE with BITSIZE ones followed by BITPOS zeros, or the
   complement of that if COMPLEMENT.  The mask is truncated if
   necessary to the width of mode MODE.  The mask is zero-extended if
   BITSIZE+BITPOS is too small for MODE.  */

static rtx
mask_rtx (enum machine_mode mode, int bitpos, int bitsize, int complement)
{
  HOST_WIDE_INT masklow, maskhigh;

  if (bitsize == 0)
    masklow = 0;
  else if (bitpos < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    masklow = (HOST_WIDE_INT) -1 << bitpos;
  else
    masklow = 0;

  if (bitpos + bitsize < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    masklow &= ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) -1
                >> (HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT - bitpos - bitsize));

  if (bitpos <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    maskhigh = -1;
  else
    maskhigh = (HOST_WIDE_INT) -1 << (bitpos - HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT);

  if (bitsize == 0)
    maskhigh = 0;
  else if (bitpos + bitsize > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    maskhigh &= ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) -1
                 >> (2 * HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT - bitpos - bitsize));
  else
    maskhigh = 0;

  if (complement)
    {
      maskhigh = ~maskhigh;
      masklow = ~masklow;
    }

  return immed_double_const (masklow, maskhigh, mode);
}

/* Return a constant integer (CONST_INT or CONST_DOUBLE) rtx with the value
   VALUE truncated to BITSIZE bits and then shifted left BITPOS bits.  */

static rtx
lshift_value (enum machine_mode mode, rtx value, int bitpos, int bitsize)
{
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT v = INTVAL (value);
  HOST_WIDE_INT low, high;

  if (bitsize < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    v &= ~((HOST_WIDE_INT) -1 << bitsize);

  if (bitpos < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    {
      low = v << bitpos;
      high = (bitpos > 0 ? (v >> (HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT - bitpos)) : 0);
    }
  else
    {
      low = 0;
      high = v << (bitpos - HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT);
    }

  return immed_double_const (low, high, mode);
}
\f
/* Extract a bit field from a memory by forcing the alignment of the
   memory.  This efficient only if the field spans at least 4 boundaries.

   OP0 is the MEM.
   BITSIZE is the field width; BITPOS is the position of the first bit.
   UNSIGNEDP is true if the result should be zero-extended.  */

static rtx
extract_force_align_mem_bit_field (rtx op0, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize,
                                   unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitpos,
                                   int unsignedp)
{
  enum machine_mode mode, dmode;
  unsigned int m_bitsize, m_size;
  unsigned int sign_shift_up, sign_shift_dn;
  rtx base, a1, a2, v1, v2, comb, shift, result, start;

  /* Choose a mode that will fit BITSIZE.  */
  mode = smallest_mode_for_size (bitsize, MODE_INT);
  m_size = GET_MODE_SIZE (mode);
  m_bitsize = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);

  /* Choose a mode twice as wide.  Fail if no such mode exists.  */
  dmode = mode_for_size (m_bitsize * 2, MODE_INT, false);
  if (dmode == BLKmode)
    return NULL;

  do_pending_stack_adjust ();
  start = get_last_insn ();

  /* At the end, we'll need an additional shift to deal with sign/zero
     extension.  By default this will be a left+right shift of the
     appropriate size.  But we may be able to eliminate one of them.  */
  sign_shift_up = sign_shift_dn = m_bitsize - bitsize;

  if (STRICT_ALIGNMENT)
    {
      base = plus_constant (XEXP (op0, 0), bitpos / BITS_PER_UNIT);
      bitpos %= BITS_PER_UNIT;

      /* We load two values to be concatenate.  There's an edge condition
         that bears notice -- an aligned value at the end of a page can
         only load one value lest we segfault.  So the two values we load
         are at "base & -size" and "(base + size - 1) & -size".  If base
         is unaligned, the addresses will be aligned and sequential; if
         base is aligned, the addresses will both be equal to base.  */

      a1 = expand_simple_binop (Pmode, AND, force_operand (base, NULL),
                                GEN_INT (-(HOST_WIDE_INT)m_size),
                                NULL, true, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
      mark_reg_pointer (a1, m_bitsize);
      v1 = gen_rtx_MEM (mode, a1);
      set_mem_align (v1, m_bitsize);
      v1 = force_reg (mode, validize_mem (v1));

      a2 = plus_constant (base, GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) - 1);
      a2 = expand_simple_binop (Pmode, AND, force_operand (a2, NULL),
                                GEN_INT (-(HOST_WIDE_INT)m_size),
                                NULL, true, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
      v2 = gen_rtx_MEM (mode, a2);
      set_mem_align (v2, m_bitsize);
      v2 = force_reg (mode, validize_mem (v2));

      /* Combine these two values into a double-word value.  */
      if (m_bitsize == BITS_PER_WORD)
        {
          comb = gen_reg_rtx (dmode);
          emit_insn (gen_rtx_CLOBBER (VOIDmode, comb));
          emit_move_insn (gen_rtx_SUBREG (mode, comb, 0), v1);
          emit_move_insn (gen_rtx_SUBREG (mode, comb, m_size), v2);
        }
      else
        {
          if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
            comb = v1, v1 = v2, v2 = comb;
          v1 = convert_modes (dmode, mode, v1, true);
          if (v1 == NULL)
            goto fail;
          v2 = convert_modes (dmode, mode, v2, true);
          v2 = expand_simple_binop (dmode, ASHIFT, v2, GEN_INT (m_bitsize),
                                    NULL, true, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
          if (v2 == NULL)
            goto fail;
          comb = expand_simple_binop (dmode, IOR, v1, v2, NULL,
                                      true, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
          if (comb == NULL)
            goto fail;
        }

      shift = expand_simple_binop (Pmode, AND, base, GEN_INT (m_size - 1),
                                   NULL, true, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
      shift = expand_mult (Pmode, shift, GEN_INT (BITS_PER_UNIT), NULL, 1);

      if (bitpos != 0)
        {
          if (sign_shift_up <= bitpos)
            bitpos -= sign_shift_up, sign_shift_up = 0;
          shift = expand_simple_binop (Pmode, PLUS, shift, GEN_INT (bitpos),
                                       NULL, true, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT offset = bitpos / BITS_PER_UNIT;
      bitpos %= BITS_PER_UNIT;

      /* When strict alignment is not required, we can just load directly
         from memory without masking.  If the remaining BITPOS offset is
         small enough, we may be able to do all operations in MODE as 
         opposed to DMODE.  */
      if (bitpos + bitsize <= m_bitsize)
        dmode = mode;
      comb = adjust_address (op0, dmode, offset);

      if (sign_shift_up <= bitpos)
        bitpos -= sign_shift_up, sign_shift_up = 0;
      shift = GEN_INT (bitpos);
    }

  /* Shift down the double-word such that the requested value is at bit 0.  */
  if (shift != const0_rtx)
    comb = expand_simple_binop (dmode, unsignedp ? LSHIFTRT : ASHIFTRT,
                                comb, shift, NULL, unsignedp, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
  if (comb == NULL)
    goto fail;

  /* If the field exactly matches MODE, then all we need to do is return the
     lowpart.  Otherwise, shift to get the sign bits set properly.  */
  result = force_reg (mode, gen_lowpart (mode, comb));

  if (sign_shift_up)
    result = expand_simple_binop (mode, ASHIFT, result,
                                  GEN_INT (sign_shift_up),
                                  NULL_RTX, 0, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
  if (sign_shift_dn)
    result = expand_simple_binop (mode, unsignedp ? LSHIFTRT : ASHIFTRT,
                                  result, GEN_INT (sign_shift_dn),
                                  NULL_RTX, 0, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);

  return result;

 fail:
  delete_insns_since (start);
  return NULL;
}

/* Extract a bit field that is split across two words
   and return an RTX for the result.

   OP0 is the REG, SUBREG or MEM rtx for the first of the two words.
   BITSIZE is the field width; BITPOS, position of its first bit, in the word.
   UNSIGNEDP is 1 if should zero-extend the contents; else sign-extend.  */

static rtx
extract_split_bit_field (rtx op0, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize,
                         unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bitpos, int unsignedp)
{
  unsigned int unit;
  unsigned int bitsdone = 0;
  rtx result = NULL_RTX;
  int first = 1;

  /* Make sure UNIT isn't larger than BITS_PER_WORD, we can only handle that
     much at a time.  */
  if (REG_P (op0) || GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
    unit = BITS_PER_WORD;
  else
    {
      unit = MIN (MEM_ALIGN (op0), BITS_PER_WORD);
      if (0 && bitsize / unit > 2)
        {
          rtx tmp = extract_force_align_mem_bit_field (op0, bitsize, bitpos,
                                                       unsignedp);
          if (tmp)
            return tmp;
        }
    }

  while (bitsdone < bitsize)
    {
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT thissize;
      rtx part, word;
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT thispos;
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT offset;

      offset = (bitpos + bitsdone) / unit;
      thispos = (bitpos + bitsdone) % unit;

      /* THISSIZE must not overrun a word boundary.  Otherwise,
         extract_fixed_bit_field will call us again, and we will mutually
         recurse forever.  */
      thissize = MIN (bitsize - bitsdone, BITS_PER_WORD);
      thissize = MIN (thissize, unit - thispos);

      /* If OP0 is a register, then handle OFFSET here.

         When handling multiword bitfields, extract_bit_field may pass
         down a word_mode SUBREG of a larger REG for a bitfield that actually
         crosses a word boundary.  Thus, for a SUBREG, we must find
         the current word starting from the base register.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG)
        {
          int word_offset = (SUBREG_BYTE (op0) / UNITS_PER_WORD) + offset;
          word = operand_subword_force (SUBREG_REG (op0), word_offset,
                                        GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)));
          offset = 0;
        }
      else if (REG_P (op0))
        {
          word = operand_subword_force (op0, offset, GET_MODE (op0));
          offset = 0;
        }
      else
        word = op0;

      /* Extract the parts in bit-counting order,
         whose meaning is determined by BYTES_PER_UNIT.
         OFFSET is in UNITs, and UNIT is in bits.
         extract_fixed_bit_field wants offset in bytes.  */
      part = extract_fixed_bit_field (word_mode, word,
                                      offset * unit / BITS_PER_UNIT,
                                      thissize, thispos, 0, 1);
      bitsdone += thissize;

      /* Shift this part into place for the result.  */
      if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
        {
          if (bitsize != bitsdone)
            part = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, word_mode, part,
                                 build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, bitsize - bitsdone),
                                 0, 1);
        }
      else
        {
          if (bitsdone != thissize)
            part = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, word_mode, part,
                                 build_int_cst (NULL_TREE,
                                                bitsdone - thissize), 0, 1);
        }

      if (first)
        result = part;
      else
        /* Combine the parts with bitwise or.  This works
           because we extracted each part as an unsigned bit field.  */
        result = expand_binop (word_mode, ior_optab, part, result, NULL_RTX, 1,
                               OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);

      first = 0;
    }

  /* Unsigned bit field: we are done.  */
  if (unsignedp)
    return result;
  /* Signed bit field: sign-extend with two arithmetic shifts.  */
  result = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, word_mode, result,
                         build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, BITS_PER_WORD - bitsize),
                         NULL_RTX, 0);
  return expand_shift (RSHIFT_EXPR, word_mode, result,
                       build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, BITS_PER_WORD - bitsize),
                       NULL_RTX, 0);
}
\f
/* Add INC into TARGET.  */

void
expand_inc (rtx target, rtx inc)
{
  rtx value = expand_binop (GET_MODE (target), add_optab,
                            target, inc,
                            target, 0, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
  if (value != target)
    emit_move_insn (target, value);
}

/* Subtract DEC from TARGET.  */

void
expand_dec (rtx target, rtx dec)
{
  rtx value = expand_binop (GET_MODE (target), sub_optab,
                            target, dec,
                            target, 0, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
  if (value != target)
    emit_move_insn (target, value);
}
\f
/* Output a shift instruction for expression code CODE,
   with SHIFTED being the rtx for the value to shift,
   and AMOUNT the tree for the amount to shift by.
   Store the result in the rtx TARGET, if that is convenient.
   If UNSIGNEDP is nonzero, do a logical shift; otherwise, arithmetic.
   Return the rtx for where the value is.  */

rtx
expand_shift (enum tree_code code, enum machine_mode mode, rtx shifted,
              tree amount, rtx target, int unsignedp)
{
  rtx op1, temp = 0;
  int left = (code == LSHIFT_EXPR || code == LROTATE_EXPR);
  int rotate = (code == LROTATE_EXPR || code == RROTATE_EXPR);
  int try;

  /* Previously detected shift-counts computed by NEGATE_EXPR
     and shifted in the other direction; but that does not work
     on all machines.  */

  op1 = expand_expr (amount, NULL_RTX, VOIDmode, 0);

  if (SHIFT_COUNT_TRUNCATED)
    {
      if (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT
          && ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) INTVAL (op1) >=
              (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)))
        op1 = GEN_INT ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) INTVAL (op1)
                       % GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode));
      else if (GET_CODE (op1) == SUBREG
               && subreg_lowpart_p (op1))
        op1 = SUBREG_REG (op1);
    }

  if (op1 == const0_rtx)
    return shifted;

  /* Check whether its cheaper to implement a left shift by a constant
     bit count by a sequence of additions.  */
  if (code == LSHIFT_EXPR
      && GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT
      && INTVAL (op1) > 0
      && INTVAL (op1) < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)
      && shift_cost[mode][INTVAL (op1)] > INTVAL (op1) * add_cost[mode])
    {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < INTVAL (op1); i++)
        {
          temp = force_reg (mode, shifted);
          shifted = expand_binop (mode, add_optab, temp, temp, NULL_RTX,
                                  unsignedp, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
        }
      return shifted;
    }

  for (try = 0; temp == 0 && try < 3; try++)
    {
      enum optab_methods methods;

      if (try == 0)
        methods = OPTAB_DIRECT;
      else if (try == 1)
        methods = OPTAB_WIDEN;
      else
        methods = OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN;

      if (rotate)
        {
          /* Widening does not work for rotation.  */
          if (methods == OPTAB_WIDEN)
            continue;
          else if (methods == OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN)
            {
              /* If we have been unable to open-code this by a rotation,
                 do it as the IOR of two shifts.  I.e., to rotate A
                 by N bits, compute (A << N) | ((unsigned) A >> (C - N))
                 where C is the bitsize of A.

                 It is theoretically possible that the target machine might
                 not be able to perform either shift and hence we would
                 be making two libcalls rather than just the one for the
                 shift (similarly if IOR could not be done).  We will allow
                 this extremely unlikely lossage to avoid complicating the
                 code below.  */

              rtx subtarget = target == shifted ? 0 : target;
              rtx temp1;
              tree type = TREE_TYPE (amount);
              tree new_amount = make_tree (type, op1);
              tree other_amount
                = fold_build2 (MINUS_EXPR, type,
                               build_int_cst (type, GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)),
                               amount);

              shifted = force_reg (mode, shifted);

              temp = expand_shift (left ? LSHIFT_EXPR : RSHIFT_EXPR,
                                   mode, shifted, new_amount, subtarget, 1);
              temp1 = expand_shift (left ? RSHIFT_EXPR : LSHIFT_EXPR,
                                    mode, shifted, other_amount, 0, 1);
              return expand_binop (mode, ior_optab, temp, temp1, target,
                                   unsignedp, methods);
            }

          temp = expand_binop (mode,
                               left ? rotl_optab : rotr_optab,
                               shifted, op1, target, unsignedp, methods);

          /* If we don't have the rotate, but we are rotating by a constant
             that is in range, try a rotate in the opposite direction.  */

          if (temp == 0 && GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT
              && INTVAL (op1) > 0
              && (unsigned int) INTVAL (op1) < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))
            temp = expand_binop (mode,
                                 left ? rotr_optab : rotl_optab,
                                 shifted,
                                 GEN_INT (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)
                                          - INTVAL (op1)),
                                 target, unsignedp, methods);
        }
      else if (unsignedp)
        temp = expand_binop (mode,
                             left ? ashl_optab : lshr_optab,
                             shifted, op1, target, unsignedp, methods);

      /* Do arithmetic shifts.
         Also, if we are going to widen the operand, we can just as well
         use an arithmetic right-shift instead of a logical one.  */
      if (temp == 0 && ! rotate
          && (! unsignedp || (! left && methods == OPTAB_WIDEN)))
        {
          enum optab_methods methods1 = methods;

          /* If trying to widen a log shift to an arithmetic shift,
             don't accept an arithmetic shift of the same size.  */
          if (unsignedp)
            methods1 = OPTAB_MUST_WIDEN;

          /* Arithmetic shift */

          temp = expand_binop (mode,
                               left ? ashl_optab : ashr_optab,
                               shifted, op1, target, unsignedp, methods1);
        }

      /* We used to try extzv here for logical right shifts, but that was
         only useful for one machine, the VAX, and caused poor code
         generation there for lshrdi3, so the code was deleted and a
         define_expand for lshrsi3 was added to vax.md.  */
    }

  gcc_assert (temp);
  return temp;
}
\f
enum alg_code { alg_unknown, alg_zero, alg_m, alg_shift,
                  alg_add_t_m2, alg_sub_t_m2,
                  alg_add_factor, alg_sub_factor,
                  alg_add_t2_m, alg_sub_t2_m };

/* This structure holds the "cost" of a multiply sequence.  The
   "cost" field holds the total rtx_cost of every operator in the
   synthetic multiplication sequence, hence cost(a op b) is defined
   as rtx_cost(op) + cost(a) + cost(b), where cost(leaf) is zero.
   The "latency" field holds the minimum possible latency of the
   synthetic multiply, on a hypothetical infinitely parallel CPU.
   This is the critical path, or the maximum height, of the expression
   tree which is the sum of rtx_costs on the most expensive path from
   any leaf to the root.  Hence latency(a op b) is defined as zero for
   leaves and rtx_cost(op) + max(latency(a), latency(b)) otherwise.  */

struct mult_cost {
  short cost;     /* Total rtx_cost of the multiplication sequence.  */
  short latency;  /* The latency of the multiplication sequence.  */
};

/* This macro is used to compare a pointer to a mult_cost against an
   single integer "rtx_cost" value.  This is equivalent to the macro
   CHEAPER_MULT_COST(X,Z) where Z = {Y,Y}.  */
#define MULT_COST_LESS(X,Y) ((X)->cost < (Y)    \
                             || ((X)->cost == (Y) && (X)->latency < (Y)))

/* This macro is used to compare two pointers to mult_costs against
   each other.  The macro returns true if X is cheaper than Y.
   Currently, the cheaper of two mult_costs is the one with the
   lower "cost".  If "cost"s are tied, the lower latency is cheaper.  */
#define CHEAPER_MULT_COST(X,Y)  ((X)->cost < (Y)->cost          \
                                 || ((X)->cost == (Y)->cost     \
                                     && (X)->latency < (Y)->latency))

/* This structure records a sequence of operations.
   `ops' is the number of operations recorded.
   `cost' is their total cost.
   The operations are stored in `op' and the corresponding
   logarithms of the integer coefficients in `log'.

   These are the operations:
   alg_zero             total := 0;
   alg_m                total := multiplicand;
   alg_shift            total := total * coeff
   alg_add_t_m2         total := total + multiplicand * coeff;
   alg_sub_t_m2         total := total - multiplicand * coeff;
   alg_add_factor       total := total * coeff + total;
   alg_sub_factor       total := total * coeff - total;
   alg_add_t2_m         total := total * coeff + multiplicand;
   alg_sub_t2_m         total := total * coeff - multiplicand;

   The first operand must be either alg_zero or alg_m.  */

struct algorithm
{
  struct mult_cost cost;
  short ops;
  /* The size of the OP and LOG fields are not directly related to the
     word size, but the worst-case algorithms will be if we have few
     consecutive ones or zeros, i.e., a multiplicand like 10101010101...
     In that case we will generate shift-by-2, add, shift-by-2, add,...,
     in total wordsize operations.  */
  enum alg_code op[MAX_BITS_PER_WORD];
  char log[MAX_BITS_PER_WORD];
};

/* The entry for our multiplication cache/hash table.  */
struct alg_hash_entry {
  /* The number we are multiplying by.  */
  unsigned int t;

  /* The mode in which we are multiplying something by T.  */
  enum machine_mode mode;

  /* The best multiplication algorithm for t.  */
  enum alg_code alg;
};

/* The number of cache/hash entries.  */
#define NUM_ALG_HASH_ENTRIES 307

/* Each entry of ALG_HASH caches alg_code for some integer.  This is
   actually a hash table.  If we have a collision, that the older
   entry is kicked out.  */
static struct alg_hash_entry alg_hash[NUM_ALG_HASH_ENTRIES];

/* Indicates the type of fixup needed after a constant multiplication.
   BASIC_VARIANT means no fixup is needed, NEGATE_VARIANT means that
   the result should be negated, and ADD_VARIANT means that the
   multiplicand should be added to the result.  */
enum mult_variant {basic_variant, negate_variant, add_variant};

static void synth_mult (struct algorithm *, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT,
                        const struct mult_cost *, enum machine_mode mode);
static bool choose_mult_variant (enum machine_mode, HOST_WIDE_INT,
                                 struct algorithm *, enum mult_variant *, int);
static rtx expand_mult_const (enum machine_mode, rtx, HOST_WIDE_INT, rtx,
                              const struct algorithm *, enum mult_variant);
static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT choose_multiplier (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT, int,
                                                 int, rtx *, int *, int *);
static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT invert_mod2n (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT, int);
static rtx extract_high_half (enum machine_mode, rtx);
static rtx expand_mult_highpart (enum machine_mode, rtx, rtx, rtx, int, int);
static rtx expand_mult_highpart_optab (enum machine_mode, rtx, rtx, rtx,
                                       int, int);
/* Compute and return the best algorithm for multiplying by T.
   The algorithm must cost less than cost_limit
   If retval.cost >= COST_LIMIT, no algorithm was found and all
   other field of the returned struct are undefined.
   MODE is the machine mode of the multiplication.  */

static void
synth_mult (struct algorithm *alg_out, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT t,
            const struct mult_cost *cost_limit, enum machine_mode mode)
{
  int m;
  struct algorithm *alg_in, *best_alg;
  struct mult_cost best_cost;
  struct mult_cost new_limit;
  int op_cost, op_latency;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT q;
  int maxm = MIN (BITS_PER_WORD, GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode));
  int hash_index;
  bool cache_hit = false;
  enum alg_code cache_alg = alg_zero;

  /* Indicate that no algorithm is yet found.  If no algorithm
     is found, this value will be returned and indicate failure.  */
  alg_out->cost.cost = cost_limit->cost + 1;
  alg_out->cost.latency = cost_limit->latency + 1;

  if (cost_limit->cost < 0
      || (cost_limit->cost == 0 && cost_limit->latency <= 0))
    return;

  /* Restrict the bits of "t" to the multiplication's mode.  */
  t &= GET_MODE_MASK (mode);

  /* t == 1 can be done in zero cost.  */
  if (t == 1)
    {
      alg_out->ops = 1;
      alg_out->cost.cost = 0;
      alg_out->cost.latency = 0;
      alg_out->op[0] = alg_m;
      return;
    }

  /* t == 0 sometimes has a cost.  If it does and it exceeds our limit,
     fail now.  */
  if (t == 0)
    {
      if (MULT_COST_LESS (cost_limit, zero_cost))
        return;
      else
        {
          alg_out->ops = 1;
          alg_out->cost.cost = zero_cost;
          alg_out->cost.latency = zero_cost;
          alg_out->op[0] = alg_zero;
          return;
        }
    }

  /* We'll be needing a couple extra algorithm structures now.  */

  alg_in = alloca (sizeof (struct algorithm));
  best_alg = alloca (sizeof (struct algorithm));
  best_cost = *cost_limit;

  /* Compute the hash index.  */
  hash_index = (t ^ (unsigned int) mode) % NUM_ALG_HASH_ENTRIES;

  /* See if we already know what to do for T.  */
  if (alg_hash[hash_index].t == t
      && alg_hash[hash_index].mode == mode
      && alg_hash[hash_index].alg != alg_unknown)
    {
      cache_hit = true;
      cache_alg = alg_hash[hash_index].alg;
      switch (cache_alg)
        {
        case alg_shift:
          goto do_alg_shift;

        case alg_add_t_m2:
        case alg_sub_t_m2:
          goto do_alg_addsub_t_m2;

        case alg_add_factor:
        case alg_sub_factor:
          goto do_alg_addsub_factor;

        case alg_add_t2_m:
          goto do_alg_add_t2_m;

        case alg_sub_t2_m:
          goto do_alg_sub_t2_m;

        default:
          gcc_unreachable ();
        }
    }

  /* If we have a group of zero bits at the low-order part of T, try
     multiplying by the remaining bits and then doing a shift.  */

  if ((t & 1) == 0)
    {
    do_alg_shift:
      m = floor_log2 (t & -t);  /* m = number of low zero bits */
      if (m < maxm)
        {
          q = t >> m;
          /* The function expand_shift will choose between a shift and
             a sequence of additions, so the observed cost is given as
             MIN (m * add_cost[mode], shift_cost[mode][m]).  */
          op_cost = m * add_cost[mode];
          if (shift_cost[mode][m] < op_cost)
            op_cost = shift_cost[mode][m];
          new_limit.cost = best_cost.cost - op_cost;
          new_limit.latency = best_cost.latency - op_cost;
          synth_mult (alg_in, q, &new_limit, mode);

          alg_in->cost.cost += op_cost;
          alg_in->cost.latency += op_cost;
          if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg_in->cost, &best_cost))
            {
              struct algorithm *x;
              best_cost = alg_in->cost;
              x = alg_in, alg_in = best_alg, best_alg = x;
              best_alg->log[best_alg->ops] = m;
              best_alg->op[best_alg->ops] = alg_shift;
            }
        }
      if (cache_hit)
        goto done;
    }

  /* If we have an odd number, add or subtract one.  */
  if ((t & 1) != 0)
    {
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT w;

    do_alg_addsub_t_m2:
      for (w = 1; (w & t) != 0; w <<= 1)
        ;
      /* If T was -1, then W will be zero after the loop.  This is another
         case where T ends with ...111.  Handling this with (T + 1) and
         subtract 1 produces slightly better code and results in algorithm
         selection much faster than treating it like the ...0111 case
         below.  */
      if (w == 0
          || (w > 2
              /* Reject the case where t is 3.
                 Thus we prefer addition in that case.  */
              && t != 3))
        {
          /* T ends with ...111.  Multiply by (T + 1) and subtract 1.  */

          op_cost = add_cost[mode];
          new_limit.cost = best_cost.cost - op_cost;
          new_limit.latency = best_cost.latency - op_cost;
          synth_mult (alg_in, t + 1, &new_limit, mode);

          alg_in->cost.cost += op_cost;
          alg_in->cost.latency += op_cost;
          if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg_in->cost, &best_cost))
            {
              struct algorithm *x;
              best_cost = alg_in->cost;
              x = alg_in, alg_in = best_alg, best_alg = x;
              best_alg->log[best_alg->ops] = 0;
              best_alg->op[best_alg->ops] = alg_sub_t_m2;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* T ends with ...01 or ...011.  Multiply by (T - 1) and add 1.  */

          op_cost = add_cost[mode];
          new_limit.cost = best_cost.cost - op_cost;
          new_limit.latency = best_cost.latency - op_cost;
          synth_mult (alg_in, t - 1, &new_limit, mode);

          alg_in->cost.cost += op_cost;
          alg_in->cost.latency += op_cost;
          if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg_in->cost, &best_cost))
            {
              struct algorithm *x;
              best_cost = alg_in->cost;
              x = alg_in, alg_in = best_alg, best_alg = x;
              best_alg->log[best_alg->ops] = 0;
              best_alg->op[best_alg->ops] = alg_add_t_m2;
            }
        }
      if (cache_hit)
        goto done;
    }

  /* Look for factors of t of the form
     t = q(2**m +- 1), 2 <= m <= floor(log2(t - 1)).
     If we find such a factor, we can multiply by t using an algorithm that
     multiplies by q, shift the result by m and add/subtract it to itself.

     We search for large factors first and loop down, even if large factors
     are less probable than small; if we find a large factor we will find a
     good sequence quickly, and therefore be able to prune (by decreasing
     COST_LIMIT) the search.  */

 do_alg_addsub_factor:
  for (m = floor_log2 (t - 1); m >= 2; m--)
    {
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT d;

      d = ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << m) + 1;
      if (t % d == 0 && t > d && m < maxm
          && (!cache_hit || cache_alg == alg_add_factor))
        {
          /* If the target has a cheap shift-and-add instruction use
             that in preference to a shift insn followed by an add insn.
             Assume that the shift-and-add is "atomic" with a latency
             equal to its cost, otherwise assume that on superscalar
             hardware the shift may be executed concurrently with the
             earlier steps in the algorithm.  */
          op_cost = add_cost[mode] + shift_cost[mode][m];
          if (shiftadd_cost[mode][m] < op_cost)
            {
              op_cost = shiftadd_cost[mode][m];
              op_latency = op_cost;
            }
          else
            op_latency = add_cost[mode];

          new_limit.cost = best_cost.cost - op_cost;
          new_limit.latency = best_cost.latency - op_latency;
          synth_mult (alg_in, t / d, &new_limit, mode);

          alg_in->cost.cost += op_cost;
          alg_in->cost.latency += op_latency;
          if (alg_in->cost.latency < op_cost)
            alg_in->cost.latency = op_cost;
          if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg_in->cost, &best_cost))
            {
              struct algorithm *x;
              best_cost = alg_in->cost;
              x = alg_in, alg_in = best_alg, best_alg = x;
              best_alg->log[best_alg->ops] = m;
              best_alg->op[best_alg->ops] = alg_add_factor;
            }
          /* Other factors will have been taken care of in the recursion.  */
          break;
        }

      d = ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << m) - 1;
      if (t % d == 0 && t > d && m < maxm
          && (!cache_hit || cache_alg == alg_sub_factor))
        {
          /* If the target has a cheap shift-and-subtract insn use
             that in preference to a shift insn followed by a sub insn.
             Assume that the shift-and-sub is "atomic" with a latency
             equal to it's cost, otherwise assume that on superscalar
             hardware the shift may be executed concurrently with the
             earlier steps in the algorithm.  */
          op_cost = add_cost[mode] + shift_cost[mode][m];
          if (shiftsub_cost[mode][m] < op_cost)
            {
              op_cost = shiftsub_cost[mode][m];
              op_latency = op_cost;
            }
          else
            op_latency = add_cost[mode];

          new_limit.cost = best_cost.cost - op_cost;
          new_limit.latency = best_cost.latency - op_latency;
          synth_mult (alg_in, t / d, &new_limit, mode);

          alg_in->cost.cost += op_cost;
          alg_in->cost.latency += op_latency;
          if (alg_in->cost.latency < op_cost)
            alg_in->cost.latency = op_cost;
          if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg_in->cost, &best_cost))
            {
              struct algorithm *x;
              best_cost = alg_in->cost;
              x = alg_in, alg_in = best_alg, best_alg = x;
              best_alg->log[best_alg->ops] = m;
              best_alg->op[best_alg->ops] = alg_sub_factor;
            }
          break;
        }
    }
  if (cache_hit)
    goto done;

  /* Try shift-and-add (load effective address) instructions,
     i.e. do a*3, a*5, a*9.  */
  if ((t & 1) != 0)
    {
    do_alg_add_t2_m:
      q = t - 1;
      q = q & -q;
      m = exact_log2 (q);
      if (m >= 0 && m < maxm)
        {
          op_cost = shiftadd_cost[mode][m];
          new_limit.cost = best_cost.cost - op_cost;
          new_limit.latency = best_cost.latency - op_cost;
          synth_mult (alg_in, (t - 1) >> m, &new_limit, mode);

          alg_in->cost.cost += op_cost;
          alg_in->cost.latency += op_cost;
          if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg_in->cost, &best_cost))
            {
              struct algorithm *x;
              best_cost = alg_in->cost;
              x = alg_in, alg_in = best_alg, best_alg = x;
              best_alg->log[best_alg->ops] = m;
              best_alg->op[best_alg->ops] = alg_add_t2_m;
            }
        }
      if (cache_hit)
        goto done;

    do_alg_sub_t2_m:
      q = t + 1;
      q = q & -q;
      m = exact_log2 (q);
      if (m >= 0 && m < maxm)
        {
          op_cost = shiftsub_cost[mode][m];
          new_limit.cost = best_cost.cost - op_cost;
          new_limit.latency = best_cost.latency - op_cost;
          synth_mult (alg_in, (t + 1) >> m, &new_limit, mode);

          alg_in->cost.cost += op_cost;
          alg_in->cost.latency += op_cost;
          if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg_in->cost, &best_cost))
            {
              struct algorithm *x;
              best_cost = alg_in->cost;
              x = alg_in, alg_in = best_alg, best_alg = x;
              best_alg->log[best_alg->ops] = m;
              best_alg->op[best_alg->ops] = alg_sub_t2_m;
            }
        }
      if (cache_hit)
        goto done;
    }

 done:
  /* If best_cost has not decreased, we have not found any algorithm.  */
  if (!CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&best_cost, cost_limit))
    return;

  /* Cache the result.  */
  if (!cache_hit)
    {
      alg_hash[hash_index].t = t;
      alg_hash[hash_index].mode = mode;
      alg_hash[hash_index].alg = best_alg->op[best_alg->ops];
    }

  /* If we are getting a too long sequence for `struct algorithm'
     to record, make this search fail.  */
  if (best_alg->ops == MAX_BITS_PER_WORD)
    return;

  /* Copy the algorithm from temporary space to the space at alg_out.
     We avoid using structure assignment because the majority of
     best_alg is normally undefined, and this is a critical function.  */
  alg_out->ops = best_alg->ops + 1;
  alg_out->cost = best_cost;
  memcpy (alg_out->op, best_alg->op,
          alg_out->ops * sizeof *alg_out->op);
  memcpy (alg_out->log, best_alg->log,
          alg_out->ops * sizeof *alg_out->log);
}
\f
/* Find the cheapest way of multiplying a value of mode MODE by VAL.
   Try three variations:

       - a shift/add sequence based on VAL itself
       - a shift/add sequence based on -VAL, followed by a negation
       - a shift/add sequence based on VAL - 1, followed by an addition.

   Return true if the cheapest of these cost less than MULT_COST,
   describing the algorithm in *ALG and final fixup in *VARIANT.  */

static bool
choose_mult_variant (enum machine_mode mode, HOST_WIDE_INT val,
                     struct algorithm *alg, enum mult_variant *variant,
                     int mult_cost)
{
  struct algorithm alg2;
  struct mult_cost limit;
  int op_cost;

  *variant = basic_variant;
  limit.cost = mult_cost;
  limit.latency = mult_cost;
  synth_mult (alg, val, &limit, mode);

  /* This works only if the inverted value actually fits in an
     `unsigned int' */
  if (HOST_BITS_PER_INT >= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))
    {
      op_cost = neg_cost[mode];
      if (MULT_COST_LESS (&alg->cost, mult_cost))
        {
          limit.cost = alg->cost.cost - op_cost;
          limit.latency = alg->cost.latency - op_cost;
        }
      else
        {
          limit.cost = mult_cost - op_cost;
          limit.latency = mult_cost - op_cost;
        }

      synth_mult (&alg2, -val, &limit, mode);
      alg2.cost.cost += op_cost;
      alg2.cost.latency += op_cost;
      if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg2.cost, &alg->cost))
        *alg = alg2, *variant = negate_variant;
    }

  /* This proves very useful for division-by-constant.  */
  op_cost = add_cost[mode];
  if (MULT_COST_LESS (&alg->cost, mult_cost))
    {
      limit.cost = alg->cost.cost - op_cost;
      limit.latency = alg->cost.latency - op_cost;
    }
  else
    {
      limit.cost = mult_cost - op_cost;
      limit.latency = mult_cost - op_cost;
    }

  synth_mult (&alg2, val - 1, &limit, mode);
  alg2.cost.cost += op_cost;
  alg2.cost.latency += op_cost;
  if (CHEAPER_MULT_COST (&alg2.cost, &alg->cost))
    *alg = alg2, *variant = add_variant;

  return MULT_COST_LESS (&alg->cost, mult_cost);
}

/* A subroutine of expand_mult, used for constant multiplications.
   Multiply OP0 by VAL in mode MODE, storing the result in TARGET if
   convenient.  Use the shift/add sequence described by ALG and apply
   the final fixup specified by VARIANT.  */

static rtx
expand_mult_const (enum machine_mode mode, rtx op0, HOST_WIDE_INT val,
                   rtx target, const struct algorithm *alg,
                   enum mult_variant variant)
{
  HOST_WIDE_INT val_so_far;
  rtx insn, accum, tem;
  int opno;
  enum machine_mode nmode;

  /* Avoid referencing memory over and over.
     For speed, but also for correctness when mem is volatile.  */
  if (MEM_P (op0))
    op0 = force_reg (mode, op0);

  /* ACCUM starts out either as OP0 or as a zero, depending on
     the first operation.  */

  if (alg->op[0] == alg_zero)
    {
      accum = copy_to_mode_reg (mode, const0_rtx);
      val_so_far = 0;
    }
  else if (alg->op[0] == alg_m)
    {
      accum = copy_to_mode_reg (mode, op0);
      val_so_far = 1;
    }
  else
    gcc_unreachable ();

  for (opno = 1; opno < alg->ops; opno++)
    {
      int log = alg->log[opno];
      rtx shift_subtarget = optimize ? 0 : accum;
      rtx add_target
        = (opno == alg->ops - 1 && target != 0 && variant != add_variant
           && !optimize)
          ? target : 0;
      rtx accum_target = optimize ? 0 : accum;

      switch (alg->op[opno])
        {
        case alg_shift:
          accum = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, accum,
                                build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, log),
                                NULL_RTX, 0);
          val_so_far <<= log;
          break;

        case alg_add_t_m2:
          tem = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op0,
                              build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, log),
                              NULL_RTX, 0);
          accum = force_operand (gen_rtx_PLUS (mode, accum, tem),
                                 add_target ? add_target : accum_target);
          val_so_far += (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << log;
          break;

        case alg_sub_t_m2:
          tem = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op0,
                              build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, log),
                              NULL_RTX, 0);
          accum = force_operand (gen_rtx_MINUS (mode, accum, tem),
                                 add_target ? add_target : accum_target);
          val_so_far -= (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << log;
          break;

        case alg_add_t2_m:
          accum = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, accum,
                                build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, log),
                                shift_subtarget,
                                0);
          accum = force_operand (gen_rtx_PLUS (mode, accum, op0),
                                 add_target ? add_target : accum_target);
          val_so_far = (val_so_far << log) + 1;
          break;

        case alg_sub_t2_m:
          accum = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, accum,
                                build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, log),
                                shift_subtarget, 0);
          accum = force_operand (gen_rtx_MINUS (mode, accum, op0),
                                 add_target ? add_target : accum_target);
          val_so_far = (val_so_far << log) - 1;
          break;

        case alg_add_factor:
          tem = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, accum,
                              build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, log),
                              NULL_RTX, 0);
          accum = force_operand (gen_rtx_PLUS (mode, accum, tem),
                                 add_target ? add_target : accum_target);
          val_so_far += val_so_far << log;
          break;

        case alg_sub_factor:
          tem = expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, accum,
                              build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, log),
                              NULL_RTX, 0);
          accum = force_operand (gen_rtx_MINUS (mode, tem, accum),
                                 (add_target
                                  ? add_target : (optimize ? 0 : tem)));
          val_so_far = (val_so_far << log) - val_so_far;
          break;

        default:
          gcc_unreachable ();
        }

      /* Write a REG_EQUAL note on the last insn so that we can cse
         multiplication sequences.  Note that if ACCUM is a SUBREG,
         we've set the inner register and must properly indicate
         that.  */

      tem = op0, nmode = mode;
      if (GET_CODE (accum) == SUBREG)
        {
          nmode = GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (accum));
          tem = gen_lowpart (nmode, op0);
        }

      insn = get_last_insn ();
      set_unique_reg_note (insn, REG_EQUAL,
                           gen_rtx_MULT (nmode, tem, GEN_INT (val_so_far)));
    }

  if (variant == negate_variant)
    {
      val_so_far = -val_so_far;
      accum = expand_unop (mode, neg_optab, accum, target, 0);
    }
  else if (variant == add_variant)
    {
      val_so_far = val_so_far + 1;
      accum = force_operand (gen_rtx_PLUS (mode, accum, op0), target);
    }

  /* Compare only the bits of val and val_so_far that are significant
     in the result mode, to avoid sign-/zero-extension confusion.  */
  val &= GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
  val_so_far &= GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
  gcc_assert (val == val_so_far);

  return accum;
}

/* Perform a multiplication and return an rtx for the result.
   MODE is mode of value; OP0 and OP1 are what to multiply (rtx's);
   TARGET is a suggestion for where to store the result (an rtx).

   We check specially for a constant integer as OP1.
   If you want this check for OP0 as well, then before calling
   you should swap the two operands if OP0 would be constant.  */

rtx
expand_mult (enum machine_mode mode, rtx op0, rtx op1, rtx target,
             int unsignedp)
{
  enum mult_variant variant;
  struct algorithm algorithm;
  int max_cost;

  /* Handling const0_rtx here allows us to use zero as a rogue value for
     coeff below.  */
  if (op1 == const0_rtx)
    return const0_rtx;
  if (op1 == const1_rtx)
    return op0;
  if (op1 == constm1_rtx)
    return expand_unop (mode,
                        GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
                        && !unsignedp && flag_trapv
                        ? negv_optab : neg_optab,
                        op0, target, 0);

  /* These are the operations that are potentially turned into a sequence
     of shifts and additions.  */
  if (SCALAR_INT_MODE_P (mode)
      && (unsignedp || !flag_trapv))
    {
      HOST_WIDE_INT coeff = 0;

      /* synth_mult does an `unsigned int' multiply.  As long as the mode is
         less than or equal in size to `unsigned int' this doesn't matter.
         If the mode is larger than `unsigned int', then synth_mult works
         only if the constant value exactly fits in an `unsigned int' without
         any truncation.  This means that multiplying by negative values does
         not work; results are off by 2^32 on a 32 bit machine.  */

      if (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT)
        {
          /* Attempt to handle multiplication of DImode values by negative
             coefficients, by performing the multiplication by a positive
             multiplier and then inverting the result.  */
          if (INTVAL (op1) < 0
              && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
            {
              /* Its safe to use -INTVAL (op1) even for INT_MIN, as the
                 result is interpreted as an unsigned coefficient.  */
              max_cost = rtx_cost (gen_rtx_MULT (mode, op0, op1), SET)
                         - neg_cost[mode];
              if (max_cost > 0
                  && choose_mult_variant (mode, -INTVAL (op1), &algorithm,
                                          &variant, max_cost))
                {
                  rtx temp = expand_mult_const (mode, op0, -INTVAL (op1),
                                                NULL_RTX, &algorithm,
                                                variant);
                  return expand_unop (mode, neg_optab, temp, target, 0);
                }
            }
          else coeff = INTVAL (op1);
        }
      else if (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_DOUBLE)
        {
          /* If we are multiplying in DImode, it may still be a win
             to try to work with shifts and adds.  */
          if (CONST_DOUBLE_HIGH (op1) == 0)
            coeff = CONST_DOUBLE_LOW (op1);
          else if (CONST_DOUBLE_LOW (op1) == 0
                   && EXACT_POWER_OF_2_OR_ZERO_P (CONST_DOUBLE_HIGH (op1)))
            {
              int shift = floor_log2 (CONST_DOUBLE_HIGH (op1))
                          + HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT;
              return expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op0,
                                   build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, shift),
                                   target, unsignedp);
            }
        }
        
      /* We used to test optimize here, on the grounds that it's better to
         produce a smaller program when -O is not used.  But this causes
         such a terrible slowdown sometimes that it seems better to always
         use synth_mult.  */
      if (coeff != 0)
        {
          /* Special case powers of two.  */
          if (EXACT_POWER_OF_2_OR_ZERO_P (coeff))
            return expand_shift (LSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op0,
                                 build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, floor_log2 (coeff)),
                                 target, unsignedp);

          max_cost = rtx_cost (gen_rtx_MULT (mode, op0, op1), SET);
          if (choose_mult_variant (mode, coeff, &algorithm, &variant,
                                   max_cost))
            return expand_mult_const (mode, op0, coeff, target,
                                      &algorithm, variant);
        }
    }

  if (GET_CODE (op0) == CONST_DOUBLE)
    {
      rtx temp = op0;
      op0 = op1;
      op1 = temp;
    }

  /* Expand x*2.0 as x+x.  */
  if (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_DOUBLE
      && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_FLOAT)
    {
      REAL_VALUE_TYPE d;
      REAL_VALUE_FROM_CONST_DOUBLE (d, op1);

      if (REAL_VALUES_EQUAL (d, dconst2))
        {
          op0 = force_reg (GET_MODE (op0), op0);
          return expand_binop (mode, add_optab, op0, op0,
                               target, unsignedp, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
        }
    }

  /* This used to use umul_optab if unsigned, but for non-widening multiply
     there is no difference between signed and unsigned.  */
  op0 = expand_binop (mode,
                      ! unsignedp
                      && flag_trapv && (GET_MODE_CLASS(mode) == MODE_INT)
                      ? smulv_optab : smul_optab,
                      op0, op1, target, unsignedp, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
  gcc_assert (op0);
  return op0;
}
\f
/* Return the smallest n such that 2**n >= X.  */

int
ceil_log2 (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT x)
{
  return floor_log2 (x - 1) + 1;
}

/* Choose a minimal N + 1 bit approximation to 1/D that can be used to
   replace division by D, and put the least significant N bits of the result
   in *MULTIPLIER_PTR and return the most significant bit.

   The width of operations is N (should be <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT), the
   needed precision is in PRECISION (should be <= N).

   PRECISION should be as small as possible so this function can choose
   multiplier more freely.

   The rounded-up logarithm of D is placed in *lgup_ptr.  A shift count that
   is to be used for a final right shift is placed in *POST_SHIFT_PTR.

   Using this function, x/D will be equal to (x * m) >> (*POST_SHIFT_PTR),
   where m is the full HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT + 1 bit multiplier.  */

static
unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT
choose_multiplier (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT d, int n, int precision,
                   rtx *multiplier_ptr, int *post_shift_ptr, int *lgup_ptr)
{
  HOST_WIDE_INT mhigh_hi, mlow_hi;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mhigh_lo, mlow_lo;
  int lgup, post_shift;
  int pow, pow2;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT nl, dummy1;
  HOST_WIDE_INT nh, dummy2;

  /* lgup = ceil(log2(divisor)); */
  lgup = ceil_log2 (d);

  gcc_assert (lgup <= n);

  pow = n + lgup;
  pow2 = n + lgup - precision;

  /* We could handle this with some effort, but this case is much
     better handled directly with a scc insn, so rely on caller using
     that.  */
  gcc_assert (pow != 2 * HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT);

  /* mlow = 2^(N + lgup)/d */
 if (pow >= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    {
      nh = (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (pow - HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT);
      nl = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      nh = 0;
      nl = (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << pow;
    }
  div_and_round_double (TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, 1, nl, nh, d, (HOST_WIDE_INT) 0,
                        &mlow_lo, &mlow_hi, &dummy1, &dummy2);

  /* mhigh = (2^(N + lgup) + 2^N + lgup - precision)/d */
  if (pow2 >= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    nh |= (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (pow2 - HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT);
  else
    nl |= (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << pow2;
  div_and_round_double (TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, 1, nl, nh, d, (HOST_WIDE_INT) 0,
                        &mhigh_lo, &mhigh_hi, &dummy1, &dummy2);

  gcc_assert (!mhigh_hi || nh - d < d);
  gcc_assert (mhigh_hi <= 1 && mlow_hi <= 1);
  /* Assert that mlow < mhigh.  */
  gcc_assert (mlow_hi < mhigh_hi
              || (mlow_hi == mhigh_hi && mlow_lo < mhigh_lo));

  /* If precision == N, then mlow, mhigh exceed 2^N
     (but they do not exceed 2^(N+1)).  */

  /* Reduce to lowest terms.  */
  for (post_shift = lgup; post_shift > 0; post_shift--)
    {
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT ml_lo = (mlow_hi << (HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT - 1)) | (mlow_lo >> 1);
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mh_lo = (mhigh_hi << (HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT - 1)) | (mhigh_lo >> 1);
      if (ml_lo >= mh_lo)
        break;

      mlow_hi = 0;
      mlow_lo = ml_lo;
      mhigh_hi = 0;
      mhigh_lo = mh_lo;
    }

  *post_shift_ptr = post_shift;
  *lgup_ptr = lgup;
  if (n < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    {
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask = ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << n) - 1;
      *multiplier_ptr = GEN_INT (mhigh_lo & mask);
      return mhigh_lo >= mask;
    }
  else
    {
      *multiplier_ptr = GEN_INT (mhigh_lo);
      return mhigh_hi;
    }
}

/* Compute the inverse of X mod 2**n, i.e., find Y such that X * Y is
   congruent to 1 (mod 2**N).  */

static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT
invert_mod2n (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT x, int n)
{
  /* Solve x*y == 1 (mod 2^n), where x is odd.  Return y.  */

  /* The algorithm notes that the choice y = x satisfies
     x*y == 1 mod 2^3, since x is assumed odd.
     Each iteration doubles the number of bits of significance in y.  */

  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT y = x;
  int nbit = 3;

  mask = (n == HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
          ? ~(unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 0
          : ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << n) - 1);

  while (nbit < n)
    {
      y = y * (2 - x*y) & mask;         /* Modulo 2^N */
      nbit *= 2;
    }
  return y;
}

/* Emit code to adjust ADJ_OPERAND after multiplication of wrong signedness
   flavor of OP0 and OP1.  ADJ_OPERAND is already the high half of the
   product OP0 x OP1.  If UNSIGNEDP is nonzero, adjust the signed product
   to become unsigned, if UNSIGNEDP is zero, adjust the unsigned product to
   become signed.

   The result is put in TARGET if that is convenient.

   MODE is the mode of operation.  */

rtx
expand_mult_highpart_adjust (enum machine_mode mode, rtx adj_operand, rtx op0,
                             rtx op1, rtx target, int unsignedp)
{
  rtx tem;
  enum rtx_code adj_code = unsignedp ? PLUS : MINUS;

  tem = expand_shift (RSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op0,
                      build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1),
                      NULL_RTX, 0);
  tem = expand_and (mode, tem, op1, NULL_RTX);
  adj_operand
    = force_operand (gen_rtx_fmt_ee (adj_code, mode, adj_operand, tem),
                     adj_operand);

  tem = expand_shift (RSHIFT_EXPR, mode, op1,
                      build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1),
                      NULL_RTX, 0);
  tem = expand_and (mode, tem, op0, NULL_RTX);
  target = force_operand (gen_rtx_fmt_ee (adj_code, mode, adj_operand, tem),
                          target);

  return target;
}

/* Subroutine of expand_mult_highpart.  Return the MODE high part of OP.  */

static rtx
extract_high_half (enum machine_mode mode, rtx op)
{
  enum machine_mode wider_mode;

  if (mode == word_mode)
    return gen_highpart (mode, op);

  wider_mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode);
  op = expand_shift (RSHIFT_EXPR, wider_mode, op,
                     build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)), 0, 1);
  return convert_modes (mode, wider_mode, op, 0);
}

/* Like expand_mult_highpart, but only consider using a multiplication
   optab.  OP1 is an rtx for the constant operand.  */

static rtx
expand_mult_highpart_optab (enum machine_mode mode, rtx op0, rtx op1,
                            rtx target, int unsignedp, int max_cost)
{
  rtx narrow_op1 = gen_int_mode (INTVAL (op1), mode);
  enum machine_mode wider_mode;
  optab moptab;
  rtx tem;
  int size;

  wider_mode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode);
  size = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);

  /* Firstly, try using a multiplication insn that only generates the needed
     high part of the product, and in the sign flavor of unsignedp.  */
  if (mul_highpart_cost[mode] < max_cost)
    {
      moptab = unsignedp ? umul_highpart_optab : smul_highpart_optab;
      tem = expand_binop (mode, moptab, op0, narrow_op1, target,
                          unsignedp, OPTAB_DIRECT);
      if (tem)
        return tem;
    }

  /* Secondly, same as above, but use sign flavor opposite of unsignedp.
     Need to adjust the result after the multiplication.  */
  if (size - 1 < BITS_PER_WORD
      && (mul_highpart_cost[mode] + 2 * shift_cost[mode][size-1]
          + 4 * add_cost[mode] < max_cost))
    {
      moptab = unsignedp ? smul_highpart_optab : umul_highpart_optab;
      tem = expand_binop (mode, moptab, op0, narrow_op1, target,
                          unsignedp, OPTAB_DIRECT);
      if (tem)
        /* We used the wrong signedness.  Adjust the result.  */
        return expand_mult_highpart_adjust (mode, tem, op0, narrow_op1,
                                            tem, unsignedp);
    }

  /* Try widening multiplication.  */
  moptab = unsignedp ? umul_widen_optab : smul_widen_optab;
  if (moptab->handlers[wider_mode].insn_code != CODE_FOR_nothing
      && mul_widen_cost[wider_mode] < max_cost)
    {
      tem = expand_binop (wider_mode, moptab, op0, narrow_op1, 0,
                          unsignedp, OPTAB_WIDEN);
      if (tem)
        return extract_high_half (mode, tem);
    }

  /* Try widening the mode and perform a non-widening multiplication.  */
  if (smul_optab->handlers[wider_mode].insn_code != CODE_FOR_nothing
      && size - 1 < BITS_PER_WORD
      && mul_cost[wider_mode] + shift_cost[mode][size-1] < max_cost)
    {
      rtx insns, wop0, wop1;

      /* We&nbs